Waynea

{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2025}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Waynea adscendens 1623775135.jpg | image_caption = ''Waynea adscendens'' | taxon = Waynea | authority = Moberg (1990) | type_species = ''Waynea californica'' | type_species_authority = Moberg (1990) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''W. adscendens''<br /> ''W. algarvensis''<br /> ''W. californica''<br /> ''W. cretica''<br /> ''W. giraltiae''<br /> ''W. hirsuta'' }}

'''''Waynea''''' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. The genus was established in 1990 by the Swedish lichenologist Roland Moberg and named after the Wayne family who helped organize his collecting trip to California, where he collected the type species. The tiny lichens in ''Waynea'' form patches made up of scale-like lobes less than half a millimetre across, with powdery cushions that help them spread without sexual reproduction. The genus contains six species. Most records are from southern and western Europe, particularly around the Mediterranean region, but it has also been reported from Russia (including Siberia) and western North America. Species of ''Waynea'' are corticolous, growing on the bark of trees and other woody plants (often oaks) in small patches that can coalesce into mats only a few millimetres wide.

==Taxonomy==

Waynea was circumscribed in 1990 by the Swedish lichenologist Roland Moberg, who erected the genus to accommodate the new Californian species ''Waynea californica''. Moberg placed his squamulose, sorediate lichen in the then-recognised family Bacidiaceae on account of its ''Bacidia''-type asci, three-septate ascospores and {{lichengloss|biatorine}}, stalked apothecia (fruiting bodies), but he noted that it differed sharply from related genera in lacking secondary metabolites and a prothallus. He named the genus in honour of the Wayne family who had helped organise his collecting trip to Big Sur.<ref name="Moberg 1990"/>

Subsequent morphological and molecular work showed that Bacidiaceae is not distinct from Ramalinaceae;<ref name="Frey 2016"/> current syntheses therefore place ''Waynea'' within that family.<ref name="CoL_CF7ZN"/><ref name="2024 Outline"/> The genus remains recognised by its minute, often ascending squamules, stalked soralia or apothecia, and ''Bacidia''-type asci with colourless, up-to-five-septate spores.

==Description==

''Waynea'' forms diminutive, olive- to brown-green patches made up of tiny, scale-like lobes called {{lichengloss|squamules}}. Each squamule is convex, often lifts slightly from the bark, and measures less than 0.5&nbsp;mm across, but neighbouring thalli can coalesce into mats only a few millimetres wide. Pale swellings appear on the upper surface; these burst open to create short-stalked, cup-shaped soralia—powdery cushions that release soredia, the microscopic packets of algal and fungal cells used for vegetative spread. Occasional short-stemmed, bluish-grey apothecia (sexual fruit bodies) are also produced; their rim is pale and unpigmented, making them easy to overlook against the soralia—especially because both structures are barely half a millimetre across.<ref name="Moberg 1990"/>

In section, the upper {{lichengloss|cortex}} is 20–30&nbsp;μm thick and built of rounded, tightly packed cells, while the lower surface lacks any protective layer. A loose white medulla envelops ''Myrmecia''-type green algal cells (spherical, 5–10&nbsp;μm in diameter). The apothecial tissue contains slender, unbranched paraphyses with slightly swollen tips and cylindrical–clavate asci that each bear eight colourless, three-septate ascospores measuring 13–19 × 3–4&nbsp;μm; the ascus apex stains blue in iodine, an amyloid reaction. No secondary lichen substances were detected in thin-layer chromatography of the type species, and the genus is further distinguished by the absence of a {{lichengloss|prothallus}} outlining the thallus margin.<ref name="Moberg 1990"/>

==Habitat and distribution== Species of ''Waynea'' are corticolous lichens, growing on the bark of trees and other woody plants,<ref name="Rico 1991"/> with records spanning lowland coastal sites in the Algarve,<ref name="van den Boom & Giralt 2012"/> to montane coniferous–broadleaf forests in the Western Caucasus.<ref name="Urbanavichene & Urbanavichus 2025"/> Hosts recorded include oaks (''Quercus''),<ref name="Rico 1991"/> including ''Q.&nbsp;rotundifolia'',<ref name="van den Boom 2010"/> ''Q.&nbsp;coccifera'',<ref name="Llop 2006"/> ''Q.&nbsp;petraea'',<ref name="Palice et al. 2018"/> and ''Q.&nbsp;congesta'',<ref name="Ravera et al. 2018"/> as well as ''Acer sempervirens'',<ref name="Llop 2006"/> ''Platanus orientalis'',<ref name="Llop 2006"/> ''Olea europaea'',<ref name="van den Boom & Giralt 2012"/> ''Ulmus'' spp.,<ref name="Urbanavichene & Urbanavichus 2025"/> and ''Populus balsamifera''.<ref name="Tretiach 1998"/> Collections have been made on both exposed and shaded trunk surfaces along roadsides,<ref name="Moberg 1990"/> as well as in more sheltered microhabitats such as deep trunk fissures on old bark.<ref name="Palice et al. 2018"/>

In the Mediterranean region, ''W.&nbsp;cretica'' occurs on Crete in thermo- to meso-mediterranean belts (warm to moderately warm climate zones) at {{convert|100|and|500|m|ft|abbr=on}},<ref name="Llop 2006"/> in humid ravines and canyons,<ref name="Llop 2006"/> and it has also been recorded from several localities in Portugal's Algarve.<ref name="van den Boom & Giralt 2012"/> ''Waynea algarvensis'' is known only from the Algarve, where it inhabits lowland coastal sites at {{convert|15|–|50|m|ft|abbr=on}},<ref name="van den Boom & Giralt 2012"/> and has been found at only two localities despite the abundance of apparently suitable habitat in the region.<ref name="van den Boom & Giralt 2012"/>

''Waynea adscendens'' was described from Spain on ''Q.&nbsp;rotundifolia'',<ref name="Rico 1991"/> and has since been recorded from France,<ref name="Bricaud & Roux 1993"/> Portugal,<ref name="van den Boom 2010"/> and Russia (Krasnodar Krai).<ref name="Urbanavichene & Urbanavichus 2025"/> ''Waynea giraltiae'' was first documented from the south-western Iberian Peninsula (Alentejo and Algarve in Portugal, and one locality in south-western Spain), where it occurs at {{cvt|125|–|560|m}} on ''Q.&nbsp;rotundifolia'' and forms sparse epiphytic communities.<ref name="van den Boom 2010"/> Later records extend its range to Slovakia (Muránska planina plateau),<ref name="Palice et al. 2018"/> Sicily (Mount Etna),<ref name="Ravera et al. 2018"/> and the Western Caucasus in Russia (Lago-Naki plateau, Republic of Adygea).<ref name="Urbanavichene & Urbanavichus 2025"/> The Russian material was collected on old elms in dark coniferous–broadleaf forest at about 1,800&nbsp;m, and a regional summary characterises the species as mainly associated with broadleaf and mixed forests, typically below {{cvt|500|–|600|m}}, with occasional high-elevation occurrences around {{cvt|1500|m}}.<ref name="Urbanavichene & Urbanavichus 2025"/> At the time of its description, ''W.&nbsp;giraltiae'' was known from only five localities despite targeted searches, suggesting that it may be genuinely scarce in its type area.<ref name="van den Boom 2010"/>

Outside Europe, ''W.&nbsp;californica'' is known from a few sites in California (including the Big Sur region and the Santa Lucia Range),<ref name="Moberg 1990"/> where it grows on solitary trees in relatively open roadside habitats, especially on oaks.<ref name="Moberg 1990"/> In Washington State it has been reported rarely, and has been proposed for monitoring as an oak-obligate indicator species in Garry oak woodlands.<ref name="Villella et al. 2013"/> ''Waynea hirsuta'' is known from the Lake Baikal region of central Siberia (Tunkinsky District),<ref name="Tretiach 1998"/> where the type material was collected on old ''P.&nbsp;balsamifera'' within a closed stand of ''Pinus sibirica''.<ref name="Tretiach 1998"/>

==Species== {{As of|2025|June}}, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept six species of ''Waynea'':<ref name="CoL_CF7ZN"/> *''Waynea adscendens'' {{au|V.J.Rico (1991)}}<ref name="Bricaud & Roux 1993"/> *''Waynea algarvensis'' {{au|van den Boom (2012)}}<ref name="van den Boom & Giralt 2012"/> *''Waynea californica'' {{au|Moberg (1990)}}<ref name="Moberg 1990"/> *''Waynea cretica'' {{au|Llop (2006)}}<ref name="Llop 2006"/> *''Waynea giraltiae'' {{au|van den Boom (2010)}}<ref name="van den Boom 2010"/> *''Waynea hirsuta'' {{au|Tretiach (1999)}}<ref name="Tretiach 1998"/>

The taxon ''Waynea stoechadiana'' {{au|(Abbassi Maaf & Cl.Roux) Cl.Roux & P.Clerc (1991)}} is now classified in the genus ''Hypocenomyce'' as ''Hypocenomyce stoechadiana''.<ref name="IF: Waynea stoechadiana"/>

==References== <references>

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</references>

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10719430}}

Category:Ramalinaceae Category:Lichen genera Category:Lecanorales genera Category:Taxa described in 1990 Category:Taxa named by Roland Moberg