{{Short description|Royal Australian Air Force senior commander}} {{Featured article}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Use Australian English|date=September 2014}} {{bots|deny=Citation bot,InternetArchiveBot,GreenC bot}} {{Infobox military person |name= William Bostock |birth_date= 5 February 1892 |death_date={{death date and age|1968|4|28|1892|2|5|df=yes}} |birth_place= Sydney, New South Wales |death_place= Benalla, Victoria |image= AWM019067.jpg |caption= Air Vice Marshal Bill Bostock, 1945 |alt=Outdoor head-and-shoulders portrait of man in light-coloured shirt with shoulder insignia, wearing peaked cap with two rows of braid |nickname= |allegiance= Australia |service_years= 1914–1946 |service_years_label={{nowrap|Service years}} |rank= Air Vice Marshal |branch= Royal Australian Air Force |commands= {{plainlist| * No. 3 Squadron (1931–1936) * RAAF Command (1942–1945) }} |unit=No. 48 Squadron RFC (1917–1918) |battles= {{tree list}} * World War I ** Gallipoli Campaign ** Western Front * World War II ** Pacific War ** South West Pacific theatre {{tree list/end}} |awards= {{plainlist| * Companion of the Order of the Bath * Distinguished Service Order * Officer of the Order of the British Empire * Croix de guerre (Belgium) * {{nowrap|Medal of Freedom with Silver Palm (US)}} }} |other_work= Member for Indi (1949–1958) }} Air Vice Marshal '''William Dowling Bostock''', {{postnominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|CB|DSO|OBE}} (5 February 1892 – 28 April 1968) was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). During World War II he led RAAF Command, the Air Force's main operational formation, with responsibility for the defence of Australia and air offensives against Japanese targets in the South West Pacific Area. His achievements in the role earned him the Distinguished Service Order and the American Medal of Freedom. General Douglas MacArthur described him as "one of the world's most successful airmen".
A veteran of World War I, Bostock first saw combat as a soldier in the Australian Imperial Force at Gallipoli, then as a pilot in the Royal Flying Corps on the Western Front, where he earned the Belgian Croix de guerre. He joined the newly formed RAAF in 1921 and by 1941 had risen to become its third most senior officer, serving as Director of Training from 1930 to 1931, commanding officer of No. 3 Squadron from 1931 to 1936, and Director of Operations and Intelligence from 1938 to 1939.
The Deputy Chief of the Air Staff at the outbreak of World War II, Bostock was considered a leading candidate for the position of Chief of the Air Staff in 1942 but was passed over in favour of Air Commodore George Jones, a friend of twenty years. Appointed Air Officer Commanding RAAF Command soon after, Bostock became involved in a bitter and long-running dispute with Jones over control of the Air Force in the South West Pacific. Following his retirement from the RAAF in 1946, he became a journalist and later a Federal Member of Parliament.
==Early life and World War I== Bostock was born in Surry Hills, an inner-city suburb of Sydney, to an English father, also named William, and a Spanish mother, Mary. He was educated at The School, Mount Victoria, in the Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, where he completed his junior certificate.<ref name="Garrison">Garrison, "Bostock, William Dowling (1892–1968)"</ref><ref name="High Fliers">Stephens and Isaacs, ''High Fliers'', pp. 50–53</ref> The family later moved to Burwood, in Sydney's Inner West. After leaving school Bostock was employed as an apprentice with the Marconi Company for two-and-a-half years,<ref>[https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=3099633 AIF personnel file, p. 1] at National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 2 September 2023.</ref> and spent time at sea as a wireless operator.<ref name="Garrison"/>
In November 1914, Bostock joined the 2nd Signal Troop of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) as a sapper.<ref name="Garrison"/><ref>[https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R2165130 First World War Nominal Roll: William Dowling Bostock] at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 4 February 2019.</ref> He landed at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915, serving there until August, when he was evacuated suffering from dysentery.<ref name="Garrison"/> He returned to active duty in January 1916, and was promoted to lance corporal the following month.<ref name="AIF personnel file p.4">AIF personnel file, p. 4 at National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 4 February 2008.</ref> Raised to sergeant, Bostock was posted to Egypt with the ANZAC Mounted Division in April 1916, and saw action against Turkish forces in the Sinai Peninsula.<ref name="Dennis">Dennis et al., ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History'', pp. 116–117</ref>
Bostock transferred from the AIF to the Royal Flying Corps Special Reserve on 18 February 1917, and was commissioned as a probationary second lieutenant. He was posted to No. 48 Squadron in August, following pilot training in Egypt and England.<ref name="Garrison"/><ref name="AIF personnel file p.4"/> Bostock fought on the Western Front and was awarded the Belgian Croix de guerre.<ref name="Dennis"/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30631|page=4523|date=12 April 1918}}</ref> He was invalided back to Britain in March 1918, after which he transferred to the newly created Royal Air Force (RAF).<ref name="Garrison"/>
==Inter-war years== thumb|left|upright=1.2|Wapitis of No. 3 Squadron, commanded by Bostock, in the Richmond area, October 1932|alt=Overhead shot of three military biplanes in flight Bostock married his Australian fiancée, Gwendolen Norton, in Southampton on 6 March 1919. The couple had two daughters, one of whom, Gwendolen Joan, would serve as a cipher officer in the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) during World War II.<ref>Thomson, ''The WAAAF in Wartime Australia'', p. 337</ref> Bostock retired from the RAF and returned to civilian life in Australia that October.<ref name="Garrison"/> In September 1921, he joined the recently formed Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and was commissioned a flying officer.<ref>Coulthard-Clark, ''The Third Brother'', pp. 34–35</ref> He became a friend and mentor to Flying Officer (later Air Marshal Sir) George Jones, another World War I veteran, who had flown with the Australian Flying Corps and had joined the Air Force in March.<ref name="Stephens pp.116-119">Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 116–119</ref><ref name="Helson pp.16-19">Helson, ''Ten Years at the Top'', pp. 16–19</ref> By mid-1922 Bostock had been promoted to flight lieutenant.<ref>Coulthard-Clark, ''The Third Brother'', p. 47</ref>
Having served at No. 1 Flying Training School (No. 1 FTS), Point Cook, since entering the RAAF, Bostock was posted to Britain in 1926 to attend RAF Staff College, Andover.<ref name="Dennis"/><ref name="AVM">[http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/Contents/About-APDC/About-APDC/Office-of-Air-Force-History/Air-Marshals-of-the-RAAF/135/Air-Vice-Marshals-A-K.aspx Air Vice Marshals A-K] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706182222/http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/Contents/About-APDC/About-APDC/Office-of-Air-Force-History/Air-Marshals-of-the-RAAF/135/Air-Vice-Marshals-A-K.aspx |date=6 July 2012 }} at Royal Australian Air Force. Retrieved 31 January 2011.</ref> While there he was admonished by the college's commandant, via letter, due to the particular school he had chosen for his daughter and because he did his own gardening; Bostock was said to have returned the letter marked "noted and ignored".<ref name="High Fliers"/> On his return to Australia as a squadron leader in 1928, he took charge of No. 1 FTS, and became Director of Training at RAAF Headquarters, Melbourne, in December 1929.<ref name="Garrison"/><ref name="AVM"/> From 1931 to 1936 Bostock was commanding officer (CO) of No. 3 Squadron, flying Westland Wapitis and, later, Hawker Demons. At the time, his position as No. 3 Squadron commander doubled as CO of the unit's base, RAAF Station Richmond, New South Wales.<ref>Roylance, ''Air Base Richmond'', pp. 46, 123</ref> A wing commander from 1934,<ref name="Garrison"/> he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the King's Birthday Honours on 31 May 1935.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34166|page=3604|date=31 May 1935 }}</ref> Following a two-year posting in Britain on the staff of No. 1 Bomber Group,<ref name="Garrison"/><ref>Coulthard-Clark, ''The Third Brother'', p. 93</ref> Bostock was promoted to group captain on 1 September 1938 and made Director of Operations and Intelligence. Within a year he had become Deputy Chief of the Air Staff.<ref name="Garrison"/>
==World War II==
===Deputy Chief of the Air Staff=== [[File:AWM012245BostockBurnett.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.28|Air Vice Marshal Bostock (right) as Deputy Chief of the Air Staff with the Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Burnett, in May 1942|alt=Informal half portrait of two smiling men in dark military uniforms]] The Deputy Chief of the Air Staff position that Bostock occupied at the outbreak of World War II was a new one that initially augmented, and later supplanted, an existing Assistant Chief of the Air Staff role. Unlike the Assistant Chief, the Deputy had the authority to act in place of the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) if required. This increased status saw Bostock given a place on Australia's Joint Planning Committee.<ref>Gillison, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/03.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 69–70] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403021533/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/03.pdf |date=3 April 2015 }}</ref> He was the RAAF's delegate to a defence conference in Singapore in October 1940; the Australian contingent found the local forces ill-prepared for an attack by the Japanese and recommended significant increases in air capability, both in Australia and the Pacific Islands, to meet the threat.<ref>Gillison, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/07.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 143–144] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701050042/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/07.pdf |date=1 July 2015 }}</ref> Bostock rose rapidly in rank during this period, becoming acting air commodore on 1 June 1940 and substantive air vice marshal on 1 October 1941.<ref name="High Fliers"/><ref name="Helson p.44">Helson, ''Ten Years at the Top'', p. 44</ref> He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1942 New Year Honours.<ref name="Honours and Awards">[http://www.awm.gov.au/honours/honours/person.asp?p=bb434 Honours and Awards (Gazetted): William Dowling Bostock] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806181259/http://www.awm.gov.au/honours/honours/person.asp?p=bb434 |date=6 August 2008 }} at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 14 October 2008.</ref>
Third in seniority in the RAAF after Air Marshal Richard Williams and Air Vice Marshal Stanley Goble,<ref name="Stephens pp.116-119"/> and considered, in the words of historian Chris Coulthard-Clark, to be "among the Air Force's best brains" at the time,<ref>Coulthard-Clark, ''The Third Brother'', p. 446</ref> Bostock was a prime candidate for the position of CAS in May 1942.<ref name="Stephens pp.116-119"/><ref>Gillison, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/24.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 475–477] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122180420/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/24.pdf |date=22 January 2016 }}</ref> He was also first choice of the incumbent CAS, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Burnett, whose two-year term was coming to an end.<ref name="Stephens pp.116-119"/> Bostock's closeness to Burnett, who had made no secret of his contempt for John Curtin's Federal Labor government, damaged his chances for selection and his friend, George Jones, then only a substantive wing commander and acting air commodore, took the position.<ref name="Stephens pp.116-119"/><ref name="Helson pp.75-79">Helson, ''Ten Years at the Top'', pp. 75–79</ref> Although he had expected to be made CAS, Bostock warmly congratulated Jones, possibly expecting that his (Bostock's) new role as chief of staff to the Commander of Allied Air Forces, Lieutenant General George Brett, with responsibility for air operations in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA), would prove the more important appointment in a time of war.<ref name="Helson pp.75-79"/>
===Air Officer Commanding RAAF Command=== In August 1942, General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander SWPA, replaced Lieutenant General Brett with Major General (later General) George Kenney. Kenney created two new formations subordinate to Allied Air Forces Headquarters: the US Fifth Air Force and RAAF Command. Bostock was chosen to be Air Officer Commanding RAAF Command,<ref name="Stephens pp.116-119"/> with twenty-four Australian squadrons at his disposal plus one each from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States.<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.01 pp.4-6">Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/01.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', pp. 4–6] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427162036/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/01.pdf |date=27 April 2015 }}</ref> The only Australian air combat units in the SWPA not under Bostock's command were those based in New Guinea as No. 9 Operational Group RAAF (No. 9 OG), controlled by Fifth Air Force.<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.01 pp.4-6"/><ref>Gillison, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/28.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 585–588] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hIkgG33l?url=http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/28.pdf |date=5 June 2009 }}</ref> RAAF Command was charged with defending Australia, except in the north-east, protecting the sea lanes to New Guinea, and conducting operations against Japanese shipping, airfields and other installations in the Dutch East Indies.<ref name="Garrison"/>
{{quote box |width=28% |align=left |fontsize=85% |quote=He looked gruff and tough ... but he impressed me as being honest and I believed that, if he would work with me at all, he would be loyal to me. |source= —George Kenney on Bill Bostock, 1942<ref>Gillison, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/28.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 571–572] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hIkgG33l?url=http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/28.pdf |date=5 June 2009 }}</ref> }}
By the end of 1943, No. 9 OG, originally the RAAF's mobile strike formation, had effectively become a static garrison force in New Guinea. Bostock proposed that it be renamed Northern Area Command to better reflect its current function. Kenney asked Bostock to raise a new RAAF mobile formation, which led to the establishment of No. 10 Operational Group (No. 10 OG) on 13 November 1943 at Nadzab, under the command of Group Captain Frederick Scherger.<ref>Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/12.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', pp. 182–183]</ref> In February 1944, RAAF Command took over many of the units of No. 9 OG, as well as responsibility for the Port Moresby and Milne Bay sectors. Bostock again recommended changing No. 9 OG's name to Northern Area, and also proposed changing No. 10 OG's name to Tactical Air Force, RAAF, in view of its increased strength from the infusion of new squadrons. No. 9 OG became Northern Command on 11 April.<ref>Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/12.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', pp. 198–200]</ref> On 14 September, Bostock had an audience with Prime Minister Curtin, wherein the latter outlined his preferences for the deployment of RAAF Command, particularly that it should be represented in forward Allied operations, and employed primarily in the support of Australian ground forces. Bostock concurred; Curtin meanwhile authorised changing No. 10 OG's name to First Tactical Air Force (No. 1 TAF), with effect from 25 October. RAAF Command's complement had now swelled to forty-one Australian squadrons.<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.17 pp.296-299">Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/17.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', pp. 296–299]</ref>
[[File:OG2415RAAFCommand.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.28|Bostock (right) with Australian I Corps commander Lieutenant General Sir Leslie Morshead (centre) and Rear Admiral Forrest B. Royal of the US Navy (left), following a meeting at Morotai in April 1945|alt=Three men in light-coloured military uniforms walking from tent, with palm trees in background]] On 15 March 1945, Bostock established a forward headquarters on Morotai Island to directly control No. 1 TAF for the upcoming Oboe operations, the reoccupation of Borneo. Kenney gave him responsibility for all Allied air operations south of the Philippines, and the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) units which were based in the Solomon Islands to support the Bougainville Campaign were assigned to RAAF Command.<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.26 p.435">Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/26.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', p. 435] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418104953/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/26.pdf |date=18 April 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Stephens pp.169-170">Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 169–170</ref> Bostock wrote to Kenney, "I am particularly anxious that the 1st Tactical Air Force should continue to be employed as a forward offensive formation rather than in a garrison role."<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.26 p.435"/> In April, Kenney's Allied Air Headquarters issued an order that Bostock would be named Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief RAAF Command, because he had several Air Officers Commanding (AOCs) reporting to him. Bostock duly passed on this change of nomenclature to his subordinate units but Air Force Headquarters in Melbourne vetoed the change in June.<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.26 p.439">Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/26.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', p. 439] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418104953/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/26.pdf |date=18 April 2015 }}</ref>
Bostock had control of the USAAF Fifth and Thirteenth Air Forces, as well as No. 1 TAF, during Operation Oboe One, the invasion of Tarakan, commencing 1 May 1945.<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.27 p.452">Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/27.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', p. 452]</ref> By this time RAAF Command comprised some 17,000 personnel.<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.26 p.439"/> On Operation Oboe Six, the invasion of Labuan–Brunei in June, Bostock also had at his disposal aircraft based in Australia under Western and North-Western Area Commands.<ref name="Air War Against Japan ch.28 pp.475-477">Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/28.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', pp. 475–477]</ref> For Operation Oboe Two, the invasion of Balikpapan in July, Bostock marshalled forty Allied squadrons. His aim, in concert with that of Kenney and I Corps commander Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead, was to deliver the heaviest aerial bombardment possible against enemy targets, to enable Australian assault forces to land with minimal casualties. Together with a naval barrage, this resulted in what the official history of the RAAF in World War II described as a "scene of indescribable ruin" on the battlefield, and allowed seventeen waves of troops to disembark their landing craft without loss.<ref>Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/29.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', pp. 482–484] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012531/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/29.pdf |date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> MacArthur called the Labuan air offensive "flawless",<ref name="Garrison"/> and General Sir Thomas Blamey, Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Military Forces, congratulated Bostock on his "high order of control" and "ready and full cooperation" throughout the Borneo campaign.<ref name="Stephens pp.169-170"/>
===Rivalry with George Jones=== From 1942, the structure of the RAAF was divided such that Bostock was in operational charge of the Air Force in the South West Pacific but relied on Air Vice Marshal Jones as CAS for supplies of manpower and equipment, while Jones was nominally in command of the entire RAAF but played no part in directing its major air operations against Japan.<ref name="Odgers">Odgers, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 42–43</ref><ref>Horner, "The Evolution of Australian Higher Command Arrangements", p. 13</ref> The situation was, according to George Odgers, a source of "acute personal tension" between the two senior officers for the remainder of the war.<ref name="Odgers"/> It was exacerbated by the fact that although the CAS was ''de jure'' head of the RAAF, Jones' rank of air vice marshal was no higher than Bostock's. Air Force historian Alan Stephens later commented: "The system of divided command... was not an ideal arrangement, but with men of goodwill it could have worked. Regrettably Bostock and Jones were not of that mind..."<ref name="Stephens pp.120-122">Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 120–122</ref>
[[File:Jones-Bostock-Burnett AWM 012249.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Bostock (centre) with newly appointed Chief of the Air Staff, Air Vice Marshal George Jones (left), and former CAS, Air Chief Marshal Burnett, in 1942|alt=Informal half portrait of three men in dark military uniforms]] Bostock's relationship to Kenney permitted him to ignore operational requests from Jones,<ref>Helson, ''Ten Years at the Top'', pp. 132, 159</ref> while Jones continued to assert administrative control over Bostock's command.<ref name="Gillison">Gillison, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/28.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force2'', pp. 595–596] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hIkgG33l?url=http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/28.pdf |date=5 June 2009 }}</ref> When Jones tried to remove Bostock from RAAF Command in April 1943 and replace him with Air Commodore Joe Hewitt, AOC of No. 9 Operational Group, Bostock appealed to Kenney, who advised Jones that he was opposed to any such change of command. Kenney threatened to escalate the matter to the Australian government, and some time later MacArthur told Curtin that Hewitt "was not an adequate replacement" for Bostock.<ref>Helson, ''Ten Years at the Top'', pp. 123–126</ref> The matter was allowed to drop,<ref>Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/01.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', pp. 16–18] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427162036/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/01.pdf |date=27 April 2015 }}</ref> but the rivalry continued. In January 1945, an acrimonious series of cables was exchanged between the two air vice marshals. Jones complained to Bostock of the latter's "insubordinate tone" and "repeated attempts to usurp authority of this Headquarters". Bostock replied that as AOC RAAF Command he was "responsible to Commander, Allied Air Forces, and not, repeat not, subordinate to you", and that he would "continue to take the strongest exception to your unwarranted and uninformed interference".<ref name="Air War Against Japan pp.436-437">Odgers, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/26.pdf ''Air War Against Japan'', pp. 436–437] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418104953/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/27/chapters/26.pdf |date=18 April 2015 }}</ref>
Their feud was blamed for contributing to the low morale that precipitated the so-called "Morotai Mutiny" of April 1945, when a group of senior pilots in the First Tactical Air Force submitted their resignations rather than continue to attack what they believed to be worthless targets.<ref name="Cleaning the augean stables">Alexander, "Cleaning the augean stables"</ref> Alerted to the issue by No. 1 TAF's commander, Air Commodore Harry Cobby, Bostock appealed to the pilots to withdraw their resignations. According to historian Kristen Alexander, his methods were construed as an attempt to "make the situation go away or to at least cover it up"; one of the "mutineers", Squadron Leader John Waddy, quoted Bostock as saying, "I will leave these applications on the table and if you pick them up, all records and all notes of any of this affair will be expunged from Air Force records and files and nothing will be heard about it".<ref name="Cleaning the augean stables"/> When the pilots refused to drop the matter, Bostock signalled Jones, advising that he found morale on the island to be at a "dangerously low level" and recommending the CAS replace Cobby with Air Commodore Scherger.<ref>Odgers, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 122–123</ref> Kenney concurred with Bostock, and Jones sacked Cobby.<ref name="Stephens pp.123-125">Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 123–125</ref> A subsequent investigation vindicated the stand taken by the pilots; one of them, Wing Commander Kenneth Ranger, told the inquiry of Jones and Bostock: "I deplore the fighting and wrangling between them which is common knowledge throughout the Air Force. Every week there are instances of it."<ref name="Cleaning the augean stables"/>
{{quote box |width=28% |align=right |fontsize=85% |quote=The Chief of the Air Staff ... who has no authority or responsibility for the conduct of operations, has no right – particularly no moral right – to dispute, on operational or tactical grounds, operational requirements demanded by the Air Office Commanding R.A.A.F. Command ... |source= —Bill Bostock, 1944<ref>Helson, ''Ten Years at the Top'', p. 141</ref> }}
The conflict between the commanders reached its nadir during the invasion of Tarakan in May 1945, when Jones grounded RAAF bomber squadrons scheduled to take part in the attack due to their crews having exceeded their monthly quota of flying hours. Bostock was not consulted about the decision and fully expected to see Australian aircraft as he watched for the Allied formations from a US warship during the battle. He later said that he would have thankfully "fallen through a crack in the boards on the deck" when he saw only American aircraft flying overhead, and had to apologise to Kenney for the RAAF's absence.<ref name="Stephens pp.120-122"/> Over all, the dual system of control and the tension between its two senior officers confused the RAAF's efforts in the field and reduced its influence on Allied strategy in the Pacific.<ref name="Dennis"/>
==Later life== [[File:AWM121265BostockMissouri1.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Bostock (front row, left), General Sir Thomas Blamey (front row, centre) and Air Vice Marshal Jones (behind Blamey) with other Australian delegates to the Japanese surrender aboard USS ''Missouri'', September 1945|alt=Half portrait of seven men in military uniforms with peaked caps, three featured in foreground]] Bostock and Jones represented the RAAF at the Japanese surrender aboard {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}} on 2 September 1945.<ref>Stephens, ''Going Solo'', p. 208</ref> RAAF Command was disbanded the same day.<ref>Stephens, ''Going Solo'', p. 66</ref> Bostock was one of several senior Air Force commanders summarily retired early in 1946, in his case six years before the compulsory retirement age of 60.<ref name="Stephens p.179">Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', p. 179</ref> Among the reasons for Bostock's dismissal were, according to private government papers, an "inability to work in harmony with certain other high ranking RAAF officers",<ref name="Helson pp.237-240">Helson, ''Ten Years at the Top'', pp. 237–240</ref> and "lack of balance and appreciation of responsibility".<ref name="Going Solo p.23">Stephens, ''Going Solo'', p. 23</ref> He appealed the decision, citing a letter from MacArthur that described him as "one of the world's most successful airmen ... superior in every respect", but was unsuccessful.<ref name="Going Solo p.23"/> Newspapers raised questions about Bostock's departure, ''The Herald'' in Melbourne speculating on the part played by rivalries within the service.<ref name="Helson pp.237-240"/>
After his retirement from the military, Bostock went into journalism and became an aviation correspondent for ''The Herald''. He wrote a series of articles criticising the Air Force's organisation and presenting his side of the story of RAAF Command, motivated partly by his belief that the official history of Australia in World War II would fail to adequately cover it. The articles caused considerable controversy and prompted the Minister for Air, Arthur Drakeford, to make a formal response in Federal Parliament, labelling Bostock's allegations "malicious and unjustified".<ref>Helson, ''Ten Years at the Top'', pp. 243–249</ref>
thumb|upright=0.8|Bostock as Member for Indi|alt=Head-and-shoulders portrait of Bostock Bostock was decorated twice in 1948 for his war service, in March with the Distinguished Service Order "in recognition of distinguished services whilst in command of air operations in the Borneo Campaign during the period March to September, 1945",<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=38238 |page=1869|date=12 May 1948}}</ref> and in April with the American Medal of Freedom with Silver Palm.<ref name="Honours and Awards"/> He entered politics in 1949, standing as a Liberal Party candidate for the Federal Division of Indi in Victoria. Elected to the House of Representatives, he retained his seat until being defeated in the 1958 poll. Bostock served on a joint committee for foreign affairs and sometimes came into conflict with his own party on matters of defence policy. He continued to contribute to ''The Herald'' while in government.<ref name="Garrison"/> During parliamentary debates in 1951 and again in 1957, Bostock spoke for "an integrated defence force with a single minister", advocating amalgamation of the four separate Departments of Defence, Air, Navy and Army into one Department of Defence, headed by the Minister for Defence. He further proposed that a single Commander-in-Chief lead the Army, Navy and Air Force; the Chief of the General Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff, and the Chief of the Air Staff would report directly to the new position.<ref>{{cite hansard | url= | house=Australian House of Representatives | date=25 October 1951 |page_start = 1234 |page_end=1237}}</ref><ref>{{cite hansard | url= | house=Australian House of Representatives | date=14 November 1957 |page_start=2241|page_end=2242}}</ref> In 1973 the single-service departments were abolished in favour of an all-encompassing Department of Defence, and by 1984 a Chief of the Defence Force position had evolved to directly command all three armed services through their respective chiefs.<ref>Horner, "The Evolution of Australian Higher Command Arrangements", pp. 24–27</ref>
Bostock's wife Gwendolen died in 1947, and he married 33-year-old Nanette O'Keefe in Melbourne on 1 June 1951; they had three sons. He owned a property near Benalla, in rural Victoria, where he died in 1968. Survived by his second wife and his five children, Bostock was accorded an Air Force funeral and cremated.<ref name="Garrison"/> {{clear}}
==Notes== {{Reflist}}
==References== {{Commons category|William Bostock (RAAF Officer)|William Bostock}} * {{cite journal|last= Alexander | first= Kristen |date= 1 September 2004 | title= "Cleaning the augean stables". The Morotai Mutiny? | journal=Sabretache | publisher= Military Historical Society of Australia | url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/%22Cleaning+the+augean+stables.%22+The+Morotai+Mutiny%3F-a0123162109}} * {{cite book|last=Coulthard-Clark |first=Chris |year=1991 |title=The Third Brother: The Royal Australian Air Force 1921–39 |location=North Sydney |publisher=Allen & Unwin |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403064733/http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Historical%20Publications/HIST32-The-Third-Brother-The-Royal-Australian-Air-Force-1921-39.pdf|isbn=0-04-442307-1}} * {{cite book|last=Dennis| first=Peter|author2=Grey, Jeffrey |author-link2=Jeffrey Grey |author3=Morris, Ewan |author4= Prior, Robin | year=1995| title=The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History| location=South Melbourne| publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-553227-9}} * {{cite book|last=Garrisson| first=A.D.| year=1993| title=Australian Dictionary of Biography: Volume 13| chapter=Bostock, William Dowling (1892–1968)| chapter-url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A130255b.htm|location=Melbourne| publisher= Melbourne University Press |pages=224–225}} * {{cite book|last=Gillison |first=Douglas |year=1962 |title=Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume I – Royal Australian Air Force 1939–1942 |location=Canberra |publisher=Australian War Memorial |oclc=2000369 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607140547/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67912 }} * {{cite thesis | degree =Ph. D| author = Helson, Peter | title = Ten Years at the Top | publisher = University of New South Wales | location=Sydney|year = 2006 | url = http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38729|oclc=225531223}} * {{cite journal| last=Horner| first=David| author-link=David Horner| year=2002| title=The Evolution of Australian Higher Command Arrangements| journal=Command Papers| publisher=Centre for Defence Leadership Studies, Australian Defence College|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109220745/http://www.defence.gov.au/adc/cdclms/Command%20evolution.doc| df=dmy-all}} * {{cite book|last=Odgers |first=George |author-link=George Odgers |orig-year=1957 |year=1968 |title=Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume II – Air War Against Japan, 1943–1945 |location=Canberra |publisher=Australian War Memorial |oclc=11218821 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014171352/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67913 }} * {{cite book|last=Odgers| first=George|year=1984| title=The Royal Australian Air Force: An Illustrated History| location=Brookvale, New South Wales| publisher=Child & Henry |isbn=0-86777-368-5}} * {{cite book|last=Roylance| first=Derek|year=1991| title=Air Base Richmond| location=RAAF Base Richmond| publisher=Royal Australian Air Force|isbn=0-646-05212-8}} * {{cite book|last=Stephens| first=Alan| year=1995| title=Going Solo: The Royal Australian Air Force 1946–1971|location=Canberra|publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822135528/http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Historical%20Publications/HIST03-Going-Solo-The-Royal-Australian-Air-Force-1946-1971.pdf|isbn=0-644-42803-1}} * {{cite book|last=Stephens| first=Alan|orig-year=2001|year=2006| title=The Royal Australian Air Force: A History| location=London| publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-555541-4}} * {{cite book|last=Stephens| first=Alan|author2=Isaacs, Jeff | year=1996| title=High Fliers: Leaders of the Royal Australian Air Force|location=Canberra|publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service|isbn=0-644-45682-5}} * {{cite book|last=Thomson| first=Joyce| year=1991| title=The WAAAF in Wartime Australia| location=Melbourne| publisher= Melbourne University Press |isbn=0-522-84525-8}}
{{s-start}} {{s-mil}} |- {{s-new|reason=Post established}} {{s-ttl|title=Deputy Chief of the Air Staff|years=1939–1941}} {{s-vac|next=John McCauley in 1942<sup>1</sup>}} |- {{s-new|reason=Command established}} {{s-ttl|title=Air Officer Commanding RAAF Command|years=1942–1945}} {{s-non|reason=Command disestablished}} |- {{s-par|au}} {{succession box | title=Member for Indi | before=John McEwen| after=Mac Holten| years=1949–1958}} {{s-ref|Gillison, ''Royal Australian Air Force'', p. 479}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bostock, William}} Category:1892 births Category:1968 deaths Category:Australian Army soldiers Category:Australian aviators Category:Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Category:Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath Category:Australian military personnel of World War I Category:Australian MPs 1949–1951 Category:Australian MPs 1951–1954 Category:Australian MPs 1954–1955 Category:Australian MPs 1955–1958 Category:Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire Category:Australian recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) Category:Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia Category:Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Indi Category:Military personnel from Sydney Category:People from the Inner West Category:Recipients of the Medal of Freedom Category:Royal Australian Air Force air marshals of World War II Category:Marconi Company personnel Category:Radio operators