{{short description|One of three remaining taxiable Avro Vulcan aircraft}} {{Use British English|date=March 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} {{Infobox aircraft |name = Avro Vulcan XM655 |image = Vulcan-xm655-m1.jpg |caption = Avro Vulcan XM655 preserved at Wellesbourne Mountford Airfield in 2008 |type = Avro Vulcan B.2 |manufacturer = Avro |other_names = |construction_number = |construction_date = |civil_registration = G-VULC<br>N655AV<br>(Both expired) |military_serial = XM655 |first_flight = 1964 |last_flight = 11 February 1984 |flights = |total_hours = 5,744 |total_distance = |status = Preserved in taxiable condition |preservation = Wellesbourne Mountford Airfield, England }}

'''Avro Vulcan XM655''' is one of three remaining taxiable Avro Vulcan strategic bombers, the other two being XH558 and XL426. XM655 is currently owned by Wellesbourne Mountford Airfield and has been maintained by the 655 Maintenance & Preservation Society since 1998,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n5pICgAAQBAJ|title=Vulcan Boys: From the Cold War to the Falklands: True Tales of the Iconic Delta V Bomber|last=Blackman|first=Tony|date=2015-07-19|publisher=Grub Street Publishing|isbn=978-1-909808-08-9|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|205}} who keep the aircraft in a taxiable condition.

==History== XM655 was completed on 19 November 1964{{sfn|Bulman|Ranshaw|2014|p=4}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCX5DQAAQBAJ|title=The Avro Vulcan: A History|last=Dancey|first=Peter G.|date=2017-01-24|publisher=Fonthill Media|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|208}} and was the antepenultimate Vulcan to be built.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://xm655.com/history/|title=The History of XM655 {{!}} XM655 Maintenance and Preservation Society|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=en-GB|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131171247/https://xm655.com/history/|archive-date=2020-01-31|access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref> It is the youngest surviving example<ref name=":0" /> and the only operable Avro Vulcan with the more powerful Bristol Olympus 301 engines. Commissioned at RAF Cottesmore in 1964, XM655 initially flew with Nos. 9, 12 and 35 Squadrons<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/results/r?_srt=3&_cr=AIR+28%2F1568%7CAIR+28%2F1783%7CAIR+28%2F1782&_dss=range&_ro=any&_st=adv|title=RAF Cottesmore Operations Record Books {{!}} The National Archives|last=|first=|date=|publisher=The National Archives|year=|isbn=|series=Air Ministry and Ministry of Defence: Operations Record Books, Royal Air Force Stations|location=|pages=|id=AIR 28/...}}</ref> before moving to the Waddington Wing in 1967 to join Nos. 44, 50 and 101 Squadrons.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/results/r?_aq=WADDINGTON&_cr=AIR%2028&_dss=range&_sd=1967&_ed=1984&_ro=any&_srt=3&_st=adv&_ps=30|title=RAF Waddington Operations Record Books {{!}} The National Archives|last=|first=|date=|publisher=The National Archives|year=|isbn=|series=Air Ministry and Ministry of Defence: Operations Record Books, Royal Air Force Stations|location=|pages=|id=AIR 28/...}}</ref>

===After service=== In 1984, XM655 was sold to businessman Roy Jacobsen of Croydon,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yellowad.co.uk/article.cfm?id=50&headline=Anniversary%20celebrations&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2012|title=Anniversary celebrations {{!}} News {{!}} Yellow Advertiser|last=|first=|date=2012-01-12|website=Yellow Advertiser|language=en-GB|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229034804/https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Roy+Jacobsen%22+%22Yellow+Advertiser%22|archive-date=2020-02-29|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref> who intended to keep it airworthy, but the costs proved prohibitive, and the runway was too short for it to take off, so XM655 was left to deteriorate.<ref name=":0" /> Title of XM655 then passed to Radarmoor Ltd, the operating company of Wellesbourne Mountford Airfield, and the aircraft was registered in their name in January 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://siteapps.caa.co.uk/g-info/|title=G-INFO search {{!}} Civil Aviation Authority|last=|first=|date=|website=siteapps.caa.co.uk|at=Use the search term "VULC".|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref>

After restoration work, XM655 made its first public taxi run at Wellesbourne Mountford Airfield on 16 February 1997, with another two runs later that year. Since then, XM655 made more or less annual public taxi runs, usually in June, as part of the Wellesbourne Wings and Wheels show, until 2016. At various of these events, the display of XM655 has been accompanied by flypasts by the BBMF, the Red Arrows and Avro Vulcan XH558. Events in 2017 and subsequent years were prevented by airfield development issues, and an event planned for 21 June 2020 was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xm655.com/comingevents/|title=Coming Events {{!}} XM655 Maintenance and Preservation Society|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=2020-04-05}}</ref>

XM655 was also used by the crews of XH558 as required for currency and ground training.

==Media appearances== XM655 has appeared in several video documentaries about the Vulcan, Falklands operations and the Royal Air Force. Usually it has been used as a stand-in for the activities that cannot be filmed at the sites or on the aircraft featured.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}

{| class=wikitable ! Programme ! Company |- | ''Falklands War: Last Raid of the Nuclear Vulcans'' | BBC Military and War Documentary |- | ''Falklands' Most Daring Raid'' | Darlow Smithson Productions - Channel 4 |- | ''Guy Martin: The Last Flight of the Vulcan Bomber'' | North One Television - Channel 4 |- | ''RAF at 100 with Ewan and Colin McGregor'' | Lion Television - BBC |- | ''The Vulcan - RAF's 100 top Warplanes'' | Forces TV |- | ''Portillo's Hidden History of Britain - Countdown to WW3'' | Transparent Television, Argonon, for Channel 5 Television |}

==Operators== ;{{UK}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xm655.com/history.php|title=XM655 History|accessdate=2008-09-03}}</ref> *Royal Air Force **No. 9 Squadron RAF **No. 12 Squadron RAF **No. 35 Squadron RAF **No. 44 Squadron RAF **No. 50 Squadron RAF **No. 101 Squadron RAF *XM655 Maintenance and Preservation Society

==Accidents and incidents== On Friday 16 September 2022, XM655 suffered a runway excursion at Wellesbourne Mountford Airfield when performing a ground run as practice for the following Sunday's public show. This was due to a faulty air speed indicator, which resulted in the aircraft remaining at full power for approximately two&nbsp;seconds longer than intended. This resulted in excessive speed and less distance in which to stop, and the aircraft passed beyond the end of the runway&nbsp;– stopping in soft ground just before the airfield perimeter which borders the B4086. The air speed indicator had been tested and found satisfactory six days before the incident, and started to work normally before the end of the run. The aircraft's brakes worked properly, but were unable to bring the aircraft to a stop with the reduced distance available.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sutherland|first=Gill|date=16 September 2022|title=Wellesbourne's famous Vulcan bomber nearly hits Stratford Road after slipping off airfield runway|url=https://www.stratford-herald.com/news/when-the-runway-runs-out-9274426/|website=Stratford Herald|publisher=Stratford News and Media Limited|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=XM655 Maintenance and Preservation Society|url=https://xm655.com/|website=XM655.com|access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref>

==See also== * Avro Vulcan XH558 * Avro Vulcan XL426

==References== {{Reflist}} *{{cite book |last1=Bulman|first1=Craig|last2=Ranshaw|first2=Eric|title=The Service History of Avro Vulcan B.Mk2 XM655|year=2014 |publisher=XM655 Maintenance and Preservation Society|location=Wellesbourne, UK}}

==External links== {{Commons category|XM655 (aircraft)}} *[https://www.facebook.com/avrovulcanxm655/ Official Facebook page of the XM655 Maintenance and Preservation Society] *[http://www.xm655.com/index.php Official website of the XM655 Maintenance and Preservation Society]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avro Vulcan Xm655}} Category:Individual aircraft XM655