{{Short description|Transport company}} {{outdated|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox rail |gauge={{Track gauge|ussg|allk=on}} |railroad_name=Wisconsin Central Ltd |logo_filename=Wisconsin Central Ltd. logo.png |logo_size=100 |system_map=Wisconsin Central 1998 map.png |map_size=300 |map_caption=System map of Wisconsin Central's trackage in 1998 |image=WC 7510 leads a short manifest train westbound across Michigan's Upper Peninsula.jpg |image_caption=A trio of Wisconsin Central EMD SD45s on the Michigan's Upper Peninsula |marks=WC |length={{convert|2850|mi|abbr=on}} |locale=Wisconsin, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota, Ontario |start_year=1987 |end_year=2001 (Standalone company) 2001-Present (As parent company CN subsidiary Wisconsin Central Ltd.) |hq_city=North Fond du Lac, Wisconsin|successor=Canadian National Railway}}
'''Wisconsin Central Ltd.''' {{reporting mark|WC}} is a railroad subsidiary of Canadian National, operating in Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois and Minnesota in the United States and Ontario in Canada. Its parent '''Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation''' formerly owned or operated railroads in the United States, Canada (Algoma Central Railway), the United Kingdom (English Welsh & Scottish), New Zealand (Tranz Rail), and Australia (Australian Transport Network).
==Overview== [[File:WC 715 EMD GP30.jpg|thumb|left|Wisconsin Central EMD GP30 on display at the National Railroad Museum in Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin]] [[File:Wisconsin Central 2003 GP38-2 Ex-AC.jpg|thumb|Wisconsin Central EMD GP38-2 at Stevens Point, Wisconsin in September 2015]] Wisconsin Central Ltd. (WC) started in US in the mid-1980s using most of the original Wisconsin Central Railway's rights of way and some former Milwaukee Road rights of way after the Soo Line Railroad acquired the Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri and Minnesota holdings of the bankrupt Milwaukee Road and divested its older railway trackage in Wisconsin. In 1993 the Wisconsin Central also acquired the Green Bay and Western Railroad and the Fox River Valley Railroad.
In 1995, Wisconsin Central acquired the {{convert|322|mi|adj=on}} Canadian Algoma Central Railway whose tracks ran north of Sault Saint Marie to Hearst, Ontario. The Algoma Central runs a popular tourist passenger train through the Agawa Canyon and Agawa Canyon Wilderness Park near Lake Superior Provincial Park.
In 1996, Chicago commuter rail agency Metra inaugurated service on the WC's Waukesha Subdivision as the North Central Service.
In 2001, the Wisconsin Central was purchased by Canadian National.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-13 |title=Michigan's Railroad History 1825 - 2014 |url=https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/MDOT/Travel/Mobility/Rail/Michigan-Railroad-History.pdf?rev=0e687838f8a540ae823113f2648e9015 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Michigan Department of Transportation}}</ref> Along with the former Illinois Central Railroad, the former Wisconsin Central became part of Canadian National's United States holdings and its property integrated into the CN system.
At the time of its sale to Canadian National, Wisconsin Central operated over {{convert|2850|mi}} of track in the Great Lakes region. The railroad extended from Chicago into and through Wisconsin to Minneapolis-Saint Paul and Duluth, Minnesota, to Sault Ste Marie, Michigan, and north (through the Algoma Central Railway) to Hearst, Ontario.
In November 2020, as part of celebrations for the 25th anniversary of CN's privatization, the company unveiled a series of locomotives repainted in the schemes of its predecessor and/or subsidiary railroads. GE ET44AC No. 3069 was repainted in the burgundy and yellow livery of Wisconsin Central, along with the logos of that company.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schweitzer |first=Rene |date=November 17, 2020 |title=CN celebrates 25th anniversary of privatization, unveils heritage locomotives |language=en-US |work=Trains |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/cn-celebrates-25th-anniversary-of-privatization-unveils-heritage-locomotives/ |access-date=2025-02-04}}</ref>
==Timeline== * January 10, 1986: The Soo Line, nine days after purchasing the Milwaukee Road, creates the Lake States Transportation Division to operate its mainline between Forest Park, Illinois and Minneapolis, Minnesota. * April 3, 1987: The Soo Line Railroad announces the sale of its Lake States Transportation Division to private investors, forming the new Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation * October 11, 1987: The first WC train runs, from Stevens Point to North Fond du Lac, Wisconsin * May 1991: WC shares begin trading under the ticker symbol WCTC, raising $36.2 million * 1992: ''Railway Age'' names Wisconsin Central the Regional Railroad of the Year * 1993: WC acquires the Fox River Valley Railroad and Green Bay & Western railroads<ref>{{cite web |last1=Watson |first1=Rip |title=WISCONSIN CENTRAL CLOSES DEAL, TAKES OVER FOX VALLEY & WESTERN {{!}} JOC.com |url=https://www.joc.com/wisconsin-central-closes-deal-takes-over-fox-valley-western_19930830.html |website=www.joc.com |publisher=The Journal of Commerce Online |access-date=26 November 2021 |language=en-US |date=August 30, 1993}}</ref> * 1993: A Wisconsin Central-led consortium acquires New Zealand Rail through a new subsidiary, Wisconsin Central International, and renames it Tranz Rail in 1995<ref>WCTC consortium to buy NZ Rail ''Railway Age'' August 1993 page 10</ref> * 1995: WC acquires the Algoma Central Railway through a new subsidiary, Wisconsin Central Canada Holdings<ref>Wisconsin Central acquires Algoma Central ''Railway Age'' March 1995 page 6</ref> * 1995: A WC-led consortium acquires Rail Express Systems in the United Kingdom from the British Railways Board<ref>Confirmed - Wisconsin Central buys Rail express systems ''Rail'' issue 268 December 20, 1995 page 9</ref> * 1996: WC partners with Canadian National (CN) and CSX, inaugurating a new intermodal shipping corridor between the west and east coasts of North America * 1996: The Loadhaul, Mainline Freight and Transrail Freight freight operators in the UK are purchased from the British Railways Board and merged as English Welsh & Scottish (EWS)<ref>Wisconsin Central to add TLF to UK portfolio ''Rail Privatisation News'' issue 21 January 25, 1996 page 1</ref> * March 4, 1996: A Wisconsin Central freight train derails in Weyauwega, Wisconsin; the derailment results in a 16-day evacuation * August 19, 1996: Metra, a commuter railroad agency based in Chicago, inaugurates its North Central Service route on the WC's Waukesha Subdivision. * 1997: EWS acquires Railfreight Distribution in the UK from the British Railways Board and merges it into EWS<ref>EWS the preferred bidder for Railfreight Distribution ''The Railway Magazine'' issue 1151 May 1997 page 12</ref> * 1997: Another WC subsidiary, the Sault Ste. Marie Bridge Company, acquires {{convert|207|mi}} of track from Union Pacific Railroad forming a WC connection between Green Bay, Wisconsin, and Ishpeming, Michigan * 1997: Australian Transport Network (ATN), in which Wisconsin Central owned a one-third stake, purchased Tasrail in Tasmania, six months later ATN acquired the Emu Bay Railway in Tasmania<ref>Here & There ''Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin'' issue 720 October 1997 page 382</ref><ref>ATN Buys Emu Bay ''Tasmanian Rail News'' issue 201 May 1998 page 2</ref> * 1999: ''Railway Age'' names Wisconsin Central president Edward Burkhardt its Railroader of the Year * January 30, 2001: Wisconsin Central and Canadian National announce plans for CN to purchase the former for $800 million and the assumption of $400 million of WC's debt, it is completed on October 9, 2001<ref>Wisconsin Central sold ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' January 31, 2001</ref> * June 28, 2007: Deutsche Bahn announced it had agreed with CN/WC to purchase EWS, subject to receiving regulatory approval,<ref>{{cite web |url = https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmtran/266/266vw08.htm |title = Transport Committee – Written evidence from DB Schenker |publisher = Parliament of the United Kingdom |date = 25 November 2013 |quote = ''DB Schenker is wholly owned by Deutsche Bahn AG'' }}</ref><ref name="db.de">{{cite web |url = http://www.db.de/site/bahn/en/db__group/press/press__information/db__group/070628__acquisition.html |title = Deutsche Bahn plans takeover of EWS and Transfesa |access-date = 28 June 2007 |date = 28 June 2007 |publisher = Deutsche Bahn |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070705181810/http://www.db.de/site/bahn/en/db__group/press/press__information/db__group/070628__acquisition.html |archive-date = 5 July 2007 |url-status = dead }}</ref> in exchange for £309 million.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = EWS sold to German Railways |magazine = The Railway Magazine |issue = 1276 |date = August 2007 |page = 6}}</ref> At the time of the acquisition, EWS had a market share of around 70% in the United Kingdom rail freight sector and had around 5,000 employees.<ref>{{cite news |title = German rail giant confirms £300m deal for EWS shares |first = Alistair |last = Osborne |date = 29 June 2007 |newspaper = The Telegraph |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2811265/German-rail-giant-confirms-300m-deal-for-EWS-shares.html}}</ref> After the transaction was approved by the European Commissioner for Competition,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m4746_20071106_20212_en.pdf |title = Case No COMP/M.4746 – Deutsche Bahn / English Welsh & Scottish Railway Holdings (EWS) |date = 6 November 2007 |publisher = Office for Official Publications of the European Communities}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = Go-ahead for EWS sale to German Railways |magazine = The Railway Magazine |issue = 1281 |date = January 2008 |page = 8}}</ref> the transaction was completed on 13 November 2007.<ref>Annual Accounts for 9 months ended 31 December 2007: English Welsh & Scottish Railway Holdings Limited</ref> * December 21, 2011: Duluth, Winnipeg & Pacific Railway and Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway, also owned by CN, are merged into Wisconsin Central<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/cn-merges-three-us-subsidiaries.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909151826/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/cn-merges-three-us-subsidiaries.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 9, 2012|access-date=4 January 2012|title=CN merges three US subsidiaries|work=Railway Gazette International}}</ref> * January 1, 2013: Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway is merged into Wisconsin Central Ltd indirectly as parent company CN made the acquisition
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.sooline.org Soo Line Historical and Technical Society] * [http://thomas766.fotopic.net/ WC2scale - Wisconsin Central Motive Power Photo Gallery #1] (extensive online photo source of WC Ltd. equipment) * [http://www.railpictures.net/showphotos.php?railroad=Wisconsin%20Central RailPictures.Net] – Photographs of the Wisconsin Central
{{Regional railroads}} {{Wisconsin railroads}} {{Illinois railroads}} {{Canadian National Railway}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Railway companies established in 1987 Category:Canadian National Railway subsidiaries Category:Illinois railroads Category:Michigan railroads Category:Minnesota railroads Category:Wisconsin railroads Category:Railroads in the Chicago metropolitan area Category:Upper Peninsula of Michigan Category:Predecessors of the Canadian National Railway Category:Former regional railroads in the United States Category:Spin-offs of the Canadian Pacific Railway Category:1987 establishments in Wisconsin