{{Short description|Radial piston plane engine series}} {{infobox aero engine |name= Wright Cyclone series |image= {{multiple image |perrow=2 |total_width=300 |align=center |image_style=border:none; | image1 = Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7.jpg | image2 = Duxford Military Vehicles Day and MAFVA Nationals 2012. (7425604194).jpg | image3 = Wright R-2600 1.jpg | image4 = Wright 3350-23 Duplex Cyclone, National Museum of the US Air Force, Dayton, Ohio, USA. (44831148351).jpg | image5 = | image6 = | image7 = | image8 = | image9 = }} |caption= R-1300, R-1820, R-2600 and R-3350 |engine_type= [[Radial engine]] series |manufacturer= [[Wright Aeronautical]] |national_origin= United States |first_run= |major_applications= |number_built = |developed_from = |developed_into = |variants_with_their_own_articles = }} '''Wright Cyclone''' was the name given to a family of air-cooled [[Radial engine|radial piston engine]]s designed by the [[Wright Aeronautical Corporation]] and used in numerous [[United States|American]] aircraft in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s.
==Background== The [[Wright Aeronautical Corporation]] was formed in 1919, initially to develop liquid-cooled [[Hispano-Suiza 8|Hispano-Suiza V8]] engines under license.{{sfn|White|1995|p=319}} In 1923 Wright purchased the [[Lawrance Aero Engine Company]], and [[Charles Lawrance]] came to Wright as the Vice-President.{{sfn|White|1995|p=319}} Later that year the [[US Navy]] awarded Wright a contract to develop two new air-cooled radial engines. The first, called the P-1, was a 9-cylinder single row design of {{cvt|1652|cuin|L}} displacement that was derived from an earlier Lawrence design, it produced {{cvt|400|hp|kW}}.{{sfn|Gunston|1986|p=175}} The second, the P-2, had the same {{cvt|1652|cuin|L}} displacement as the P-1, but was an improved design that produced {{cvt|435|hp|kW}}.{{sfn|Gunston|1986|p=175}} Neither engine entered production, with the Navy selecting the superior [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp]], so in 1926 work started on the improved {{cvt|1750|cuin|L}} design, which became the R-1750 Cyclone.{{sfn|White|1995|p=324}}
==Cyclone family== '''[[Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7|R-1300 Cyclone 7]]''' (1942){{sfn|Gunston|1986|p=176}}{{sfn|Smith|1986|p=129}} * 7-cylinder single row air cooled radial * Bore x stroke: {{cvt|6+1/8|x|6+5/16|in|mm|0}} * Displacement: {{cvt|1301|cuin|L}} * Power output: {{cvt|800|hp|kW}}
'''R-1750 Cyclone''' (1926){{sfn|Gunston|1986|p=175}}{{sfn|Smith|1986|p=125}}{{sfn|White|1995|p=324}} * 9-cylinder single row air cooled radial * Bore x stroke: {{cvt|6|x|6+7/8|in|mm|0}} * Displacement: {{cvt|1750|cuin|L}} * Power output: {{cvt|500|-|525|hp|kW}}
'''[[Wright R-1820 Cyclone|R-1820 Cyclone]]''' (1932){{sfn|Gunston|1986|pp=175-176}}{{sfn|Smith|1986|pp=125-126}}{{sfn|White|1995|pp=324-331}} * 9-cylinder single row air cooled radial * Bore x stroke: {{cvt|6+1/8|x|6+7/8|in|mm|0}} * Displacement: {{cvt|1823|cuin|L}} * Power output: {{cvt|575|-|1525|hp|kW}}
'''[[Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone|R-2600 Cyclone 14 (Twin Cyclone)]]''' (1935){{sfn|Gunston|1986|pp=176-177}}{{sfn|White|1995|pp=341-346}} * 14-cylinder two row air cooled radial * Bore x stroke: {{cvt|6+1/8|x|6+5/16|in|mm|0}} * Displacement: {{cvt|2603|cuin|L}} * Power output: {{cvt|1400|-|1900|hp|kW}}
'''[[Wright R-3350 Cyclone 18|R-3350 Cyclone 18 (Duplex Cyclone)]]''' (1937){{sfn|Gunston|1986|pp=176-177}}{{sfn|White|1995|pp=356-365}} * 18-cylinder two row air cooled radial * Bore x stroke: {{cvt|6+1/8|x|6+5/16|in|mm|0}} * Displacement: {{cvt|3347|cuin|L}} * Power output: {{cvt|1800|-|2800|hp|kW}}
'''[[Wright R-4090 Cyclone 22|R-4090 Cyclone 22]]'''{{sfn|White|2006|p=22}} * 22-cylinder two row air cooled radial * Bore x stroke: {{cvt|6+1/8|x|6+5/16|in|mm|0}} * Displacement: {{cvt|4090|cuin|L}}
Note: the designations refer to the [[engine configuration]]s as follows: "R" = [[Radial engine|Radial]], followed by the approximate [[Engine displacement|displacement]] in [[cubic inch]]es.
==See also== * [[Pratt & Whitney Wasp series]] – contemporary competing line of engines * [[Wright Whirlwind series]] – contemporary smaller displacement line of engines
==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist}}
===Bibliography=== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Gunston |first=Bill |author-link=Bill Gunston |date=1986 |title=World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines |location=Wellingborough, Northamptonshire |publisher=Patrick Stephens Limited |isbn=0-85059-717-X }} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Herschel |date=1986 |title=Aircraft Piston Engines: From the Manly Balzer to the Continental Tiara |edition=Corrected |location=Manhattan, Kansas |publisher=Sunflower University Press |isbn=0-07-058472-9}} * {{cite book |last=White |first=Graham |date=1995 |title=Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II |location=Warrendale, Pennsylvania |publisher=Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc |isbn=1-56091-655-9 }} * {{cite book |last=White |first=Graham |date=2006 |title=R-4360: Pratt & Whitney's Major Miracle |location=North Branch, Minnesota |publisher=Specialty Press |isbn=978-1-58007-097-3 }} {{refend}}
{{Wright aeroengines}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright Cyclone Series}} [[Category:Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines]] [[Category:1920s aircraft piston engines]] [[Category:Wright aircraft engines|Cyclone series]]