{{Short description|Martensitic stainless steel type}} {{prose|date=September 2018}}
'''X46Cr13''' is the European Norm name for a common martensitic stainless steel with the numeric name '''1.4034'''. It is equivalent to American Iron and Steel Institute standard '''420C''' (also known as 420HC). It has the highest carbon content of the '''SAE 420''' series.<ref>[http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/Euro_Inox/Tables_TechnicalProperties_EN.pdf Stainless steels, table of technical properties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329013345/http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/Euro_Inox/Tables_TechnicalProperties_EN.pdf |date=2018-03-29 }} Euro Inox</ref><ref>[https://www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=606 Stainless Steel Grades Datasheets] BRITISH STAINLESS STEEL ASSOCIATION</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sae.org/standards/content/ams5506g/|title=AMS5506G: Steel, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 13Cr (0.30 - 0.40C) (420) Annealed - SAE International|website=www.sae.org}}</ref>
== Properties == X46Cr13 has good workability when hot, and potential to reach high hardness of up to 56 HRC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lucefin.com/wp-content/files_mf/1.4034a420c25.pdf|title=Lucefin's 1.4034 datasheet|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zknives.com/knives/steels/x46cr13.shtml|title=DIN X46Cr13 Knife Steel Composition Analysis Graph, Equivalents And Overview Version 4.35|last=Zvi|website=www.zknives.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> It contains a moderately high carbon ratio of approximately 0.46% which gives it a good compromise between high hardness and corrosion resistance for many applications.<ref>[https://store.nace.org/comparison-between-x5crnicunb16-and-x46cr13-under-corrosion-fatigue Comparison between X5CrNiCuNb16 and X46Cr13 under Corrosion Fatigue]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Marcus Wolf</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T508_WFLasEC&dq=X46Cr13&pg=PA109|title=Air Pollution XVIII|first1=C. A.|last1=Brebbia|first2=J. W. S.|last2=Longhurst|date=26 May 2010|publisher=WIT Press|via=Google Books|isbn=9781845644505}}</ref><ref>[https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=2&article=1143&context=icpns&type=additional Properties that Characterize the Material X46Cr13 Steel] 8nd International Conference on Physical and Numerical Simulation of Materials Processing</ref> It is also relatively inexpensive to produce.
X46Cr13 is a basic steel without molybdenum, nitrogen or vanadium. It can be outperformed (typically at a higher cost) by more advanced steels like N680 with similar carbon content.<ref>[https://www.makeitfrom.com/material-properties/Quenched-and-Tempered-QT800-1.4034-Stainless-Steel X46Cr13 datasheet] Make it from</ref><ref>[https://knifeup.com/how-good-is-n680-steel/ How good is N680 steel] Knife Up</ref>
== Uses == Common uses include:
* knife blades,<ref>[http://zknives.com/knives/steels/x46cr13.shtml X46Cr13 datasheet] ZKnives</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.apergo.2005.12.007 |pmid=16579952 |title=Assessment of knife sharpness by means of a cutting force measuring system |journal=Applied Ergonomics |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=83–89 |year=2007 |last1=Marsot |first1=Jacques |last2=Claudon |first2=Laurent |last3=Jacqmin |first3=Marc }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100024614A1/en|title=Method for cutting or punching ceramic-containing composite materials|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[https://gearjunkie.com/common-knife-blade-steels Knife Blades: Common Steels Explained (under 420 HC)] Gear Junkie</ref><ref>[https://www.knifecenter.com/info/knife-blade-materials Knife Blade Materials (under 420HC)] Knife center</ref><ref>[http://zknives.com/knives/articles/knifesteelfaq.shtml Knife Steel FAQ (under 420HC)] ZKnives</ref> * surgical instruments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kleinmetals.ch/steel/medical-steel/medical-instruments-steel/420-c-instruments-medical-steel.htm|title=420 C Instruments Medical instruments AISI 420 C L.Klein SA|website=www.kleinmetals.ch|access-date=2018-07-25|archive-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720134411/http://www.kleinmetals.ch/steel/medical-steel/medical-instruments-steel/420-c-instruments-medical-steel.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-74658-4_72 |chapter=Surgical Scissors |title=Springer Handbook of Medical Technology |pages=1291–1319 |year=2011 |last1=Haag |first1=Reiner |last2=Storz |first2=Wilfried |isbn=978-3-540-74657-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Radulescu |first1=Radu |last2=Badila |first2=Adrian |last3=Moldovan |first3=Laurentiu |last4=Gheorghiu |first4=Doina |last5=Manolescu |first5=Robert |year=2013 |title=Design, Manufacturing and Testing of a Mosaicplasty Set of Instruments |journal=Metalurgia International |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=45–48 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/1f2ae082adbefcb124b8605d3786a573/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=886383 }}</ref><ref>[http://ue.poznan.pl/data/upload/articles/20170918/5c9bbd266079460910/nonfood.pdf#page=153 CURRENT TRENDS IN COMMODITY SCIENCE]</ref> * bearings,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rgpballs.com/en/aisi-420c-stainless-steel-balls/|title=AISI 420C STAINLESS STEEL BALLS|website=www.rgpballs.com}}</ref><ref name="worldstainless.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/ISSF_Martensitic_Stainless_Steels.pdf |title=ISSF : Martensitic Stainless Steels |access-date=2018-07-25 |archive-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619101749/http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/ISSF_Martensitic_Stainless_Steels.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * valves and pumps,<ref name="worldstainless.org" /> * measuring devices * spring wire.<ref>[https://www.jacques-allemann.com/media/wysiwyg/PDF/JAS/werkstoffe/1.4034_EN.pdf 1.4034 steel wire datasheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913040115/https://www.jacques-allemann.com/media/wysiwyg/PDF/JAS/werkstoffe/1.4034_EN.pdf |date=2018-09-13 }} Jacques Allemann</ref>
It is also used in the manufacture of heat treated steel pipes used for CO<sub>2</sub> carbon capture and storage.<ref>{{Cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-37849-2_4 |chapter=Supercritical CO2-Corrosion in Heat Treated Steel Pipes during Carbon Capture and Storage CCS |title=Clean Energy Systems in the Subsurface: Production, Storage and Conversion |pages=39–51 |series=Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering |year=2013 |last1=Pfennig |first1=Anja |last2=Zastrow |first2=Phillip |last3=Kranzmann |first3=Axel |isbn=978-3-642-37848-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.corsci.2012.11.005 |title=Corrosion and corrosion fatigue of AISI 420C (X46Cr13) at 60°C in CO2-saturated artificial geothermal brine |journal=Corrosion Science |volume=68 |pages=134–143 |year=2013 |last1=Pfennig |first1=A. |last2=Wiegand |first2=R. |last3=Wolf |first3=M. |last4=Bork |first4=C.-P. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/NACE-2013-2372 |title=Corrosion Stability of Piping Steels in a Circulating Supercritical Impure CO<sub>2</sub> Environment |first1=Yevtushenko |last1=Oleksandra |first2=Bäßler |last2=Ralph |first3=Carrillo-Salgado |last3=Irene |date=17 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/maco.201307368 |title=Corrosion of CO2transport and injection pipeline steels due to the condensation effects caused by SO2and NO2impurities |journal=Materials and Corrosion |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=334–341 |year=2015 |last1=Yevtushenko |first1=O. |last2=Bettge |first2=D. |last3=Bäßler |first3=R. |last4=Bohraus |first4=S. }}</ref>
A commercial variant of X46Cr13 with some Vanadium is known as 420HC and is used in the knife industry because of its ability to hold a superior edge.<ref>[http://zknives.com/knives/steels/420hc.shtml 420HC datasheet] ZKnives</ref>
An NHTSA recall was issued by Porsche for spherical joints utilized in 2003-2005 Porsche Carrera GT models due to long term intergranular corrosion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Part 573 Safety Recall Report 23V-241 |url=https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2023/RCLRPT-23V241-7631.PDF }}</ref>
== Standards == * EN numeric : 1.4034 * EN symbolic : X46Cr13 * Old AFNOR : Z40C13, Z44C14 * AISI : 420C * ASTM : F899 * UNS : S 42000 * JIS : SUS420 * GOST : 40Ch13 ou 40X13 * {{ill|Polish Standard|lt=PN|pl|Polska Norma}} : 4H13
== Composition == According to EN 10088.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:36733,734440&cs=1CECBA04C98BC8483C3C7D77DB9B2E1EF|title=CEN - Technical Bodies -|website=standards.cen.eu}}</ref>
* Carbon : 0.46 % (–0.03 / +0.04) * Chromium : 13% (–0.5 / +0.5) * Silicium < 1% * Manganese < 1% * Phosphorus < 0.04 % * Sulfur < 0.03 %
== See also == * Steel grades * List of blade materials
== References == <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}}
Category:Stainless steel