{{short description|Australian lawyer and academic}} {{other people|William Moore}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}} {{Use Australian English|date=June 2014}} [[File:William Harrison Moore.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Moore pictured in his office in the Melbourne University Law School, circa 1916.]]

'''Sir William Harrison Moore''' [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] [[Order of St Michael and St George|CMG]] (30 April 1867 – 1 July 1935), usually known as '''Harrison Moore''' or '''W. Harrison Moore''', was an Australian lawyer and academic who was a [[professor]] at the [[University of Melbourne]] and the third [[dean (education)|dean]] of the [[Melbourne University Law School]].

==Early life and education==

Moore was born in [[London]], [[England]] in 1867, the son of printer John Moore and of Jane Dorothy Moore, née Smith. Moore left school at the age of 17, and worked as a [[journalist]] in the gallery at the [[British House of Commons]]. With the help of the Barstow law [[scholarship]] from the Council of Legal Education, Moore gained entry at [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] in 1887, and was also admitted to the [[Middle Temple]]. In 1891 Moore graduated from Cambridge with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree, and from the [[University of London]] with a [[Bachelor of Laws]], winning both the George Long prize and the Chancellor's medal from King's College.<ref>{{acad|id=MR887WH|name=Moore, William Harrison}}</ref><ref name="scl obituary">{{cite journal | author=C. E. A. B. | title = William Harrison Moore | journal = [[Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law]] | volume = 17 (third series) | issue = 4 | pages = 161–162 | publisher = [[Society of Comparative Legislation]] | year = 1935 }}</ref>

He was admitted to the [[barristers in England and Wales|English bar]] by the [[Middle Temple]] later that year. He read under [[Thomas Edward Scrutton]] (a future Judge of the [[Court of Appeal of England and Wales|Court of Appeal]]), and intended to practise in the area of commercial law, but his poor health forced him to move to Australia, seeking a better climate.<ref name="scl obituary" />

==Melbourne University Law School==

Moore moved to [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] in 1892, having been appointed as the third [[dean (education)|Dean]] of the [[Melbourne University Law School|Law School]] of the [[University of Melbourne]], succeeding [[Edward Jenks]]. Moore was somewhat controversial as a new dean, proposing that [[Roman law]] (a strong influence on the [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]] system predominant in [[Europe]], but less important to the [[common law]] system in Australia) no longer be taught at the University, and the removal of legal procedure as a separate [[undergraduate]] course.<ref name="adb">{{cite journal | last = Re | first = Loretta | title = Moore, Sir William Harrison (1867 - 1935) | journal = Australian Dictionary of Biography | volume = 10 | pages = 573–575 | publisher = [[Melbourne University Press]] | year = 1986 | url = https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/moore-sir-william-harrison-7645 | isbn = 0-522-84327-1 | access-date = 2007-02-08 }}</ref>

The Law School under Moore opened its doors to practising lawyers in addition to academics, visiting lecturers in the year of 1908 including people such as [[High Court of Australia|High Court]] Justice [[H. B. Higgins]], [[Chief Justice of Victoria]] Sir [[John Madden (jurist)|John Madden]], and judge of the [[Supreme Court of Victoria]] [[Leo Cussen]].<ref name="dixon">{{cite book | last = Ayres | first = Philip | title = Owen Dixon | publisher = [[The Miegunyah Press]] | year = 2003 | location = [[Carlton, Victoria]] | pages = 400 | isbn = 0-522-85045-6 }}</ref> The School, located then in what is now known as the "Old Law" building, struggled for room and resources, Moore having to contribute some of his personal library for the use of students, and some lectures having to be held in the Supreme Court building in the city.<ref name="dixon" />

==Notable students==

Moore's students at the University included future [[Chief Justice of Australia]] [[Owen Dixon]], future [[Prime Minister of Australia]] [[Robert Menzies]] and historian [[Sir (William) Keith Hancock|Keith Hancock]]. Dixon described Moore as having "a gentle manner, learning infused with the true spirit of liberalism, a complete grasp of legal principle to the exclusion of all that was mere dogma and a lively interest in constitutional and legal development."<ref name="dixon" /> Hancock regarded Moore's lectures, which mixed elements of political philosophy and legal history with the teaching of the law, as "the best course that I have ever known at any of my many universities."<ref name="adb" />

[[File:Moore & Scott.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Moore (right) and [[Ernest Scott]] photographed in the Quadrangle of the Old Law building, University of Melbourne, circa 1914-1918.]]

==Federation of Australia==

Moore was an enthusiastic supporter of [[Federation of Australia|Federation]]. Following the [[Corowa Conference]] he soon became an expert on the various draft constitutions, and by the time of the [[Constitutional Convention (Australia)|Second Constitutional Convention]] in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]] in 1897, Moore had become "an acknowledged authority on the drafts and was used as a human reference library by convention members."<ref name="adb" /> Moore was respected by his students as an expert without parallel in [[federalism]], not only for his mastery of the material but for his dedication to learning the theories which were largely unknown to him before coming to Australia; federalism being a crucial part of the legal systems in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] but not part of a Cambridge legal education.<ref name="dixon" /> In 1902 he published his first major work, ''The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia'',<ref name="constitution">{{cite book | last = Moore | first = William Harrison | title = The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia | url = https://archive.org/details/cu31924024295291 | publisher = John Murray | year = 1902 | location = [[London]], [[England]] | pages = [https://archive.org/details/cu31924024295291/page/n420 395] }}</ref> which was both an examination of the [[Constitution of Australia]] and a history of the Federation movement itself.

==Marriage==

On 10 November 1898, Moore married Edith Eliza à Beckett, daughter of a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria &ndash; and former lecturer at the University of Melbourne &ndash; [[Thomas à Beckett (judge)|Thomas à Beckett]]. Edith was a passionate advocate of [[women's suffrage in Australia]] and helped to found the [[Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne|Queen Victoria Hospital]] in central Melbourne.<ref name="adb" />

==Later career==

In 1899, Moore prepared a report for the University calling for greater practical involvement with the business community, in addition to the formal and theoretical elements of the curriculum, which, despite not being immediately adopted, formed the basis for the University's commerce degree when it was introduced in 1925.<ref name="adb" /> Moore published several more books in the early 1900s, including ''Imperial and Local Taxation'' in 1902 and ''The Act of State in Relation to English Law''<ref name="act of state">{{cite book | last = Moore | first = William Harrison | title = The Act of State in Relation to English Law | publisher = John Murray | year = 1906 | location = [[London]], [[England]] }}</ref> in 1906.

From 1907 to 1910, Moore served as an official adviser on constitutional matters to the [[Government of Victoria]], serving under [[Premiers of Victoria|Premiers]] Sir [[Thomas Bent]] and [[John Murray (Victorian politician)|John Murray]], and advised several conservative leaders in federal politics. From time to time, the [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] Sir&nbsp;[[Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar|Ronald Munro Ferguson]] also consulted Moore on questions of constitutional law.<ref name="adb" /> In 1917, Moore was made a [[Order of St Michael and St George|Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (CMG) and a [[Order of the British Empire|Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1925.

In the early 1920s, Moore worked with [[Leo Cussen]] on preparatory work the latter's second consolidation of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victorian]] law, particularly with respect to the [[Imperial Acts Application Act 1922]].<ref name="adb" /> Cussen would later complete the consolidation in 1928.

Moore retired from the Law School in 1927, and was appointed [[professor]] [[emeritus]] the following year. In May 1928, and again in 1929 and 1930, Moore was appointed as the Australian delegate to the [[League of Nations]]. He had previously contributed to the League's efforts to [[Codification (law)|codify]] [[international law]], having attended universities throughout Europe in 1928, after participating in the [[Rome]] conference that revised the [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works|Berne Convention]].<ref name="adb" /> Moore was also part of the Australian delegation to the [[Imperial Conferences|Imperial Conference]] of 1930, which ultimately led to the [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]]. As a member of the Australian executive committee of the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]], he led a delegation to [[Shanghai]], [[China]] in 1931 to attend a conference on [[Pacific Rim|Pacific]] relations.

Shortly before his death in 1935, Moore was elected an honorary member of the [[Society of Comparative Legislation]] (now part of the [[British Institute of International and Comparative Law]]). His last work was a paper for the Society's journal, submitted shortly before his death, on the topic of inter-governmental legal actions within Australia and [[Canada]].<ref name="federations and suits">{{cite journal | last = Moore | first = William Harrison | title = The Federations and Suits Between Governments | journal = [[Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law]] | volume = 17 (third series) | issue = 4 | pages = 163–209 | publisher = [[Society of Comparative Legislation]] | year = 1935 }}</ref>

==Death==

Moore died in 1935 in the Melbourne suburb of [[Toorak, Victoria|Toorak]], and was survived by his wife. They had no children.

==References== <references/>

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Harrison}} [[Category:1867 births]] [[Category:1935 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century Australian lawyers]] [[Category:Australian legal scholars]] [[Category:Australian federationists]] [[Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Alumni of the University of London]] [[Category:Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Category:Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]] [[Category:Members of the Middle Temple]] [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Melbourne]] [[Category:British emigrants to Australia]]