{{Short description|Family of crabs}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Xantho poressa 2009 G2.jpg | image_caption = ''Xantho poressa'' | taxon = Xanthidae | authority = Macleay, 1838 <ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=98748 |taxon=Xanthidae}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision = {{Linked taxon list | Actaeinae | Alcock, 1898 | Banareiinae | Števčić, 2005 | Chlorodiellinae | Ng & Holthuis, 2007 | Cymoinae | Alcock, 1898 | Etisinae | Ortmann, 1893 | Euxanthinae | Alcock, 1898 | Glyptoxanthinae | Mendoza & Guinot, 2011 | Kraussiinae | Ng, 1993 | Liomerinae | T. Sakai, 1976 | Polydectinae | Dana, 1851 | Xanthinae | MacLeay, 1838 | Zosiminae | Alcock, 1898 }}}}
'''Xanthidae''' is a family of crabs known as '''gorilla crabs''', '''mud crabs''', '''pebble crabs''' or '''rubble crabs'''.<ref name="ITIS"/> Xanthid crabs are often brightly coloured and are highly poisonous, containing toxins which are not destroyed by cooking and for which no antidote is known.<ref name="Tan">{{cite web |url=http://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/crustacea/crab/xanthidae/xanthidae.htm |publisher=Wild Singapore |title=Xanthid crabs: Family Xanthidae |access-date=January 11, 2010 |year=2008 |author=Ria Tan}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2023}} The toxins are similar to the tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin produced by puffer fish, and may be produced by bacteria in the genus ''Vibrio'' living in symbiosis with the crabs, mostly ''V. alginolyticus'' and ''V. parahaemolyticus''.<ref name="Tan"/>{{Better source needed|date=October 2023}}
==Classification== Many species formerly included in the family Xanthidae have since been moved to new families. Despite this, Xanthidae is still the largest crab family in terms of species richness, contanining the following subfamilies and genera:<ref name="Grave">{{cite journal |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |format=PDF |display-authors=etal |archive-date=2011-06-06 |access-date=2010-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=21em}} *Actaeinae {{small|Alcock, 1898}} **''Actaea'' {{small|De Haan, 1833}} **''Actaeodes'' {{small|Dana, 1851}} **''Actaeops'' † {{small|Portell & Collins, 2004}} **''Allactaea'' {{small|Williams, 1974}} **''Eoxanthops'' † {{small|Beschin, Busulini, Tessier & Zorzin, 2016}} **''Epiactaea'' {{small|Serène, 1984}} **''Epiactaeodes'' {{small|Serène, 1984}} **''Forestiana'' {{small|Guinot & Low, 2010}} **''Gaillardiellus'' {{small|Guinot, 1976}} **''Heteractaea'' {{small|Lockington, 1877}} **''Lambropsis'' † {{small|Lőrenthey, 1907}} **''Lobiactaea'' {{small|T. Sakai, 1983}} **''Meractaea'' {{small|Serène, 1984}} **''Novactaea'' {{small|Guinot, 1976}} **''Odhnea'' {{small|Ng & Low, 2010}} **''Paractaea'' {{small|Guinot, 1969}} **''Paractaeopsis'' {{small|Serène, 1984}} **''Phlyctenodes'' † {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1862}} **''Platyactaea'' {{small|Guinot, 1967}} **''Pseudoliomera'' {{small|Odhner, 1925}} **''Pseudophlyctenodes'' † {{small|Busulini, Tessier & Beschin, 2006}} **''Rata'' {{small|Davie, 1993}} **''Serenius'' {{small|Guinot, 1976}} *Banareiinae {{small|Števčić, 2005}} **''Banareia'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1869}} **''Calvactaea'' {{small|Ward, 1933}} **''Pseudactaea'' {{small|Guinot, 1971}} **''Trichia'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}} *Chlorodiellinae {{small|Ng & Holthuis, 2007}} **''Chlorodiella'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}} **''Cyclodius'' {{small|Dana, 1851}} **''Liocarpilodes'' {{small|Klunzinger, 1913}} **''Luniella'' {{small|Lasley, Klaus & Ng, 2015}} **''Pilodius'' {{small|Dana, 1851}} **''Ratha'' {{small|Lasley, Lai & Thoma, 2013}} **''Soliella'' {{small|Lasley, Klaus & Ng, 2015}} **''Sulcodius'' {{small|P. F. Clark & Ng, 1999}} **''Tweedieia'' {{small|Ward, 1935}} **''Vellodius'' {{small|Ng & Yang, 1998}} *Cymoinae {{small|Alcock, 1898}} **''Cymo'' {{small|De Haan, 1833}} *Etisinae {{small|Ortmann, 1893}} **''Etisus'' {{small|H. Milne-Edwards, 1834}} **''Paraetisus'' {{small|Ward, 1933}} *Euxanthinae {{small|Alcock, 1898}} **''Alainodaeus'' {{small|Davie, 1993}} **''Batodaeus'' {{small|Vázquez-Bader & Gracia, 2004}} **''Carpoporus'' {{small|Stimpson, 1871}} **''Cranaothus'' {{small|Ng, 1993}} **''Crosnierius'' {{small|Serène & Vadon, 1981}} **''Danielea'' {{small|Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003}} **''Edwardsium'' {{small|Guinot, 1967}} **''Epistocavea'' {{small|Davie, 1993}} **''Euxanthus'' {{small|Dana, 1851}} **''Gothus'' {{small|Yuan, Jiang, and Sha, 2024}}{{efn|Provisionally placed in Euxanthinae, although its phylogenetic position is unstable.}} **''Guinotellus'' {{small|Serène, 1971}} **''Hepatoporus'' {{small|Serène, 1984}} **''Hypocolpus'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}} **''Jacforus'' {{small|Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003}} **''Ladomedaeus'' {{small|Števčić, 2005}} **''Lipaesthesius'' {{small|Rathbun, 1898}} **''Lipkemedaeus'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}} **''Medaeops'' {{small|Guinot, 1967}} **''Medaeus'' {{small|Dana, 1851}} **''Miersiella'' {{small|Guinot, 1967}} **''Monodaeus'' {{small|Guinot, 1967}} **''Olenothus'' {{small|Ng, 2002}} **''Palatigum'' {{small|Davie, 1997}} **''Paramedaeus'' {{small|Guinot, 1967}} **''Paraxanthodes'' {{small|Guinot, 1968}} **''Pilomedaeus'' {{small|Takeda & Komatsu, 2011}} **''Pleurocolpus'' {{small|Crosnier, 1995}} **''Psaumis'' {{small|Kossmann, 1877}} **''Rizalthus'' {{small|Mendoza & Ng, 2008}} **''Takedax'' {{small|Mendoza & Ng, 2012}} **''Visayax'' {{small|Mendoza & Ng, 2008}} *Glyptoxanthinae {{small|Mendoza & Guinot, 2011}} <ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jose Christopher E. Mendoza |author2=Danièle Guinot |name-list-style=amp |year=2011 |title=Revision of the genus ''Glyptoxanthus'' A. Milne-Edwards, 1879, and establishment of Glyptoxanthinae nov. subfam. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3015 |pages=29–51 |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z03015p051f.pdf |format=PDF excerpt}}</ref> **''Glyptoxanthus'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1879}} *Kraussiinae {{small|Ng, 1993}} **''Garthasia'' {{small|Ng, 1993}} **''Kraussia'' {{small|Dana, 1852}} **''Palapedia'' {{small|Ng, 1993}} *Liomerinae {{small|T. Sakai, 1976}} **''Actiomera'' {{small|Ng, Guinot & Davie, 2008}} **''Bruciana'' {{small|Serène, 1977}} **''Liomera'' {{small|Dana, 1851}} **''Lipkemera'' {{small|Davie, 2010}} **''Neoliomera'' {{small|Odhner, 1925}} **''Neomeria'' † {{small|C.-H. Hu & Tao, 1996}} **''Paraliomera'' {{small|Rathbun, 1930}} *Polydectinae {{small|Dana, 1851}} **''Lybia'' {{small|H. Milne-Edwards, 1834}} **''Polydectus'' {{small|H. Milne-Edwards, 1837}} **''Tunebia'' {{small|Mendoza & Ng, 2011}} *Xanthinae {{small|MacLeay, 1838}} **''Aldrovandiopanope'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}} **''Aristotelopanope'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}} **''Bottoxanthodes'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}} **''Camilohelleria'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}} **''Cataleptodius'' {{small|Guinot, 1968}} **''Coralliope'' {{small|Guinot, 1967}} **''Cycloxanthops'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}} **''Demania'' {{small|Laurie, 1906}} **''Epixanthops'' {{small|Serène, 1984}} **''Eurycassiope'' {{small|Mendoza, 2023}} **''Euryxanthops'' {{small|Garth & Kim, 1983}} **''Gaudichaudia'' {{small|Rathbun, 1930}} **''Guitonia'' {{small|Garth & Iliffe, 1992}} **''Juxtaxanthias'' {{small|Ward, 1942}} **''Lachnopodus'' {{small|Stimpson, 1858}} **''Leptodius'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1863}} **''Liagore'' {{small|De Haan, 1833}} **''Lioxanthodes'' {{small|Calman, 1909}} **''Macromedaeus'' {{small|Ward, 1942}} **''Marratha'' {{small|Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003}} **''Megametope'' {{small|Filhol, 1886}} **''Megamia'' † {{small|Karasawa, 1993}} **''Metaxanthops'' {{small|Serène, 1984}} **''Metopoxantho'' † {{small|De Man, 1904}} **''Neolioxantho'' {{small|Garth & Kim, 1983}} **''Neoxanthias'' {{small|Ward, 1932}} **''Neoxanthops'' {{small|Guinot, 1968}} **''Orphnoxanthus'' {{small|Alcock, 1896}} **''Ovatis'' {{small|Ng & H.-I. Chen, 2004}} **''Palaeoxanthops'' † {{small|Karasawa, 1993}} **''Paraxanthias'' {{small|Odhner, 1925}} **''Paraxanthus'' {{small|Lucas, 1844}} **''Pestoxanthodes'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}} **''Pseudomedaeus'' {{small|Guinot, 1968}} **''Wardoxanthops'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}} **''Williamstimpsonia'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}} **''Xanthias'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}} **''Xantho'' {{small|Leach, 1814}} **''Xanthodius'' {{small|Stimpson, 1859}} *Zosiminae {{small|Alcock, 1898}} **''Atergatis'' {{small|De Haan, 1833}} **''Atergatopsis'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1862}} **''Lophozozymus'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1863}} **''Paratergatis'' {{small|T. Sakai, 1965}} **''Platypodia'' {{small|Bell, 1835}} **''Platypodiella'' {{small|Guinot, 1967}} **''Pulcratis'' {{small|Ng & Huang, 1977}} **''Zosimus'' {{small|Leach, 1818}} **''Zozymodes'' {{small|Heller, 1861}} *''Incertae sedis'' **''Haydnella'' † {{small|Müller, 1984}} **''Nogarolia'' † {{small|Beschin, Busulini, De Angeli & Tessier, 1994}} **''Sculptoplax'' † {{small|Müller & Collins, 1991}} {{div col end}}
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist|32em}}
==External links== *{{Commons category-inline}} *{{Wikispecies-inline}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q648406}} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Crustaceans}}
Category:Xanthidae Category:Xanthoidea Category:Decapod families Category:Taxa named by William Sharp Macleay Category:Long stubs with short prose
{{Xanthoidea-stub}}