{{short description|Self-reported questionnaire used to assist in the diagnosis of ADHD in adults}} The '''Wender Utah Rating Scale''' ('''WURS''') is a psychological assessment tool used to help diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It is a self-report questionnaire that asks individuals to retrospectively recall and rate the frequency and severity of symptoms they experienced during childhood that are characteristic of ADHD.<ref name="pmid8494063">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ward MF, Wender PH, Reimherr FW |title=The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=150 |issue=6 |pages=885–90 |date=June 1993 |pmid=8494063 |doi=10.1176/ajp.150.6.885}}</ref><ref name="pmid33493947">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gift TE, Reimherr ML, Marchant BK, Steans TA, Reimherr FW |title=Wender Utah Rating Scale: Psychometrics, clinical utility and implications regarding the elements of ADHD |journal=Journal of Psychiatric Research |volume=135 |issue= |pages=181–188 |date=March 2021 |pmid=33493947 |doi=10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.013}}</ref> The assessment was released in 1993 after being developed by Paul H. Wender and his colleagues at the University of Utah School of Medicine.<ref name="pmid8494063"/><ref name="pmid33493947"/><ref name="Das 2020">{{cite web |last=Das |first=Dibash |title=Study Supports Using WURS and ASRS Jointly to Assess Adult ADHD |website=Psychiatry Advisor |date=28 April 2020 |url=https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/home/topics/adhd/study-supports-using-wurs-and-asrs-jointly-to-assess-adult-adhd/ |access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>
==Versions== The WURS exists in two main versions:<ref name="pmid33493947"/><ref name="Das 2020"/><ref name="pmid32285644">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brevik EJ, Lundervold AJ, Haavik J, Posserud MB |title=Validity and accuracy of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) symptom checklists in discriminating between adults with and without ADHD |journal=Brain and Behavior |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=e01605 |date=June 2020 |pmid=32285644 |pmc=7303368 |doi=10.1002/brb3.1605}}</ref> * WURS-61: The original 61-item version, which covers a wider range of symptoms and potential confounding factors. * WURS-25: A shorter 25-item version designed for increased efficiency and ease of administration.
===Translations=== The WURS-61 and the condensed WURS-25 have been translated into several languages, including French, Italian, Spanish, Bulgarian, Swedish, Chinese, Turkish, and Persian.<ref name="pmid35987714">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caci H, Didier C, Wynchank D |title=Retrospective diagnosis of childhood ADHD using the Wender Utah Rating Scale |journal=L'Encephale |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=481–488 |date=October 2023 |pmid=35987714 |doi=10.1016/j.encep.2022.05.009}}</ref><ref name="pmid20399344">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caci HM, Bouchez J, Baylé FJ |title=An aid for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder at adulthood: psychometric properties of the French versions of two Wender Utah Rating Scales (WURS-25 and WURS-K) |journal=Comprehensive Psychiatry |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=325–31 |date=2010 |pmid=20399344 |doi=10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.05.006 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010440X09000698|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
In 2002, a modified German short form of the WURS, WURS‑K (Kurzversion; also WURS‑G) was released. This 21-item scale shares 17 items with the WURS-25.<ref name="pmid35987714"/><ref name="pmid20399344"/><ref name="pmid12215873">{{cite journal |vauthors=Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Blocher D, Weijers HG, Trott GE, Wender PH, Rösler M |title=Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K) Die deutsche Kurzform zur retrospektiven Erfassung des hyperkinetischen Syndroms bei Erwachsenen |trans-title=Wender Utah rating scale. The short-version for the assessment of the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults |journal=Der Nervenarzt |volume=73 |issue=9 |pages=830–838 |date=September 2002 |language=de |doi=10.1007/s00115-001-1215-x |pmid=12215873 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00115-001-1215-x|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Scoring== The Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) scores the same set of 25 questions in both the abbreviated version (WURS-25) and the extended version (WURS-61), which includes an additional 36 unscored questions. Respondents rate each question on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0 points ("not at all or very slightly") to 4 points ("very much"). The cumulative score spans from 0 to 100. A cutoff score of 36 or higher was able to accurately identify 96% of adults with ADHD and 96% of adults without ADHD. When the cutoff score was raised to 46 or higher, the assessment was able to accurately identify 86% of adults with ADHD and 99% of adults without ADHD.<ref name="pmid8494063"/><ref name="pmid32285644"/>
For the German short form (WURS-K), a cutoff score of 30 or higher is typically used to indicate a childhood history of ADHD symptoms, demonstrating a retest reliability of 90%. While the WURS-K and WURS-25 are highly correlated, research indicates that their cutoff scores are not directly interchangeable due to the WURS-K containing fewer items and focusing more on antisocial behavior compared to the mood and self-esteem factors found in the WURS-25.<ref name="pmid35987714"/><ref name="pmid20399344"/><ref name="pmid12215873"/>
==See also== * Diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Mental and behavioral disorders|selected=childhood}} {{Psychiatry}} {{Psychology}}
Category:ADHD self-report inventories