{{Short description|Geological formation in Yunnan, China}} {{Infobox rockunit | name = Xitun Formation | image = | caption = | type = Geological formation | age = {{fossil range|Lochkovian|Lochkovian|Early Devonian (Lochkovian)}} | period = Devonian | prilithology = Calciferous mudstones<ref name=":0" /> | otherlithology = | namedfor = Xitun village | namedby = | region = Yunnan Province | country = China | coordinates = 25°29.853'N and 103°46.309'E<ref name=":0" /> | unitof = Cuifengshan Group<ref name=":6" /> | subunits = | underlies = Guijiatun Formation<ref name=":0" /> | overlies = Xiaxishancun Formation<ref name=":0" /> | thickness = | extent = Qujing | area = | map = | map_caption = }}
The '''Xitun Formation''' is a palaeontological formation which is named after Xitun village in Qujing, a location in South China. This formation includes many remains of fossilized fish and plants of the Early Devonian period (Late Lochkovian).<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Zhu |first=Min |date=1996-01-01 |title=The phylogeny of the Antiarcha (Placodermi, Pisces), with the description of Early Devonian antiarchs from Qujing, Yunnan, China |url=https://www.academia.edu/1806944 |journal=Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. |series=4e Série}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Xue |first=Jinzhuang |date=March 2012 |title=Lochkovian plants from the Xitun Formation of Yunnan, China, and their palaeophytogeographical significance |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259418642 |journal=Geological Magazine |language=en |volume=149 |issue=2 |pages=333–344 |doi=10.1017/S001675681100077X |bibcode=2012GeoM..149..333X |s2cid=129280508 |issn=0016-7568}}</ref> It was originally referred to as the '''Xitun Member''' of the Cuifengshan Formation (now the Cuifengshan Group).<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Nianzhong. |last2=Wang |first2=Nianzhong |date=1984 |title=Thelodont, acanthodian, and chondrichthyan fossils from the Lower Devonian of southwestern China |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/47132 |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |volume=107 |pages=419–441 |issn=0370-047X}}</ref>
== Fossil content == {{Paleobiota-key-compact}}
=== Animals ===
==== Acanthodians ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Acanthodians reported from the Xitun Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images |- | Ischnacanthidae | Genus indet. | Qujing.<ref name=":16" /> | 4 isolated scales (V7218.1, 3, 6 & 8) & 2 longitudinal sections (V7218.4 & 7).<ref name=":16" /> | Similar to ''Ischnacanthus'' & ''Acanthodes'', may be referrable to ''Youngacanthus''. | |- | rowspan="6" | ''Nostolepis'' | ''N. amplifica'' | Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Qiang |last2=Cui |first2=Xindong |last3=Andreev |first3=Plamen Stanislavov |last4=Zhao |first4=Wenjin |last5=Wang |first5=Jianhua |last6=Peng |first6=Lijian |last7=Zhu |first7=Min |date=2021-05-07 |title=Nostolepis scale remains (stem Chondrichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan, China |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=9 |article-number=e11093 |doi=10.7717/peerj.11093 |pmid=34012725 |pmc=8109008 |issn=2167-8359 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |43 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" /> | | |- | ''N. consueta'' | Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.<ref name=":7" /> | Around 25 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" /> | | |- | ''N. digitus'' | Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.<ref name=":7" /> | 28 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" /> | | |- | ''N. qujingensis'' | Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.<ref name=":7" /> | 19 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" /> | | |- | ''N. striata'' | Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.<ref name=":7" /> | 69 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" /> | | |- | ''N.'' sp. indet. | Qujing.<ref name=":16" /> | Body scales.<ref name=":16" /> | | |- | ''Youngacanthus'' | ''Y. gracilis'' | Qujing.<ref name=":16" /> | Jaw elements & teeth.<ref name=":16" /> | An ischnacanthid. | |- |}
==== Actinopterygians ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Actinopterygians reported from the Xitun Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images |- | ''Meemannia'' | ''M. eos'' | Xitun village, Qujing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhu |first=Min |title=Meemannia eos, a basal sarcopterygian fish from the Lower Devonian of China – expanded description and significance |url=https://www.academia.edu/1809971|journal=Academia}}</ref> | | An early ray-finned fish, formerly thought to be a lobe finned fish.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=Jing |last2=Giles |first2=Sam |last3=Friedman |first3=Matt |last4=den Blaauwen |first4=Jan L. |last5=Zhu |first5=Min |date=2016-06-20 |title=The Oldest Actinopterygian Highlights the Cryptic Early History of the Hyperdiverse Ray-Finned Fishes |url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(16)30398-0 |journal=Current Biology |language=English |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=1602–1608 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.045 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=27212403|s2cid=3928790 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | |- |}
==== Arthropods ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Arthropods reported from the Xitun Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images |- | ''Qujingopterus''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ma |first1=Z. |last2=Lamsdell |first2=J. C. |last3=Wang |first3=M. |last4=Chen |first4=J. |last5=Selden |first5=P. A. |last6=He |first6=B. |title=Early Devonian stylonurine eurypterids from northern Gondwana: Late Lochkovian to early Pragian records from South China |year=2024 |journal=Gondwana Research |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.003 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | ''Q. spineus'' | | | A stylonurid eurypterid |center|150px |- |}
==== Chondrichthyes ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Chondrichthyes reported from the Xitun Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images |- |''Changolepis'' |''C. tricuspidus'' |Qujing.<ref name=":16" /> |10 scales of various growth stages.<ref name=":16" /> | | |- | Chondrichthyes | Genus indet. | Qujing.<ref name=":16" /> | 4 isolated teeth (V7221.1, 2, 3 & 4). | May belong to ''Gualepis'' or ''Changolepis''. | |- | ''Gualepis'' | ''G. elegans'' | Xitun, Qilin district, Qujing.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last1=Cui |first1=Xindong |last2=Qu |first2=Qingming |last3=Andreev |first3=Plamen S. |last4=Li |first4=Qiang |last5=Mai |first5=Huijuan |last6=Zhu |first6=Min |date=2021-03-04 |title=Modeling scale morphogenesis in a Devonian chondrichthyan and scale growth patterns in crown gnathostomes |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353277625 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=41 |issue=2 |article-number=e1930018 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2021.1930018 |bibcode=2021JVPal..41E0018C |s2cid=237517966 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |Thousands of isolated scales.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":15" /> | | |- | ''Ohiolepis?'' | ''O.? xitunensis'' | Qujing.<ref name=":16" /> | A complete scale (V7233.1) & an incomplete scale (V7223.2).<ref name=":16" /> | | |- | ''Peilepis'' | ''P. solida'' | Qujing.<ref name=":16" /> | A body scale (V7222).<ref name=":16" /> | | |}
==== Jawless fish ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Jawless fish reported from the Xitun Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images |- |rowspan=7| ''Parathelodus'' | ''P. asiaticus'' | Qilin district, Qujing.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Xin-Dong |first1=C. U. I. |last2=Qiang |first2=L. I. |last3=Min |first3=Z. H. U. |last4=Min |first4=Z. H. U. |date=2020-01-20 |title=New material of thelodonts from Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) of Qujing, Yunnan, China |url=http://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190612 |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190612 |issn=2096-9899}}</ref> |Body scales.<ref name=":8" /> | A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''P. cornuformis'' | Qilin district, Qujing.<ref name=":8" /> | Body scales.<ref name=":8" /> | A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''P. liaokuoensis'' | Qilin district, Qujing.<ref name=":8" /> | Body scales.<ref name=":8" /> | A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''P. scitulus'' | Qilin district, Qujing.<ref name=":8" /> | A complete body scale (IVPP V 12156.1).<ref name=":8" /> | A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''P. trilobatus'' | Qilin district, Qujing.<ref name=":8" /> | Body scales.<ref name=":8" /> | A thelodont also found in the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''P. wangi'' | Qilin district, Qujing.<ref name=":8" /> | Body scales.<ref name=":8" /> | A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''P. xitunensis'' | Qilin district, Qujing.<ref name=":8" /> | A complete body scale (IVPP V 26113.1).<ref name=":8" /> | A thelodont. | |- | ''Turinia'' | ''T. asiatica'' | Qujing.<ref name=":16" /> | Multiple scales.<ref name=":16" /> | A thelodont. | center|150px |- | ''Xitunaspis'' | ''X. magnus'' | Qujing.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Hao-Ran |first1=Sun |last2=Gai |first2=Zhikun |last3=Jia-Chen |first3=Cai |last4=Qiang |first4=L I |date=April 2022 |title=Xitunaspis, a new eugaleaspid fish (Eugaleaspiformes, Galeaspida) from the Lower Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360383846 |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.220412}}</ref> | 4 headshields.<ref name=":2" /> | A galeaspid. | |- |}
==== Placoderms ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Placoderms reported from the Xitun Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images |- | Antiarchi | Unnamed antiarch | Qujing.<ref name=":6" /> | MNHN-CHD02 & V10515.<ref name=":6" /> | Originally referred to ''?Xichonelepis.'' | |- | Asterosteidae | Gen. et. sp. indet. | Qujing.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Jun-Qing |first=Wang |date=1991-04-19 |title=Discovery of asterosteidae from Lower Devonian in Eastern Yuannan |url=http://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/Y1991/V29/I02/162 |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |language=en |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=162 |issn=2096-9899}}</ref> | Part of the head shield.<ref name=":4" /> | Very similar to ''Gemuendina''.<ref name=":4" /> | |- | rowspan="4" | ''Chuchinolepis'' | ''C. gracilis'' | Qujing.<ref name=":6" /> | Detached plates.<ref name=":6" /> | A chuchinolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''C. qujingensis'' | | Plates.<ref name=":6" /> | A chuchinolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''C. robusta'' | Qujing.<ref name=":6" /> | A detached AVL plate (V10512).<ref name=":6" /> | A chuchinolepidid. | |- | ''C. sulcata'' | Qujing.<ref name=":6" /> | Trunkshield, plates & incomplete pectoral fin.<ref name=":6" /> | A chuchinolepidid. | |- | ''Gavinaspis'' | ''G. convergens'' | Qujing.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Dupret |first1=V. |last2=Zhu |first2=M. |date=30 November 2007 |title=The earliest phyllolepid (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Late Lochkovian (Early Devonian) of Yunnan (South China) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/earliest-phyllolepid-placodermi-arthrodira-from-the-late-lochkovian-early-devonian-of-yunnan-south-china/3428B4D1C14A86FE6994F34A7B849620 |journal=Geological Magazine |language=en |volume=145 |issue=2 |pages=257–278 |doi=10.1017/S0016756807004207 |s2cid=129360262 |issn=1469-5081|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | Skull remains.<ref name=":3" /> | A phyllolepid. | |- | ''Parayunnanolepis'' | ''P. xitunensis'' | | Almost-complete specimen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Min |last2=Yu |first2=Xiaobo |last3=Choo |first3=Brian |last4=Wang |first4=Junqing |last5=Jia |first5=Liantao |date=2012-06-23 |title=An antiarch placoderm shows that pelvic girdles arose at the root of jawed vertebrates |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51984082 |journal=Biology Letters |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=453–456 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2011.1033 |pmc=3367742 |pmid=22219394}}</ref> | A yunnanolepidid. | center|150px |- |rowspan=2| ''Phymolepis'' | ''P. cuifengshanensis'' | Cuifengshan and Liaokuoshan, Qujing.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yajing |last2=Zhu |first2=Min |date=2018-05-28 |title=Redescription of Phymolepis cuifengshanensis (Antiarcha: Yunnanolepididae) using high-resolution computed tomography and new insights into anatomical details of the endocranium in antiarchs |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |article-number=e4808 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4808 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=5978403 |pmid=29868260 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |Plates.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> | A yunnanolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation. | center|150px |- | ''P. guoruii'' | Qujing.<ref name=":6" /> | Trunk-shields & plates.<ref name=":6" /> | A yunnanolepidid. | |- |style="background:#E6E6E6;"| ''Szeaspis'' |style="background:#E6E6E6;"| ''S. yunnanensis'' |style="background:#E6E6E6;"| Qujing.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last1=Dupret |first1=Vincent |last2=Zhu |first2=Min |last3=Wang |first3=Jun-Qing |date=2017-03-04 |title=Redescription of Szelepis Liu, 1981 (Placodermi, Arthrodira), from the Lower Devonian of China |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317161147 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |article-number=e1312422 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1312422 |bibcode=2017JVPal..37E2422D |s2cid=90912807 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |style="background:#E6E6E6;"| Neurocranium & associated skull roof (IVPP V 5810a-b).<ref name=":13" /> |style="background:#E6E6E6;"| Preoccupied genus name, renamed ''Szelepis''. |style="background:#E6E6E6;"| |- | ''Szelepis'' | ''S. yunnanensis'' | Qujing.<ref name=":13" /> | Neurocranium & associated skull roof (IVPP V 5810a-b).<ref name=":13" /> | An actinolepid originally named ''Szeaspis''. | |- |rowspan=2| ''Yunnanolepis'' | ''Y. porifera'' | Qujing.<ref name=":6" /> | | A yunnanolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation. | |- | ''Y.'' sp. | Qujing.<ref name=":6" /> | A trunk-shield associated with part of skull roof (V10514).<ref name=":6" /> | A yunnanolepidid, specimen formerly assigned to ''Vanchienolepis''. | |- | ''Zhanjilepis'' | ''Z. aspratilis'' | Qujing.<ref name=":6" /> | Plates.<ref name=":6" /> | A yunnanolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation. | center|150px |}
==== Sarcopterygians ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Sarcopterygians reported from the Xitun Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images |- | ''Achoania'' |''A. jarvikii'' | Qujing.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Min |last2=Yu |first2=Xiaobo |last3=Ahlberg |first3=Per E. |date=2001 |title=A primitive sarcopterygian fish with an eyestalk |url=https://www.academia.edu/407875 |journal=Nature |volume=410 |issue=6824 |pages=81–84 |doi=10.1038/35065078 |pmid=11242045 |s2cid=4416579 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref> | Anterior cranial portion.<ref name=":11" /> | A basal lobe finned fish. | |- | ''Diabolepis'' | ''D. speratus'' | Xichong, Qujing.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last1=Chang |first1=Meemann |author-link=Meemann Chang |last2=Yu |first2=Xiaobo |date=January 1984 |title=Structure and phylogenetic significance of Diabolichthys speratus gen. et sp. nov., a new dipnoan-like form from the Lower Devonian of eastern Yunnan, China |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213769921 |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |volume=107 |issue=3 |pages=171–184}}</ref> |Multiple specimens.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Meemann |author-link=Meemann Chang |date=January 1995 |title=Diabolepis and its bearing on the relationships between porolepiforms and dipnoans |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213769908 |journal=Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section C |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=235–268}}</ref> | A dipteriform originally named ''Diabolichthys''. | |- | ''Psarolepis'' | ''P. romeri'' | Xichong, Qujing.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Yu |first=Xiaobo |date=1998 |title=A New Porolepiform-Like Fish, Psarolepis romeri, gen. et sp. nov. (Sarcopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=261–274 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1998.10011055 |jstor=4523897 |bibcode=1998JVPal..18..261Y |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |4 anterior cranial portions, a posterior cranial portion, 2 complete lower jaws & an incomplete lower jaw.<ref name=":10" /> | A basal lobe finned fish. | center|150px |- | ''Styloichthys'' | ''S. changae'' | Qujing.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Min |last2=Yu |first2=Xiaobo |date=September 2002 |title=A primitive fish close to the common ancestor of tetrapods and lungfish |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11204958 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=418 |issue=6899 |pages=767–770 |doi=10.1038/nature00871 |pmid=12181564 |bibcode=2002Natur.418..767Z |s2cid=4389974 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> | Multiple specimens.<ref name=":12" /> | A basal coelacanth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Matt |date=January 2007 |title=Styloichthys as the oldest coelacanth: Implications for early osteichthyan interrelationships |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1017/S1477201907002052 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=289–343 |doi=10.1017/S1477201907002052 |bibcode=2007JSPal...5..289F |s2cid=83712134 |issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | center|150px |- | ''Youngolepis'' | ''Y. praecursor'' | | Numerous specimens.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cui |first1=Xindong |last2=Friedman |first2=Matt |last3=Qiao |first3=Tuo |last4=Yu |first4=Yilun |last5=Zhu |first5=Min |date=2022-05-02 |title=The rapid evolution of lungfish durophagy |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=2390 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-30091-3 |pmid=35501345 |pmc=9061808 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.2390C |s2cid=248504614 |issn=2041-1723}}</ref> | A basal lobe finned fish also known from the Bac Bun Formation. | center|150px |- |}
=== Plants === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Plants reported from the Xitun Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images |- |Gen. nov. A | |Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of Qujing city.<ref name=":0" /> |Numerous specimens.<ref name=":0" /> | | |- | aff. ''Huia'' | aff. ''H.'' sp. | Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of Qujing city.<ref name=":0" /> | PKU-XH214.<ref name=":0" /> | A lycophyte. | |- | Unnamed spike | | Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of Qujing city.<ref name=":0" /> | A poorly preserved terminal spike (PKU-XH215a, 215b).<ref name=":0" /> | Probably from a zosterophyll. | |- | ''Xitunia'' | ''X. spinitheca'' | Qujing.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Xue |first=Jinzhuang |date=2009-06-10 |title=Two Zosterophyll Plants from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Xitun Formation of Northeastern Yunnan, China |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00057.x |journal=Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition |language=en |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=504–512 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00057.x|bibcode=2009AcGlS..83..504X |s2cid=131021391 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> | | A zosterophyll. | |- |rowspan=2| ''Zosterophyllum'' | ''Z. minorstachyum'' | Qujing.<ref name=":1" /> | | A zosterophyll. | center|150 px |- | ''Z. shengfengense'' | A building site at Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng District, Qujing City.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last1=Hao |first1=Shougang |last2=Xue |first2=Jinzhuang |last3=Guo |first3=Dali |last4=Wang |first4=Deming |date=January 2010 |title=Earliest rooting system and root: shoot ratio from a new Zosterophyllum plant |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03056.x |journal=New Phytologist |language=en |volume=185 |issue=1 |pages=217–225 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03056.x |pmid=19825018 |s2cid=5638825 |issn=0028-646X|doi-access=free }}</ref> | A nearly entire individual plant preserved as a compression (PUH-QXI01-1), and its counterpart (PUH-QXI01-1').<ref name=":14" /> | A zosterophyll. | |- |}
== See also == * List of fossil sites— ''(with link directory)''
== References == {{Reflist}}
Category:Devonian System of Asia Category:Devonian China Category:Devonian northern paleotropical deposits Category:Paleontology in China Category:Long stubs with short prose
{{China-geologic-formation-stub}}