{{Short description|American politician and businessman (1804–1874)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = William Frederick Havemeyer.jpg | caption = William Frederick Havemeyer, circa 1844-1860 | order = 67th, 70th and 81st [[Mayor of New York City]] | term_start = 1873 | term_end = 1874 | predecessor = [[Abraham Oakey Hall]] | successor = [[Samuel B. H. Vance]]<br>(Acting) | term_start1 = 1848 | term_end1 = 1849 | predecessor1 = [[William Brady (mayor)|William Brady]] | successor1 = [[Caleb Smith Woodhull]] | term_start2 = 1845 | term_end2 = 1846 | predecessor2 = [[James Harper (publisher)|James Harper]] | successor2 = [[Andrew H. Mickle]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1804|02|12}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1874|11|30|1804|02|12}} | death_place = New York City, U.S. | alma_mater = [[Columbia University]] | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 1872)<br>[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1872–1874) | profession = | relatives = [[Havemeyer family]] | spouse = {{marriage|Sarah Agnes Craig<br>|1828}} | children = 10 }}
'''William Frederick Havemeyer''' (February 12, 1804 – November 30, 1874) was an American businessman and politician who served three times as [[mayor of New York City]] during the 19th century.<ref name="WFHObit1874"/>
==Early years== Havemeyer was born in New York City at No. 31 Pine Street in [[Financial District, Manhattan]].<ref name="JCH bio"/> He was the son of William Havemeyer (1770–1851) who was the first of the family to emigrate from Germany to America. He had been left an orphan in childhood, and at the age of fifteen went to [[London]], where he learned the trade of [[sugar refining]], becoming in time the superintendent of the refinery. In 1799,<ref>Albert B. Faust, ''The German Element in the United States'' (2 vols.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909, vol. 2, pp. 70-71. This source actually calls William F. Havemeyer the grandson of the first William, but this seems inconsistent with most other sources.</ref> he came to New York City under contract to Edmund Seaman & Co. and took charge of their sugar house on Pine Street.<ref name="JCH bio"/>
His father began his own business in 1807, establishing one of the first sugar refineries in New York City, on Vandam Street between [[Hudson Street (Manhattan)|Hudson]] and [[Greenwich Street]]s in the modern-day neighborhood of [[Hudson Square]]. In the same year, he took out his naturalization papers.<ref name="JCH bio"/>
The younger Havemeyer grew up near the family sugar refinery.<ref name="DAB">{{Cite DAB|title=Havemeyer, William Frederick|author=William Bristol Shaw|year=1932}}</ref> He received a [[liberal arts]] education, attending [[Columbia College of Columbia University]], graduating in 1823. Soon after graduation he entered his father's service as clerk and obtained a thorough business training. In 1828, he formed a partnership with his cousin, Frederick Christian Havemeyer (1807–1891), under the firm name of W. F. & F. C. Havemeyer, sugar refiners. In 1842, he sold out his interest in the firm to his brother Albert. Thus after fourteen years, while still young, he retired from business a wealthy man.<ref name="JCH bio"/>
===Ancestors=== Havemeyer's middle-class ancestors lived in [[Bückeburg]], in the German principality of [[Schaumburg-Lippe]]. Some spelled the last name Hoffmeyer or Hoevemeyer. In 1644, Hermann Hoevemeyer formed, with nineteen others, a bakers' guild. Dietrich Wilhelm Hoevemeyer, born in 1725, was a master baker, and a member of the city council of Bückeburg, and also served in the [[Seven Years' War]].<ref name="JCH bio">{{Cite book|title=Life, Letters and Addresses of John Craig Havemeyer|location=New York|publisher=Fleming H. Revell Co.|year=1914|url=https://archive.org/details/lifelettersanda00havegoog|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lifelettersanda00havegoog/page/n24 20]–31}}</ref>
His cousin's son [[Henry Osborne Havemeyer]] became a member of the [[Havemeyer family]] sugar refining firm, which controlled more than half the entire sugar interest of the country. Henry O.'s brother, [[Theodore Havemeyer]], was co-founder of the [[U.S. Golf Association]] and [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]].
==Career== In 1844, Havemeyer entered local politics with the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] as an [[United States Electoral College|elector]] for [[James K. Polk]] and [[George M. Dallas]] during the [[1844 United States presidential election|United States presidential election]]. He had been a supporter of President [[Andrew Jackson]]. He was also friendly with President [[Martin Van Buren]] with whom he had corresponded and urged vehemently to emulate Jackson's firmness in the face of popular outcry.<ref name="appletons">{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Havemeyer, William Frederick|year=1892}}</ref>
In 1844, the Democrats of the ward Havemeyer lived in were divided into two factions about equal in strength. To avoid a conflict, it was determined to send to the [[Tammany Hall]] convention three influential men, irrespective of factional feeling. James T. Brady, Gustavus A. Conover, and Havemeyer were selected. Then at the state convention of the Democratic Party, held at [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]] September 4, 1844, Havemeyer was nominated for the office of presidential elector.<ref name="JCH bio"/>
===First terms as mayor=== As a member of the general committee of Tammany Hall, Havemeyer showed such marked business ability that he was appointed chairman of the finance committee. In this position, he gained many friends in the Democratic Party, and he was recommended to President Polk by a number of influential citizens as eminently fitted for the collectorship of the Port of New York. But Havemeyer's independence did not suit the politicians who desired a collector who could be more easily controlled by the party leaders. With a view to retrieve control of the collectorship, and at the same time not run counter to Havemeyer's growing popularity, they offered him the nomination for the mayoralty.<ref name="JCH bio"/>
In 1845, with the support of [[Tammany Hall]], the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] [[political machine]], Havemeyer was nominated for the office of [[Mayor of New York]], "laying stress on the fact that he was a native New Yorker". His opponent was incumbent mayor [[James Harper (publisher)|James Harper]].<ref name="DAB"/> In April,<ref name="JCH bio"/> he was elected by a large majority<ref name="appletons"/> and served a one-year term, from 1845 to 1846.
The [[New York State Legislature]] approved a proposal to authorize [[History of the New York City Police Department|creation of a New York City police]] force on May 7, 1844, along with abolition of the [[watchman (law enforcement)|nightwatch]] system. During Havemeyer's administration, the [[New York Police Department|NYPD]] was organized on May 13, 1845, with the city divided into three districts, with courts, magistrates, clerks, and station houses being set up.<ref name="lankevich-p84">{{cite book |title=American Metropolis: A History of New York City |url=https://archive.org/details/americanmetropol00lank |url-access=registration |author=Lankevich, George L. |publisher=NYU Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-8147-5186-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanmetropol00lank/page/84 84–85]}}</ref>
Havemeyer attempted to reform the powers of the [[City council|Common Council]], leading to the drafting of a new government charter that provided for direct election of department heads who had previously been appointed by the council. In 1846, together with [[Robert B. Minturn]] and [[Gulian C. Verplanck]], Havemeyer strove to abolish the abuses practised on immigrants. The result of their efforts was the Board of Emigration Commissioners, of which Havemeyer was the first president.<ref name="appletons"/> His reform efforts irritated the Tammany leaders: "Mayor Havemeyer not being pliable enough for the Wigwam leaders, they nominated and elected, in the spring of 1846, Andrew H. Mickle, by a vote of 21,675, the Whigs receiving 15,111, and the Native Americans 8,301."
In 1848, Havemeyer was again elected as mayor.<ref name="appletons"/> Although invited to run for succeeding terms in both 1846 and 1849, he declined to serve more than one term at a time.<ref name="DAB"/>
[[File:Wfh.jpg|thumb|William Frederick Havemeyer (1804-1874)]]
===Business career=== As a young man, Havemeyer had been a director of the Merchants' Exchange Bank.<ref name="appletons"/> When he took leave from New York's political scene, Havemeyer returned to business as a banker. In 1851, he was voted president of the [[Bank of North America]] which he successfully led through the [[panic of 1857]] and left in 1861. In 1857, he also became president of the New York Savings Bank when that institution was in great danger of suspension, leaving it also in 1861 after it was placed upon a secure foundation.<ref name="JCH bio"/> He also became a large stockholder of the [[Pennsylvania Coal Company]] and [[Long Island Rail Road]] among insurance and other corporate interests.
Also on leaving the office of mayor, Havemeyer became a trustee of the [[Astor Library|Astor Public Library]].<ref name="ANB">{{Cite ANB|title=Havemeyer, William Frederick|author=Robert D. Sampson |id=0400480}}</ref>
===Return to politics=== [[File:Havemeyer.jpg|thumb|250px|The death of William Havemeyer, originally appearing as "Sudden Death of the Hon. William F. Havemeyer in his Office," New York, NY, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, December 1874)]] In 1859, he was nominated by [[Tammany Hall]] to run against Democratic candidate [[Fernando Wood]], who had lost favor with some of the Tammany factions, and the Republican candidate [[George Opdyke]]. Havemeyer narrowly lost to Wood 30,000 to 27,000, with Opdyke receiving 23,000 votes.
During the [[American Civil War]], Havemeyer was a strong advocate of the Union and urged the [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolition of slavery]] as a war measure.<ref name="appletons"/> In July 1866, Havemeyer was selected, along with [[Thurlow Weed]], as arbitrator in the matter of a controversy relative to certain claims which had been pending for more than ten years between the Board of Public Charities and Correction and the Board of Commissioners of Emigration involving an amount of more than $100,000. The report was accepted as satisfactory by both parties, and the controversy settled.<ref name="JCH bio"/>
In the wake the [[Boss Tweed]] financial scandal, which forced the political boss of Tammany Hall to flee the country, Havemeyer was named vice president of the political reform organization [[Committee of Seventy (New York City)|Committee of 70]] and assisted in organizing reform associations in all the city's assembly districts. He was chosen chairman of a noted mass reform meeting held at [[Cooper Union]] on September 4, 1871, and his speech on that occasion was one of the most fearless and outspoken of any in its denunciation of the official thieves.<ref name="appletons"/>
Largely involved in voting the corrupt Tweed administration out of office, Havemeyer was nominated by the [[Republican Party Convention]] as a candidate for Mayor of New York on October 1, 1872. Although he at first declined to accept the nomination, the decision was supported by the Committee of 70 and the [[United Reform Convention]], and he once again returned to successfully defeat [[Tammany Hall]] candidate [[Abraham R. Lawrence]] and [[James O'Brien (U.S. Congressman)|James O'Brien]] to be elected and become Mayor for a third time, the first candidate since [[DeWitt Clinton]] to do so.<ref name="1874Memorial">{{cite news|title=Mayor Havemeyer. Action of Municipal and Civic Bodies Concerning His Death. Proceedings at the Coroner's Inquest-- Preparations for the Funeral-- a Military and Civil Display to Be Made--Resolutions of Eulogy Adopted. the Inquest. Death Due to Disease of the Heart-- Minute Details of the Incidents Attending the Mayor's Death. Arrangements for the Funeral. Action of the Municipal Bodies.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1874/12/02/archives/mayor-havemeyer-action-of-municipal-and-civic-bodies-concerning-his.html|access-date=January 16, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 2, 1874}}</ref>
During his third term, in the reorganization of the city government political organization under the Charter of 1873, several of his nominations were opposed by the Board of Aldermen. The greater part of his time was spent in wrangles with the aldermen and other city officers.<ref name="appletons"/> Several of his appointments were controversial, for example, he reappointed two police commissioners who had been convicted of violating their oaths of office.<ref name="DAB"/> An application was made to the [[Governor of New York]] for his removal from office, a step which the executive declined to take.<ref name="appletons"/>
==Personal life== On April 15, 1828, Havemeyer was married to Sarah Agnes Craig (1807–1894), the daughter of [[U.S. Congressman]] [[Hector Craig]] (1775–1842).<ref name="Hall1895">{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Henry|title=America's Successful Men of Affairs: The City of New York|date=1895|publisher=[[New York Tribune]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/ldpd_6221441_000/page/n343 302]|url=https://archive.org/details/ldpd_6221441_000|access-date=January 16, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Together, they were the parents of ten children, including:<ref name="Hall1895"/>
* Sarah C. Havemeyer (1832–1915), who married Hector Armstrong (1826-1898) * John Craig Havemeyer (1832–1922), who married Alice Francis (1847-1930) * Henry Havemeyer (1838–1886) * Hector Craig Havemeyer (1840–1889), who never married.<ref name="Hall1895"/> * James Havemeyer (1843–1912), who married Sarah Cordelia Conklin (1841–1911) * Laura Amelia Havemeyer (1845-1911), who married Isaac Walker Maclay (1841–1908) * Charles Havemeyer * William Frederick Havemeyer (1850–1913), who married Josephine L. Harmon, daughter of Alexander G. Harmon, in 1876.<ref name="WFHObit1913">{{cite news|title=WM. F. HAVEMEYER FOUND DEAD IN BED; Heart Disease Kills Banker at Home of W.R. Willcox, His Son-in-Law.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1913/09/08/archives/wm-f-havemeyer-found-dead-in-bed-heart-disease-kills-banker-at-home.html|access-date=January 16, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 8, 1913}}</ref>
Havemeyer died while in office on November 30, 1874, aged 70, in New York City.<ref name="WFHObit1874">{{cite news|title=Death of the Mayor.; He Dies in His Office, of Apoplexy. Action of the Courts, Commissions, and Departments--Tributes to His Memory. Mayor Havemeyer's Last Hours. Mayor Havemeyer's Career. a Premonition. the Body at the House. the Remains Not to Lie in State. the Funeral Services Action of the Common Council. the Board of Aldermen. the Board of Assistant Aldermen. Meeting of the Special Joint Committee. Alderman Vance Sworn in as Mayor. Action of the Commissioners of Emigration. Action of the Brooklyn Common Council. the Political Significance of the Mayor's Death. in the Courts. Kelly's Libel Suit Against the Mayor. Action of the Other Courts. the News at Police Head-Quarters. Action of the Excise Commissioners. the News in Boston.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1874/12/01/archives/death-of-the-mayor-he-dies-in-his-office-of-apoplexy-action-of-the.html|access-date=January 16, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 1, 1874}}</ref> He was buried in [[Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)|Woodlawn Cemetery]] in The [[The Bronx|Bronx]].<ref>[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hathcock-havenner.html#RR60BDCCN Political Graveyard]</ref><ref name="1874Preparations">{{cite news|title=The Late Mayor Havemeyer.; the Preparations for the Funeral Ceremonies the Regiments Which Will Parade Route of the Procession Other Particulars.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1874/12/03/archives/the-late-mayor-havemeyer-the-preparations-for-the-funeral.html|access-date=January 16, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 3, 1874}}</ref>
===Legacy=== The [[New York City Fire Department]] operated a [[fireboat]] named [[William Frederick Havemeyer (fireboat)|''William Frederick Havemeyer'']] from 1875 to 1901.<ref name=Marine1FdnyHistory>{{cite web| url = http://marine1fdny.com/fireboat_history_new.php| title = Fireboats Through The Years| author = Clarence E. Meek| date = July 1954| access-date = June 28, 2015}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== *{{cite encyclopedia|editor=John S. Bowman|title=William Frederick Havemeyer (1804-74)|url=http://www.ebscohost.com/thisTopic.php?marketID=6&topicID=1192 |encyclopedia=Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography|year=1995|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} *{{Find a Grave|15974892}} *{{cite web|url= http://www.nyscss.org/resources/publications/NYandSlavery/Chapter%20E/Documents/1874.HAV.pdf#search=%22%22William%20F.%20Havemeyer%22%22 |title=Daily Tribune, Tuesday 12/1/1874 Obituary - William F. Havemeyer }} {{small|(87.4 KB)}}
{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{succession box|title=[[Mayor of New York City]]|before=[[James Harper (publisher)|James Harper]]|after=[[Andrew H. Mickle]]|years=1845–1846}} {{succession box|title=[[Mayor of New York City]]|before=[[William V. Brady]]|after=[[Caleb Smith Woodhull]]|years=1848–1849}} {{succession box|title=[[Mayor of New York City]]|before=[[A. Oakey Hall]]|after=[[Samuel B. H. Vance]]|years=1873–1874}} {{s-end}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Havemeyer, William Frederick}} [[Category:1804 births]] [[Category:1874 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century American businesspeople]] [[Category:19th-century mayors of places in New York (state)]] [[Category:American people of German descent]] [[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]] [[Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)]] [[Category:Columbia College, Columbia University alumni]] [[Category:Havemeyer family|William Frederick]] [[Category:Mayors of New York City]] [[Category:New York (state) Democrats]] [[Category:New York (state) Republicans]] [[Category:Politicians from Staten Island]]