{{short description|American geneticist}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Wylie Burke |image = Wylie Burke at HGP10 Symposium.jpg |caption = Burke in 2013 |birth_date =<!-- {{Birth date and age|1954|05|26}} --> |birth_place = Utica, NY<ref name="Ratzel">{{cite journal |last1=Ratzel |first1=Sarah |last2=Cullinan |first2=Sara B. |title=Wylie Burke, M.D., Ph.D., President, American Society of Human Genetics, 2007 |journal = The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=November 3, 2016 |volume=99 |issue=5 |pages=1001–1224 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.007 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |death_date = |death_place = |workplaces = University of Washington, Northwest-Alaska Pharmacogenomics Research Network |field = Genetics |alma_mater = University of Washington }}
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= | audio1 = [https://www.genomealberta.ca/genomics/listen-wylie-burke-on-genomics-precision-medicine-and-healthcare-policy.aspx “Wylie Burke on genomics, precision medicine, and healthcare policy”], podcast, Genome Alberta, July 10, 2015. |video1= [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boDcNenVNHc Risks and Benefits of Genetic Testing], Wylie Burke, University of Washington, November 22, 2013}}
'''Wylie Burke''' is a Professor Emerita and former Chair of the Department of Bioethics and Humanities at the University of Washington and a founding co-director of the Northwest-Alaska Pharmacogenomics Research Network, which partners with underserved populations in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska.
Burke's work focuses on ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic information for research and health care. She is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine and the Association of American Physicians, and a past president of the American Society of Human Genetics.
==Early life and education== Burke attended Brooklyn College, graduating ''summa cum laude'' in 1970. She then studied at the University of Washington, receiving a PhD in Genetics in 1974 and completing her MD with a residency in Internal Medicine.<ref name="Ratzel"/><ref name="Conference">{{cite web |title=2020 Advancing Ethical Research Virtual Conference |url=https://www.eventscribe.net/2020/AER20/fsPopup.asp?Mode=presenterInfo&PresenterID=960132 |website=2020 Advancing Ethical Research Conference |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref> Next she spent several years as a primary care doctor at a community hospital.<ref name="Wylie"/> Burke returned to the University of Washington as a Medical Genetics Fellow from 1981-1982.<ref name="IOM2013">{{cite book |author1=Institute of Medicine |title=The Economics of Genomic Medicine: Workshop Summary |date=20 June 2013 |publisher=National Academies Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-309-26973-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRKfAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 |access-date=7 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
==Career== Burke joined the Department of Medicine at the University of Washington in 1983. She served as the associate director of the Internal Medicine Residency Program from 1988 to 1994 and as the founding director of the Women’s Health Care Center at the University of Washington from 1994-1999. In 2000, she became director of the Department of Medical History and Ethics. It was renamed the Department of Bioethics and Humanities in 2008. Burke stepped down as chair in 2014.<ref name="Ratzel"/><ref name="IOM2013"/>
Burke is now Professor Emerita of the University of Washington. She is also an adjunct professor of medicine and epidemiology and a member of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. The Department of Bioethics & Humanities at the University of Washington has created an endowed scholarship for diversity in her name.<ref name="Endowed">{{cite web |title=2022 Wylie Burke Endowed Scholarship for Diversity! |url=https://depts.washington.edu/bhdept/events-news/2022-wylie-burke-endowed-scholarship-diversity |website=UW Department of Bioethics & Humanities |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref>
Burke was a visiting scientist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1998. She served on the NIH National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research from 1999-2003 and the Department of Health and Human Services Advisory Committee on Genetic Testing from 1999-2002.<ref name="Cowan"/> Burke was the founding Principal Investigator of the University of Washington's Center for Genomics and Healthcare Equality from 2004–2017, one of the NIH Centers of Excellence in Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) Research, which were funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute.<ref name="Wylie">{{cite journal |last1=Burke |first1=Wylie |title=Utility and Diversity: Challenges for Genomic Medicine |journal=Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics |date=31 August 2021 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1146/annurev-genom-120220-082640 |pmid=33792358 |s2cid=232483454 |issn=1527-8204|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Foster"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Wylie Burke, MD, PhD |url=https://depts.washington.edu/bhdept/wylie-burke-md-phd |website=UW Department of Bioethics & Humanities |access-date=7 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Herndon">{{cite news |last1=Herndon |first1=Megan |title=UW Ph.D. candidates working to include indigenous voices in genomic research |url=https://www.dailyuw.com/news/uw-ph-d-candidates-working-to-include-indigenous-voices-in-genomic-research/article_32805b3e-8cef-11e5-b217-afd868591324.html |access-date=7 February 2022 |work=The Daily of the University of Washington |date=November 16, 2015 |language=en}}</ref> She served on the National Academies' Committee on the Return of Individual-Specific Results Generated in Research Laboratories, which released a report in 2018 recommending guidelines for researchers and institutions.<ref name="Report">{{cite news |title=New Report Says Individual Research Results Should Be Shared With Participants More Often; Recommends Framework for Decision-Making |url=https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2018/07/new-report-says-individual-research-results-should-be-shared-with-participants-more-often-recommends-framework-for-decision-making |access-date=8 February 2022 |work=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |date=July 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Returning Individual Research Results to Participants: Guidance for a New Research Paradigm |url=https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25094/returning-individual-research-results-to-participants-guidance-for-a-new |website=The National Academies Press |access-date=8 February 2022 |language=English |date=2018|isbn=9780309475174 |last1=Division |first1=Health Medicine |publisher=National Academies Press }}</ref>
Burke is a founding co-director with Ken Thummel of the Northwest-Alaska Pharmacogenomics Research Network.<ref name="Alaska"/> The network was formed in 2009 as a research partnership between tribal organizations and universities<ref name="Wylie"/> to study pharmacogenomics in rural and underserved populations in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska.<ref name="Alaska">{{cite journal |title=CANHR researchers team up to study drug/gene interaction |url=https://canhr.uaf.edu/files/1514/4294/9221/canhr_newsletter2011v8_no1.pdf |access-date=7 February 2022 |journal=News from the Center for Alaska Native Health Research |date=2011 |volume= 8|issue= 1}}</ref><ref name="Pharmacy">{{cite web |title=Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN) |url=https://sop.washington.edu/department-of-pharmaceutics/research/northwest-alaska-pharmacogenomics-research-network-pgrn/ |website=School of Pharmacy |publisher=University of Washington |access-date=7 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Parent Project Number 5P01GM116691-05 |url=https://reporter.nih.gov/search/WN0OriNRF0Sn3yyogXoO2w/project-details/9985861 |website=NIH Reporter |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Morales">{{cite journal |last1=Morales |first1=Chelsea T. |last2=Muzquiz |first2=LeeAnna I. |last3=Howlett |first3=Kevin |last4=Azure |first4=Bernie |last5=Bodnar |first5=Brenda |last6=Finley |first6=Vernon |last7=Incashola |first7=Tony |last8=Mathias |first8=Cheryl |last9=Laukes |first9=Cindi |last10=Beatty |first10=Patrick |last11=Burke |first11=Wylie |last12=Pershouse |first12=Mark A. |last13=Putnam |first13=Elizabeth A. |last14=Trinidad |first14=Susan Brown |last15=James |first15=Rosalina |last16=Woodahl |first16=Erica L. |title=Partnership with the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes: Establishing an Advisory Committee for Pharmacogenetic Research |journal=Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action |date=2016 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=169–170 |doi=10.1353/cpr.2016.0029 |pmid=27346761 |pmc=5850964 |issn=1557-0541}}</ref> It received funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).<ref name="Funding">{{cite news |title=Improving Care for Alaska Native People |url=https://sop.washington.edu/improving-care-for-alaska-native-people/ |access-date=8 February 2022 |work=University of Washington, School of Pharmacy |date=13 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are disproportionately likely to be designated as medically underserved, as a result of lower availability of primary care physicians and higher than average percentages for infant mortality, incomes below the poverty level, and people 65 years or older.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Woodahl |first1=Erica L |last2=Lesko |first2=Lawrence J |last3=Hopkins |first3=Scarlett |last4=Robinson |first4=Renee F |last5=Thummel |first5=Kenneth E |last6=Burke |first6=Wylie |title=Pharmacogenetic research in partnership with American Indian and Alaska Native communities |journal=Pharmacogenomics |date=2014 |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=1235–1241 |doi=10.2217/pgs.14.91 |pmid=25141898 |pmc=4201360 |issn=1462-2416}}</ref> Current university partners include the University of Washington, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the Oregon Health & Science University, and the University of Montana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Northwest-Alaska Pharmacogenetic Research Network |url=https://www.washington.edu/research/research-centers/northwest-alaska-pharmacogenetic-research-network/ |website=UW Research |access-date=8 February 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref>
Burke has been an international fellow at the National Health Service in Cambridge, United Kingdom.<ref name="NAP2014">{{cite book |author=National Research Council |title=Issues in returning individual results from genome research using population-based banked specimens, with a focus on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey : workshop summary |date=2014 |publisher=The National Academies Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-309-30704-8 |url=https://www.nap.edu/read/18829/chapter/15|chapter=Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee Members and Presenters |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref> Burke was director of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) from 2002 to 2004 and a member of its Social Issues Committee from 2004 to 2006. In 2007 she served as ASHG President.<ref name="Ratzel"/><ref name="Burke">{{cite journal |last1=Burke |first1=Wylie |title=ASHG Presidential Address: Who Is under the Umbrella—and Why Are We Here? |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=May 2008 |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=1029–1031 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.010 |pmid=20529637 |pmc=2427266 |url=https://www.cell.com/ajhg/pdf/S0002-9297(08)00270-X.pdf |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref>
==Research== Burke examines the ethical, legal, and social implications of human genetics. She is particularly concerned with the translation of novel genomic technologies from their development in the lab to their use in the health system and community.<ref name="UCSF"/> She is regarded as a national leader in ethics and policy dealing with human genome research, addressing fundamental and difficult questions with respect for those involved.<ref name="Foster"/>
Among the issues of concern to Burke are clinical utility — what genetic information will be of help to a particular patient, how can this be determined, and are there potential harms to a patient? — and equity — are interventions which have clinical utility available to all who can benefit from it? Are diverse populations and individuals being taken into account?<ref name="Wylie"/>
==Awards== * 2021, Victor A. McKusick Leadership Award, American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG)<ref name="Foster">{{cite news |last1=Foster |first1=Krystal |title=ASHG Honors Wylie Burke, MD, PhD with the 2021 Victor A. McKusick Leadership Award |url=https://www.ashg.org/publications-news/press-releases/202107-leadership-award/ |access-date=7 February 2022 |work=American Society of Human Genetics |date=12 July 2021}}</ref> * 2016, Cowan Memorial Lecturer, University of Utah<ref name="Cowan">{{cite web |title=2016 Cowan Memorial Lectureships with Wylie Burke, MD, PhD |url=https://uofuhealth.utah.edu/education/svp-office/cheetah/news/2016/ |website=School of Medicine, University of Utah |access-date=7 February 2022|date=March 11, 2016}}</ref> * 2013-2014, Presidential Chair, University of California, San Francisco<ref name="UCSF">{{cite web |title=Wylie Burke Named UCSF Presidential Chair |url=https://nursing.ucsf.edu/news/wylie-burke-named-ucsf-presidential-chair |website=UCSF School of Nursing |access-date=7 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * 2007, Member, Institute of Medicine (now National Academy of Medicine)<ref>{{cite web |title=National Academy of Medicine (formerly Institute of Medicine) |url=https://www.washington.edu/research/or/honors-and-awards/national-academy-of-medicine-formerly-institute-of-medicine/ |website=UW Research |access-date=7 February 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> * 2006, NHS International Fellow, Public Health Genetics Unit, Cambridge UK * Member, Association of American Physicians
==Publications== * {{cite journal |last1=Burke |first1=Wylie |title=Utility and Diversity: Challenges for Genomic Medicine |journal=Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics |date=31 August 2021 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1146/annurev-genom-120220-082640 |pmid=33792358 |s2cid=232483454 |issn=1527-8204|doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Dorfman |first1=Elizabeth H |last2=Trinidad |first2=Susan Brown |last3=Morales |first3=Chelsea T |last4=Howlett |first4=Kevin |last5=Burke |first5=Wylie |last6=Woodahl |first6=Erica L |title=Pharmacogenomics in diverse practice settings: implementation beyond major metropolitan areas |journal=Pharmacogenomics |date=2015 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.2217/pgs.14.174 |pmid=25712186 |pmc=4360986 |issn=1462-2416}} * {{cite journal |last1=James |first1=Rosalina |last2=Tsosie |first2=Rebecca |last3=Sahota |first3=Puneet |last4=Parker |first4=Myra |last5=Dillard |first5=Denise |last6=Sylvester |first6=Ileen |last7=Lewis |first7=John |last8=Klejka |first8=Joseph |last9=Muzquiz |first9=LeeAnna |last10=Olsen |first10=Polly |last11=Whitener |first11=Ron |last12=Burke |first12=Wylie |title=Exploring pathways to trust: a tribal perspective on data sharing |journal=Genetics in Medicine |date=1 November 2014 |volume=16 |issue=11 |pages=820–826 |doi=10.1038/gim.2014.47 |pmid=24830328 |pmc=4224626 |language=English |issn=1098-3600}} * {{cite journal |last1=Burke |first1=Wylie |last2=Korngiebel |first2=Diane M. |title=Closing the Gap between Knowledge and Clinical Application: Challenges for Genomic Translation |journal=PLOS Genetics |date=26 February 2015 |volume=11 |issue=2 |article-number=e1004978 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004978 |pmid=25719903 |pmc=4342348 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=James |last2=Hopper |first2=Kim |last3=Wexler |first3=Lisa |last4=Kral |first4=Michael |last5=Rasmus |first5=Stacy |last6=Nystad |first6=Kristine |title=Mapping resilience pathways of Indigenous youth in five circumpolar communities |journal=Transcultural Psychiatry |date=21 August 2013 |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=601–631 |doi=10.1177/1363461513497232 |pmid=23965730 |pmc=4065853 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461513497232 |issn=1363-4615}} * {{cite journal |last1=Fullerton |first1=S. M. |last2=Knerr |first2=S. |last3=Burke |first3=W. |title=Finding a place for genomics in health disparities research |journal=Public Health Genomics |date=2012 |volume=15 |issue=3–4 |pages=156–163 |doi=10.1159/000334717 |pmid=22488458 |pmc=3685214 |issn=1662-8063}} * {{cite book |editor-first1=Wylie |editor-last1=Burke |editor-first2=Kelly A. |editor-last2=Edwards|editor-first3=Sara |editor-last3=Goering |editor-first4=Suzanne |editor-last4=Holland |editor-first5=Susan |editor-last5=Brown Trinidad |title=Achieving justice in genomic translation : re-thinking the pathway to benefit |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |location=Oxford |isbn=9780195390384 |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/achieving-justice-in-genomic-translation-9780195390384?cc=us&lang=en&}} * {{cite journal |last1=McGuire |first1=Amy L. |last2=Evans |first2=Barbara J. |last3=Caulfield |first3=Timothy |last4=Burke |first4=Wylie |title=Regulating Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genome Testing |journal=Science |date=8 October 2010 |volume=330 |issue=6001 |pages=181–182 |doi=10.1126/science.1194006|pmid=20929761 |s2cid=206528371 }} * {{cite book |last1=Khoury |first1=Muin J. |last2=Burke |first2=Wylie |last3=Thomson |first3=Elizabeth |title=Genetics and public health in the 21st century : using genetic information to improve health and prevent disease |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780195128307}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Burke, Wylie}} Category:Living people Category:University of Washington faculty Category:University of Washington alumni Category:American geneticists Category:American ethicists Category:American women geneticists Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine Category:Brooklyn College alumni Category:20th-century American women medical doctors Category:20th-century American medical doctors Category:People from Utica, New York Category:Year of birth missing (living people)