{{short description|Private nonprofit organization}} The '''Western Pennsylvania Conservancy''' ('''WPC''') is a private nonprofit conservation organization founded in 1932 and headquartered in [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania. WPC has contributed land to 12 state parks and conserved more than 290,000 acres of natural lands. The Conservancy plants and maintains more than 130 gardens in 20 Western Pennsylvania counties, as well as planting tens of thousands of trees through its community forestry program. WPC has protected or restored more than {{convert|3000|mi}} of rivers and streams.<ref>{{cite web|last=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy|title=About WPC|url=http://waterlandlife.org/2/about}}</ref> In 1963, [[Edgar Kaufmann Jr.]] entrusted Frank Lloyd Wright's masterwork [[Fallingwater]] to the Conservancy. The house was called the most important building of the 20th century by the [[American Institute of Architects]].

WPC is organized as a 501(c)(3) Public Charity. In 2024 it claimed $32,834,272 in total revenue, $28,888,562 in total expenses, and $139,538,974 in total assets. It reported giving of $51,802.<ref>{{cite web |title=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy |url=https://app.candid.org/profile/7289667/western-pennsylvania-conservancy-25-1053485 |website=candid. |publisher=Candid.org |access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref>

[[Image:Fallingwater in Summer.jpg|thumb|right|Fallingwater, maintained and preserved by the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, is open to visitors.]]

==History== Three years into the Great Depression, ten citizens came together to found a nonprofit conservation organization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Found |url=http://waterlandlife.org/4/history/}}</ref> The organization’s goal was to alleviate widespread unemployment through public works programs that would also create a positive impact on the region’s natural resources. Formerly known as the Greater Pittsburgh Parks Association, WPC began its work landscaping a park along Pittsburgh's Bigelow Boulevard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Found |url=http://waterlandlife.org/5/}}</ref> By 1945, the Conservancy was acquiring large tracts of land in Lawrence County that eventually became part of McConnells Mill State Park. In 1961, a 300-acre wildflower reserve was acquired in Beaver County and is still considered to be one of the finest stands of native wildflowers in southwestern Pennsylvania. The wildflower reserve is now part of Raccoon Creek State Park.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://visitpa.com/pa-gardens-arboretums/raccoon-creek-state-park-wildflower-reserve|title=Raccoon Creek State Park Wildflower Reserve|work=VisitPA|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=50 Years of the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy|publisher=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy|year=1982|pages=19|lccn=82-51313}}</ref>

== Offices == The Western Pennsylvania Conservancy's main headquarters is in Pittsburgh. The organization has several regional offices: Indiana, Mill Run, Ridgway, Franklin, Ligonier, Hollidaysburg and Harrisburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waterlandlife.org/393/contact-us|title=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy {{!}} Contact Us|website=waterlandlife.org|language=en|access-date=2017-12-21}}</ref>

==Land and Water Conservation== The Conservancy has protected more than 290,000 acres of land since 1932. The Conservancy’s work enables protection of important natural resources and creates economic benefits through an area’s tourism, recreation and forestry. Most of the land preserved by WPC is now publicly owned, becoming some of Pennsylvania's premier parks, forests, game lands and natural areas, or subject to [[conservation easements]] that allow public access.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waterlandlife.org/land-conservation/explore-our-properties/|title = Explore our Preserves}}</ref> WPC acquired land for the creation of 11 state parks, including:

*[[Ohiopyle State Park]], including Ferncliff Peninsula National Natural Landmark *[[Laurel Ridge State Park]] *[[Oil Creek State Park]] *[[McConnell's Mill State Park]] *[[Moraine State Park]] *[[Erie Bluffs State Park]] *[[Canoe Creek State Park]] *[[Cook Forest State Park]] *[[Shawnee State Park (Pennsylvania)|Shawnee State Park]] *[[Raccoon Creek State Park]] *[[Clear Creek State Park]]

WPC also owns and manages nearly 15,000 acres of land on [https://waterlandlife.org/land-conservation/explore-our-preserves/ 45 nature preserves] throughout Western Pennsylvania. Many of these natural areas offer hiking trails for the public to enjoy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waterlandlife.org/107/hunters-and-hikers|title=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy {{!}} Visiting Our Preserves|website=waterlandlife.org|language=en|access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> Its largest natural area is Bear Run Nature Reserve in Fayette County, located down the road from [[Fallingwater]]. Totaling more than 5,100 acres, this nature preserve features 20 miles of hiking trails and several campsites.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waterlandlife.org/assets/Bear_Run_brochure_reduced.pdf|title=Bear Run Nature Reserve - Kaufmann Conservation on Bear Run|date=June 2016}}</ref>

WPC has also protected or restored more than 3,000 miles of waterways. Its watershed conservation work began as a technical assistance program for watershed groups in Western Pennsylvania. In 2011, the program was formalized to include a full suite of watershed restoration services for local communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waterlandlife.org/watershed-conservation/|title=Watershed Conservation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://waterlandlife.org/news/view/181|title=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy {{!}} Watershed Conservation Program Office Opens in Indiana County|newspaper=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy|language=en|access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> Currently, the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy's watershed conservation program offers in-stream monitoring and assessment, stream restoration and habitat improvement, abandoned mine drainage remediation, riparian buffer plantings, agricultural best management practices and other projects and surveys. The watershed conservation program also provides schools and students of all ages with hands-on educational presentations that help people understand the importance of clean water and healthy ecosystems in Pennsylvania.

==Community Gardens, Forestry and Greenspaces== WPC's community gardens and greenspace program plants and maintains 130 community gardens every spring in 20 Western Pennsylvania counties, with the help of approximately 10,000 volunteers annually.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Found |url=http://waterlandlife.org/36/gardens-and-greenspace}}</ref> For many decades, the Conservancy has worked with [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation|PennDOT]], municipalities and other local entities to transform vacant land into community flower gardens.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waterlandlife.org/243/community-gardens|title=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy {{!}} Community Flower Gardens|website=waterlandlife.org|language=en|access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> Many gardens feature native perennial beds to support pollinator habitat, and several gardens feature rain gardens and bioswales to help mitigate stormwater runoff and filter pollutants.

WPC is also the managing partner of TreeVitalize Pittsburgh, a joint project of [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny County]], [[City of Pittsburgh]], [https://www.treepittsburgh.org/resource/treevitalize-pittsburgh/ Tree Pittsburgh], [[Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources]] and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. Since 2008, with the help of thousands of volunteers TreeVitalize Pittsburgh has planted more than 41,000 trees since 2024 to improve the quality of life and the environment in the Pittsburgh region, including in Justice40 areas, which are disadvantaged communities that are marginalized, underserved, and overburdened by pollution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apps.dcnr.state.pa.us/news/resource/res2013/13-1113-treevitalize.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318162634/http://www.apps.dcnr.state.pa.us/news/resource/res2013/13-1113-treevitalize.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 18, 2014|title = TreeVitalize Pittsburgh plants 20,000th tree - November 13, 2013 resource - Pa. DCNR}}</ref> Through this program, any Allegheny County resident may apply for trees on behalf of their community and all trees are planted on public property.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waterlandlife.org/368/treevitalize-pittsburgh-frequently-asked-questions|title=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy {{!}} TreeVitalize Pittsburgh Frequently Asked Questions|website=waterlandlife.org|language=en|access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> Other community forestry projects led by the WPC include the Pittsburgh Redbud Project,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/life/lifestyle/2017/03/25/Pittsburgh-Redbud-Project-native-trees-Western-Pennsylvania-Conservancy-pink-riverfront/stories/201703060145|title=Two-year project continues to plant the town pink with redbuds|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=2017-12-28|language=en}}</ref> Trees for Ligonier, and the Pittsburgh Street Tree Inventory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://waterlandlife.org/417/community-forestry|title=Western Pennsylvania Conservancy {{!}} Community Forestry|website=waterlandlife.org|language=en|access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref>

The Conservancy’s School Grounds Greening program, in partnership with Pittsburgh Public Schools and supported by the Grable Foundation, PNC Grow Up Great and Richard King Mellon Foundation, has transformed concrete and/or grass-only areas into engaging, nature-focused outdoor play and greenspaces at nearly 80 schools in Pittsburgh and across the region since 2007. The projects provide outdoor classrooms, natural play spaces and low-care plantings to provide shade, landscape accents and natural points of interest for children.

Since 2005, with funding from Laurel Foundation, WPC grows, hangs and cares for more than 400 flower baskets that beautify bridges and major streets of the Golden Triangle during spring and summer months. Since 2008, with funding from Colcom Foundation, WPC plants and maintains seasonal flower displays in more than 400 large planters that line the streets of downtown Pittsburgh year round.

==Biodiversity Conservation and Conservation Science== The Western Pennsylvania Conservancy uses science as an essential tool to prioritize the places that it seeks to protect and set long-term conservation goals. Through its conservation science program and the [[Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program]] (PNHP), WPC scientists provide scientific information, expertise and assistance to support the conservation of Pennsylvania's biological diversity.

The PNHP is a partnership of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, the WPC, and the Pennsylvania Game Commission and the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program - Not Found |url=https://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/404.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/About_PNHP.aspx |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us}}</ref> Established in 1981, PNHP is responsible for the inventory and monitoring of threatened and endangered species of (both state and federal) and natural communities. The program also maintains the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) database,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gis.dcnr.state.pa.us/hgis-er/PNDI_Introduction.aspx/ |title=PNDI Introduction |website=www.gis.dcnr.state.pa.us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615235635/http://www.gis.dcnr.state.pa.us/hgis-er/PNDI_Introduction.aspx |archive-date=2010-06-15}}</ref> which contains records for threatened, endangered and other listed species and communities.

==Fallingwater== The [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]-designed [[Fallingwater]] house, perched over the [[Bear Run]] waterfall at [[Mill Run, Fayette County, Pennsylvania|Mill Run]], Pennsylvania, is an internationally renowned architectural landmark. Fallingwater was entrusted to the Conservancy by Edgar Kaufmann Jr. in October 1963.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fallingwater Facts |url=http://fallingwater.org/38/fallingwater-facts |website=fallingwater.org}}</ref> Included with this gift was more than 460 acres of surrounding land known as Bear Run Nature Reserve, now expanded to more than 5,100 acres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Located |url=http://waterlandlife.org/163/}}</ref> The Kaufmann family became acquainted with the Conservancy when they were involved with the early acquisition of Ferncliff Peninsula, later to become the cornerstone of Ohiopyle State Park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/portfolio/2013/10/27/Kaufmann-makes-a-gift-of-parents-Fallingwater/stories/201310270055|title=Eyewitness 1963: Kaufmann makes a gift of parents' Fallingwater}}</ref>

Received under a deed of trust, the donation requires the Conservancy to preserve and maintain the buildings. In 2013, more than 160,000 people visited the house and grounds of Fallingwater, and Fallingwater’s total visitation has surpassed six million guests since it opened to the public in 1964.

On July 10, 2019, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Committee inscribed Fallingwater and seven other Frank Lloyd Wright-designed sites to the [https://fallingwater.org/world-heritage-site/ UNESCO World Heritage List] at a meeting in Baku, Azerbaijan.

The inscription, The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, to the UNESCO World Heritage List represents the first modern architecture designations in the United States.

Guided tours are offered daily from March through November, except Wednesdays, and weekends during December.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fallingwater Not Found |url=https://fallingwater.org/error/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=Fallingwater |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also== * [[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]] * [[List of Pennsylvania state parks]] * [[conservation biology|Conservation]] * [[Architectural conservation]]

==References== {{Reflist|33em}}

==External links== * [https://waterlandlife.org/ official Western Pennsylvania Conservancy website] * [http://www.fallingwater.org/ official Fallingwater website] * [http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?type=simple;c=ascead;view=text;subview=outline;didno=US-PPiU-AIS199913 Finding aid to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy Records] at the Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh

{{Protected Areas of Pennsylvania}} {{Pittsburgh}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|40|27|51.73|N|79|58|37.10|W|display=title}}

[[Category:Land trusts in Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Pittsburgh]] [[Category:Environment of Pennsylvania]]