{{short description|Genus of trees and shrubs (Polygalaceae)}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Xanthophyllum_arnottianum_20.JPG | image_caption = ''Xanthophyllum flavescens'', India | parent_authority = Chodat | taxon = Xanthophyllum | authority = Roxb.<ref name=Roxburgh-1819-Orig-Publ/><ref name=Fl.-Malesiana-1988/> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms =
*''Banisterodes'' {{small|Kuntze}} *''Eystathes'' {{small|Lour.}} *''Jakkia'' {{small|Blume}} *''Kaulfussia''{{small|Dennst.}} *''Macintyria'' {{small|F.Muell.}} *''Pelae'' {{small|Adans.}} *''Skaphium'' {{small|Miq.}} |synonyms_ref = <ref name="powo"/> }} {{Use list-defined references|date=November 2013}}
'''''Xanthophyllum''''' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae;<ref name="powo"/><ref name=Fl.-Malesiana-1988/> (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as '''{{lang|ms|minyak berok}}''' in Malay or '''{{lang|iba|nyalin}}''' in the Iban language.<ref name=TFSS/>
==Description== ''Xanthophyllum'' species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to {{convert|15|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. ''X. ecarinatum'', ''X. obscurum'' and ''X. stipitatum''.<ref name=TFSS/>
==Distribution and habitat== ''Xanthophyllum'' grows naturally from India in tropical Asia to northern Australia. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or ''kerangas'' forests.<ref name=TFSS/>
==Species== {{As of|2021|February}}, the following is a list of accepted species:<ref name="powo">{{cite web |title=Xanthophyllum Roxb. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332067-2 |website=Plants of the World Online (POWO) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=21em}}
*''Xanthophyllum adenotus'' {{small|Miq.}} *''Xanthophyllum albicaule'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum amoenum'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum ancolanum'' {{small|Miq.}} *''Xanthophyllum andamanicum'' {{small|King}} *''Xanthophyllum angustigemma'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum annamense'' {{small|Gagnep.}} *''Xanthophyllum beccarianum'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum bibracteatum'' {{small|Gagnep.}} *''Xanthophyllum bicolor'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum bombayanum'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum borneense'' {{small|Miq.}} *''Xanthophyllum brachystachyum'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum bracteatum'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum brevipes'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum brigittae'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum bullatum'' {{small|King}} *''Xanthophyllum burkillii'' {{small|J.R.Drumm. & Dunn}} *''Xanthophyllum celebicum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum chartaceum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum clovis'' {{small|(Steenis ex Meijden) Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum cochinchinense'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum cockburnii'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum colubrinum'' {{small|Gagnep.}} *''Xanthophyllum contractum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum crassum'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum cucullatum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum discolor'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum eberhardtii'' {{small|Gagnep.}} *''Xanthophyllum ecarinatum'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum eglandulosum'' {{small|Griff.}} *''Xanthophyllum ellipticum'' {{small|Korth. ex Miq.}} *''Xanthophyllum erythrostachyum'' {{small|Gagnep.}} *''Xanthophyllum eurhynchum'' {{small|Miq.}} *''Xanthophyllum excelsum'' {{small|(Blume) Blume ex Miq.}} *''Xanthophyllum ferrugineum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum flavescens'' {{small|Roxb.}} *''Xanthophyllum fragrans'' {{small|C.T.White}} *''Xanthophyllum geesinkii'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum geminatum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum griffithii'' {{small|Hook.f. ex A.W.Benn.}} *''Xanthophyllum hainanense'' {{small|Hu}} *''Xanthophyllum havilandii'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum heterophyllum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum impressum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum incertum'' {{small|(Blume) Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum inflatum'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum ionanthum'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum korthalsianum'' {{small|Miq.}} *''Xanthophyllum laeve'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum lanceatum'' {{small|(Miq.) J.J.Sm.}} *''Xanthophyllum lateriflorum'' {{small|Miq.}} *''Xanthophyllum lineare'' {{small|(Meijden) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum longum'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum macrophyllum'' {{small|Baker}} *''Xanthophyllum malayanum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum manickamii'' {{small|Murugan}} *''Xanthophyllum montanum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum monticola'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum neglectum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum ngii'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum nigricans'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum nitidum'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum novoguinense'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum obscurum'' {{small|A.W.Benn.}} *''Xanthophyllum octandrum'' {{small|(F.Muell.) Domin}} *''Xanthophyllum oliganthum'' {{small|C.Y.Wu}} *''Xanthophyllum ovatifolium'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum pachycarpon'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum palawanense'' {{small|Elmer}} *''Xanthophyllum papuanum'' {{small|Whitmore ex Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum parvifolium'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum pauciflorum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum pedicellatum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum penibukanense'' {{small|Heine}} *''Xanthophyllum petiolatum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum philippinense'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum poilanei'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum pubescens'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum pulchrum'' {{small|King}} *''Xanthophyllum punctatum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum purpureum'' {{small|Ridl.}} *''Xanthophyllum ramiflorum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum rectum'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum reflexum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum resupinatum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum reticulatum'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum retinerve'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum rheophilum'' {{small|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Xanthophyllum rufum'' {{small|A.W.Benn.}} *''Xanthophyllum schizocarpon'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum stipitatum'' {{small|A.W.Benn.}} *''Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum'' {{small|(Chodat) Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum suberosum'' {{small|C.T.White}} *''Xanthophyllum sulphureum'' {{small|King}} *''Xanthophyllum sylvestre'' {{small|(Lour.) S.Moore}} *''Xanthophyllum tardicrescens'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum tenue'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum tenuipetalum'' {{small|Meijden}} *''Xanthophyllum trichocladum'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum velutinum'' {{small|Chodat}} *''Xanthophyllum venosum'' {{small|King}} *''Xanthophyllum virens'' {{small|Roxb.}} *''Xanthophyllum vitellinum'' {{small|(Blume) D.Dietr.}} *''Xanthophyllum wrayi'' {{small|King}} *''Xanthophyllum yunnanense'' {{small|C.Y.Wu}} *''Xanthophyllum zeylanicum'' {{small|Meijden}} {{div col end}}
==References== {{Reflist| refs=
<ref name=Roxburgh-1819-Orig-Publ> {{Cite book | last1= Roxburgh | first1= William | year= 1819 | title= Plants of the Coast of Coromandel | volume= 3 | pages= 81–2 | publisher= East India Company | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/280307 | type= Digitised, online| via= biodiversitylibrary.org| access-date= 3 Nov 2013 }} </ref>
<ref name=Fl.-Malesiana-1988> {{Cite book | last1= Meijden | first1= R. van der | year= 1988 | contribution= Xanthophyllum | contribution-url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28735290 | access-date= 3 Nov 2013 | title= Flora Malesiana | series= Series I, Spermatophyta : Flowering Plants | editor1-last= Adema | editor1-first= F. | editor2-last= Leenhouts | editor2-first= P. W. | editor3-last= van Welzen | editor3-first= P. C. | volume= 10 pt. 3: Polygalaceae | pages= 493–539 | location= Leiden, The Netherlands | publisher= Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University | type= Digitised, online | isbn= 90-247-3736-2 <!-- | others= general editor: Steenis, Cornelis G. G. J. van | series_editor1-last= Steenis |series_editor1-first= Cornelius G. G. J. van | series_others= Rijksherbarium (Netherlands), Lembaga Biologi Nasional (Indonesia), Keban Raya Indonesia, Lembaga Pusat Penjelidikan Alam (Indonesia) | series_year=1948 | series_publisher=Noordhoff-Kolff N.V --> }} </ref>
<ref name=TFSS> {{Cite book | last1 = De Wilde | first1 = W. J. J. O. | last2 = Duyfjes | first2 = Brigitta E. E. | date = March 2007 | contribution = ''Xanthophyllum'' Roxb. | contribution-url= http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/backup/TFSS.vol4_5_6.pdf | editor1-last = Soepadmo | editor1-first = E. | editor2-last = Saw | editor2-first = L. G. | editor3-last = Chung | editor3-first = R. C. K. | editor4-last = Kiew | editor4-first = Ruth | title = Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak | volume = 6 | pages = 221–235 | publisher = Forest Research Institute Malaysia | isbn = 978-983-2181-89-7 | url = http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/Resources/Publications/Books/Floras/Tree-Flora-of-Sabah-and-Sarawak.aspx | version = (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions) | access-date = 18 March 2014 }} </ref> }}
==External links== {{Commons category}} {{Wikispecies}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q784712}}
Category:Xanthophyllum Category:Polygalaceae genera Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Category:Fabales of Asia