Wibault 170 Tornade

{{Infobox aircraft | name = Wib 170C.1 Tornade | logo = | logo_size = | image = Wibault 130 L'Aéronautique June,1928.jpg | alt = | caption = 130 C.1 | long_caption = | other_names = | aircraft_type = Single seat fighter aircraft | aim = | outcome = | related = | national_origin = France | manufacturer = Avions Michel Wibault | design_group = | designer = Michel Wibault | builder = | issuer = | status = | owners = | primary_user = | more_users = | service = | major_applications = | proposals = | prototypes = | number_built = 2 | construction_number = | civil_registration = | military_serial = | radio_code = | requirement = | aircraft_carried = | flights = | total_hours = | total_distance = | construction_date = | introduction = | retired = | first_flight = 1928 | initiated = | in_service = | last_flight = | expected = | developed_from = | variants = | developed_into = | preservation = | fate = | predecessors = | successors = | concluded = }}

The '''Wibault 13C.1 Trombe''' (Whirlwind), later known as the '''Wib 130C.1 Trombe''' was a single seat, parasol wing lightweight fighter aircraft designed and built in France in the 1920s. It was developed into the more powerful '''Wib 170C.1 Tornade''' (Tornado) but government interest in lightweight fighters soon waned.

==Design and development==

The Wib 13 was Avions Marcel Wibault's response to a call from the Service Technique de l'Aéronautique (S.T.Aé, Technical Department of Aeronautics) for a ''chasseur légere'' (light fighter). The call, which set out what became known as the ''Jockey'' programme, was intended to reduce the ever-increasing weight and cost of fighters. The general design of the Wib 13 followed the pattern set by Wibault's earlier single seat, parasol wing fighters, the Wib 3 and Wib 7 but it was smaller and lighter. An all-metal aircraft, its structure was mostly Duralumin covered with narrow aluminium strips applied longitudinally. The parasol wing was straight edged and of constant chord, braced to the lower fuselage with a pair of parallel struts on each side which met the wing at about mid-span and were strengthened by a pair of jury struts to the wing underside. There were cabane struts over the fuselage and a trailing edge cut-out in the wing over the pilot's cockpit to enhance his visibility. A pair of synchronised {{Convert|7.7|mm|in|3|abbr=on}} Vickers machine guns fixed to the fuselage fired forwards through the propeller arc. The Wib 13's initially cantilever tailplane was lowered after flight testing and external bracing added. Tailplane and fin were nearly triangular, the latter bearing a rudder which extended down to the fuselage base, moving between split elevators.<ref name=G&S/>

The Wib 13's {{convert|400|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}} water-cooled V-12 Hispano-Suiza 12Jb engine was totally enclosed under a cowling which fitted closely around each cylinder bank. It drove a two blade propeller and was cooled by a radiator on the fuselage underside at the rear of the engine. Behind the engine the fuselage was flat sided. The fighter had a fixed conventional undercarriage with mainwheels on a split axle attached to the fuselage underside, supported by a pair of V-struts; there was a small tailskid.<ref name=G&S/>

By the time the aircraft was flight tested at Villacoublay in 1926 it was known as the Wib 130;<ref name=G&S/> around this time several French manufacturers settled on a consistent three digit form for their types numbers. It was assessed as manoeuvrable and robust but somewhat underpowered. Wibault therefore produced the '''Wib 170 Tornade''', which used the same wings, empennage, undercarriage and armament as the Wib 130 but had a more powerful Hispano-Suiza 12Jb V-12 engine which provided {{convert|500|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}}. The fuselage was similar in construction and appearance to that of its predecessor though slightly ({{convert|330|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}) longer. The fuel capacity was increased by 14%. The extra power improved the maximum speed at sea level by 13%, though the empty weight was up by 8%.<ref name=G&S/>

The Tornade was first seen in public at the Paris ''Salon d'Aéronautique'' in December 1928 and was test flown at Villacoublay early the following year. As well as being faster it had a significantly better climb rate than the Trombe and received all-round good reports. By this time, though the S.T.Aé had lost faith in the chasseur legére concept and wrote off the Jockey programme as a failure.<ref name=G&S/>

==Variants== C.1=Chasseur (fighter), single seat ;Wib 130 Trombe C.1: {{convert|400|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}} Hispano-Suiza 12Jb engine. One built. ;Wib 170 Tornade C.1: {{convert|500|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}} Hispano-Suiza 12Hb engine. Two built.

==Specifications (Wib 170 Tornade)== thumb|Wibault 13 C.1 3-view drawing from L'Air April 15,1928 {{Aircraft specs |ref=Green & Swanborough p.597<ref name=G&S/> |prime units?=met  |genhide=

|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=279 |max speed note=at sea level |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kmh= |never exceed speed mph= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kmh= |minimum control speed mph= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range km= |range note= |combat range km= |combat range miles= |combat range nmi= |combat range note= |ferry range km= |ferry range miles= |ferry range nmi= |ferry range note= |endurance= |ceiling m=9,600 |ceiling note= |g limits= |roll rate= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |climb rate note= |time to altitude=9.15 min to 5,000 m (16,405 ft) |wing loading kg/m2= |wing loading lb/sqft= |wing loading note= |power/mass= |more performance=  |armament= *'''Fuselage guns''' 2×{{Convert|7.7|mm|in|3|abbr=on}} synchronised Vickers machine guns firing through the propeller arc. }}

{{aircontent  |see also= |related= |similar aircraft= |lists= }}

==References== {{commons category|Wibault 170}} <references>

<ref name=G&S>{{cite book |last=Green |first=William |first2= Gordon|last2= Swanborough |title=The Complete Book of Fighters |year=1994|publisher=Salamander Books|location=Godalming, UK|isbn=1-85833-777-1|pages=597}}</ref>

</references>   {{Wibault aircraft}}

Category:Parasol-wing aircraft Category:1920s French fighter aircraft Wib 170 Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft