{{Short description | American biophysicist, mountaineer, and environmentalist}} {{Infobox person | name = William (Will) E. Siri | image = File:William Siri.jpeg | alt = | caption = William Siri in 1973 | birth_name = | birth_date = January 2, 1919 | birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | death_date = {{death date and age|2004|8|24|1919|1|2}} | death_place = Berkeley, California | nationality = | other_names = | alma_mater = University of Chicago | known_for = | occupation = Biophysicist, mountaineer, environmentalist }}
'''William E. Siri''' (January 2, 1919 – August 24, 2004) was an American biophysicist, mountaineer and environmentalist.
He was born in Audubon, New Jersey where he attended Audubon High School.<ref>Staff. [http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CC&s_site=contracostatimes&p_multi=CC&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1064A0FDB85D62D2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Sierra Club Luminary, Everest Trekker Dies At 85, A Passion For Defending Natural Resources Led Siri To Become A Top Advocate For Bay Area Preservation As 'Save The Bay' President"], ''Contra Costa Times'', September 5, 2004. Accessed December 25, 2013. "Born in Audubon NJ in 1919 Siri was educated at the University of Chicago and later helped design and build atomic bombs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee."</ref>
==Education and scientific career== Siri graduated from the University of Chicago with a bachelor's degree in physics in 1942. He joined the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then called the Radiation Laboratory) in 1943 and spent his entire career there. He was assigned to the Manhattan Project from 1943 to 1945. His post-war scientific work was in the field of nuclear medicine, with an emphasis on the use of radioisotopes to study red blood cells in humans. He edited the ''Handbook of Radioactivity and Tracer Methodology'', published by the Army Air Corps in 1948. He developed an interest in how red blood cells respond to physiological stress, such as exposure to high elevations. He was a member of a research team headed by John H. Lawrence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20040904/ai_n14581175/|title=Renowned climber, scientist Will Siri dies|last=McLellan|first=Dennis|date=September 4, 2004|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=29 December 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
==Mountaineering and polar exploration== In 1954, he led a ten-man Sierra Club expedition that unsuccessfully attempted to climb Makalu. They were turned back by bad weather at 23,000 feet. This was the first American expedition to the Himalaya.
In 1957, he participated in a joint American-British Antarctic expedition which studied the effects of extreme cold on human blood.
He was deputy leader and scientific coordinator of the successful American expedition to Mount Everest in 1963 that put five Americans and a Sherpa on the summit, although Siri himself did not make it to the summit.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830303,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308042422/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830303,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 8, 2008|title=Mountain Climbing: Up to the Gods|date=May 10, 1963|publisher=Time Magazine|accessdate=30 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/200509/climber.asp|title=Career Climber|last=Duane|first=Daniel|date=September–October 2005|publisher=Sierra Magazine|accessdate=30 December 2009}}</ref> About Everest, Siri wrote, "Other mountains share with Everest a history of adventure, glory and tragedy, but only Everest is the highest place on Earth. More than two-thirds of the earth's atmosphere lies below its summit, and for an unacclimatized man without oxygen, the top of the mountain is more endurable than outer space by only two or three minutes. The primitive, often brutal struggle to reach its top is an irresistible challenge to our built-in need for adventure."<ref>{{cite book|last=Hornbein|first=Thomas F.|title=Everest: The West Ridge|publisher=The Mountaineers|location=Seattle, WA|year=1998|pages=16|isbn=0-89886-616-2}}</ref>
==Environmentalism== Siri served on the board of directors of the Sierra Club from 1956 to 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sierraclub.org/history/officers/directors.pdf|title=Roster of Sierra Club Directors|publisher=Sierra Club|accessdate=2009-10-23}}</ref> He served as president of the Sierra Club from 1964 to 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sierraclub.org/history/officers/officers.pdf|title=List of Club Officers|year=2009|publisher=Sierra Club|accessdate=30 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202131407/http://www.sierraclub.org/history/officers/officers.pdf|archive-date=2008-12-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was the winner of the Sierra Club's Francis P. Farquhar Mountaineering Award for 1979.<ref>[http://www.sierraclub.org/awards/downloads/award_sr.pdf] Sierra Club Awards - List by Award</ref>
==Death== Siri died of pneumonia at his home in Berkeley, California after suffering from Alzheimer's disease for a decade.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/William-Siri-physics-researcher-who-climbed-2698447.php|title=William Siri - physics researcher who climbed mountains|last=Fagan|first=Kevin|date=August 27, 2004|publisher=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=29 December 2009}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Siri, William}} Category:1919 births Category:2004 deaths Category:American mountain climbers Category:Audubon High School (New Jersey) alumni Category:Sierra Club directors Category:Deaths from pneumonia in California Category:Deaths from Alzheimer's disease in California Category:People from Audubon, New Jersey Category:Scientists from Philadelphia Category:University of Chicago alumni Category:American biophysicists Category:Sierra Club awardees Category:20th-century American physicists Category:Activists from Berkeley, California Category:Scientists from Berkeley, California Category:Activists from Philadelphia