{{Short description|German physiologist}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Wilhelm Theodor Trendelenburg |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1877|6|16}} |birth_place = Rostock Germany |residence = |nationality = |death_date = {{death date and age|1946|3|16|1877|6|16}} |death_place = Tübingen Germany |field = |work_institution = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = |prizes = Lieben Prize <small>(1915)</small> |religion = |footnotes = }} '''Ernst Wilhelm Theodor Trendelenburg''' (16 July 1877 – 16 March 1946) was a German physiologist known for his work in physiological optics.
He studied physiology at the University of Freiburg, receiving his doctorate from the University of Leipzig in 1900. He worked as an assistant to Johannes von Kries at Freiburg and to Ewald Hering at Leipzig. In 1904 he obtained his habilitation for physiology at Freiburg, and in 1911 became a full professor at the University of Innsbruck. Afterwards, he held professorships at the universities of Giessen (from 1916), Tübingen (from 1917) and Berlin (from 1927).<ref name=TH>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1NVRfl4gCw0C&dq=%22Trendelenburg%2C+Wilhelm%22+1877&pg=PA84 Thibaut - Zycha, Volume 10] edited by Walther Killy</ref><ref name=TR>[http://www.awz.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/archive/film_photo_and_tone_archives/video_documents/wilhlem_trendelenburg/ Wilhelm Trendelenburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912071749/http://www.awz.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/archive/film_photo_and_tone_archives/video_documents/wilhlem_trendelenburg/ |date=2017-09-12 }}. Adolf-Würth-Zentrum für Geschichte der Psychologie</ref>
In 1931 he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.<ref>"Statement based on translated text from an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia".</ref>
He was the son of surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg and the grandson of renowned philosopher Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg. He was the brother of pharmacologist Paul Trendelenburg, the pharmacologist Paul Trendelenburg and of the politician Ernst Trendelenburg.<ref name=TR/>
He was an accomplished musician, being adept at playing violin and cello.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xDnICgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Wilhelm+Trendelenburg%22+1877&pg=PA120 Neurology of Music] edited by F Clifford Rose</ref> It is believed that he was the first scientist to conduct studies on the role of bow pressure, contact point and bow speed in the determination of tone color.<ref>[https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/68269/1/McLeod_Alexander_R_201411_DMA_thesis.pdf Violin Pedagogy and the Physics of the Bowed String] Alexander Rhodes McLeod</ref> During his time spent at the University of Freiburg he conducted studies involving animal psychology that included intelligence testing with monkeys.<ref name=TR/> He is also credited as the inventor of the red adaptation goggles.<ref>[http://www.orau.org/PTP/collection/Radiology/goggles.htm Red Goggles (ca. 1940s)]</ref>
== Selected works == * ''Der Gesichtssinn; Grundzüge der physiologischen Optik'' (with Erich Schütz), 1924 – The sense of sight; Principles of physiological optics. * ''Die natürlichen grundlagen der kunst des streichinstrumentspiels'', 1925 – The natural foundations concerning the art of stringed instrument exercises. * ''Anleitung zu den physiologischen übungen für studierende der medizin'', 1938 – Instructions on physiological exercises for medical students. * ''Zur Kenntnis der Kurvengestalt der Vokalperiode in ihrer Beziehung zu den Vorgängen im Kehlkopf'', 1940 – A treatise on the processes in the larynx associated with vowel sounds. * ''Zur Kenntnis des abnormen Farbensinns und seiner Vererbung'', 1941 – Information on abnormal color sense and heredity. * ''Über den Licht- und Farbensinn'', 1943 – On light and color sense.<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n87-833893/ Most widely held works by Wilhelm Trendelenburg] WorldCat Identities</ref> He was also co-editor of the periodical ''Zeitschrift für die gesamte experimentelle Medizin''.<ref name=TH/>
== References == * {{cite journal | title = Wilhelm Trendelenburg in Memoriam | author = A. Schittenhelm | journal = Research in Experimental Medicine | volume = 115 | issue = 1–2 | pages = ii-6 | year = 1949 | url = | doi = 10.1007/BF02056038 | s2cid = 84041139 }} {{reflist}}
{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Trendelenburg}} Category:1877 births Category:1946 deaths Category:German physiologists Category:University of Freiburg alumni Category:Academic staff of the University of Innsbruck Category:Academic staff of the University of Tübingen Category:Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin Category:Academic staff of the University of Giessen Category:People from Rostock