{{short description|Netherlands class of warships}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image=Dutch Sloop Marnix 1867-1908.jpg |image_caption=The ''Marnix'' of the Watergeus class }}
|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview |name=''Watergeus'' class |builders=''Rijkswerf Amsterdam'' |operators={{navy|Netherlands}} |class_before= |class_after= |subclasses= |cost= |built_range= |in_service_range= |in_commission_range= |total_ships_building= |total_ships_planned=3 |total_ships_completed=2 |total_ships_canceled=1 |total_ships_active= |total_ships_laid_up= |total_ships_lost= |total_ships_scrapped= |total_ships_preserved= }}
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |type=screw sloop-of-war |displacement= 1.405 tons |length={{convert|58.00|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} |beam={{convert|9.74|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} |draught={{convert|4.90|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} |power=*280 nominal horsepower *{{convert|770|ihp|kW|abbr=out|lk=in}} |propulsion= |speed={{convert|10|kn|km/h|abbr=out|lk=in}}{{sfn|Tweede Kamer|1875|loc=Bijlage A Algemeen Overzigt der Schepen en vaartuigen van oorlog op den 1sten Augustus 1875}} |range= |complement=130 (149-175 in Dutch East Indies){{sfn|Koloniaal Verslag|1870|p=Bijlage E}} |sensors= |EW= |armament=* Watergeus: * 2 x RML 16 cm No. 1 * 4 x RML 16 cm No. 3 * Marnix: * 2 x RML 7-inch Armstrong Gun * 2 x RML 16 cm No. 3 |armour= ship made of wood |notes= }} }} The '''''Watergeus'' class''' was a class of screw sloop-of-war of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The class comprised the 'Watergeus' and the Marnix. A third ship that had been planned was cancelled.
==Dutch Naval Plans in the 1860s== === The Secretary for the navy inherits a construction plan === The career officer Willem Huyssen van Kattendijke became Secretary for the navy on 14 March 1861. He of course inherited the ship-building program of his predecessor Mr. J.S. Lotsy, secretary for the navy from 1 August 1856 till 14 March 1861. This severely limited the new secretary's options for the East Indies. He first had to finish all 6 of the Djambi's laid down by his predecessor, before he could start to execute his own plans.
Huyssen van Kattendijke was quite negative about the Djambi's as heaviest ships in the Dutch East Indies. While he admitted that steam frigates of 500 men were too costly, he thought that only ships that had their guns below decks (the 'kuilschip') were real warships. He therefore proposed a heavy steam corvette with 22 guns below-decks, 350 nominal horse power, 250 men, a draught of no more than 20 feet, and costing about 1,000,000 guilders, i.e. 200,000 more than a Djambi. It would be able to execute most of the tasks required in Europe and in the Indies.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010136904:mpeg21:p009| work = Algemeen Handelsblad| title=Ontwerp van wet op de Middelen | date=8 October 1861}}</ref>
=== 1862: Battle of Hampton Roads === The March 1862 Battle of Hampton Roads saw an armored confederate ship easily sinking two Union frigates. It put a temporary end to the secretary's plan to build a significant number of heavy corvettes. Building armored ships would be a logical alternative, but the Dutch industry first had to build a capability to do so.
In late 1862 an important report (enquete) mentioned that the 'steamships third class' like the Reteh and Vesuvius (both of the Vesuvius class) were suitable for service in the Dutch East Indies.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010902434:mpeg21:p006 | work = Middelburgsche courant | title=Enquête omtrent de zeemagt die Nederland behoeft | date=16 October 1862}}</ref> In late 1863 the secretary announced that he had started the construction of an 'improved Reteh'. To be on the safe side, only one ship would be built at first.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010389388:mpeg21:p006 | work = Rotterdamsche courant | title=Departement van Marine | date=14 November 1863}}</ref>
==Design== The ''Watergeus'' was initially supposed to be an 'improved Reteh'. She would be laid down as a 'Schroefstoomschip 4de klasse'.<ref name="Rotterdam, 7 Februarij">{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010110622:mpeg21:p002 | work = Nieuwe Rotterdamsche courant | title=Rotterdam, 7 Februarij | date=8 February 1863 }}</ref> Later on, it would be described as modeled on the CSS Alabama. The dimensions of the ship support this. The length between perpendiculars of the ''Reteh'' was 45.5 m, the ''Watergeus'' 58.0 m, the ''Alabama'' 65.2m (213.8 feet). The name ''Watergeus'' gives further support to this belief. The Geuzen were buccaneers like the crew of the ''Alabama''. The second ship was named for Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde a person closely associated with the Geuzen.
Classification of the ''Watergeus'' as a screw sloop-of-war has to do with the rigging of the ship. In the Netherlands as well as in England, only ships with full rigging on all three masts were called ships, and the smallest of these were called corvettes.{{sfn|Tideman|1859|p=290}} ''Watergeus'' had three masts, but with only Fore-and-aft rig on the mizzen mast. In English this made the ''Watergeus'' a sloop-of-war, the ship category right below the corvette.
==Propulsion== The Watergeus class had machines of 280 nominal horsepower made by Van Vlissingen en Dudok van Heel in Amsterdam. When the Dutch shifted to using indicated horse power, the machines were measured at 770 indicated horse power.{{sfn|Tideman|1880|p=2e afd p. 12}} The difference is due to nominal horse power not taking steam pressure into account. Therefore indicated horse power is a better measure.
The Watergeus had a displacement of 1,405 tons as opposed to the 2,030 tons of the Djambi class. It had somewhat more power, and an equal length. The Watergeus class attained a maximum speed of 12 knots on her trials<ref name=stat84>{{Cite news |url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010790845:mpeg21:p005 | newspaper = Staatscourant | title=Binnenlandsche Berigten | date=December 4, 1864| page=5|accessdate=April 21, 2019 | language=Dutch}}</ref> 10 years later, in 1875 she was registered as making 10 knots maximum {{sfn|Tweede Kamer|1875|loc=Bijlage A Algemeen Overzigt der Schepen en vaartuigen van oorlog op den 1sten Augustus 1875}}
==Armament== thumb|RML 16 cm No. 1 as placed on ''Watergeus''
The Watergeus class had fewer guns than the preceding Djambi's. However, the guns that they did have were much better. At least two guns on ''Watergeus'' were long 16 cm RML's, shooting a 100 pound bullet, placed on pivots between the masts.<ref name=stat84 /> These long 16 cm guns had been designed especially for ''Watergeus'' by De Fremery, Head of Artillery of the Navy. He designed the guns in March 1863, and in 1864, bronze guns of this type were commissioned from the firm of J.J. Maritz in The Hague, and steel guns of the same type from Krupp in Essen, Germany. De Fremery also commissioned a model of the gun as placed on ''Watergeus''.{{sfn|Van der Vliet|2016|p=Model of a 16-cm Gun on a Pivot and Slide on Part of a Gun Deck}} From the dimensions of this model (34 cm long, by 1.6 cm caliber) it can be pinpointed as a 16 cm No. 1, weighing 75% more than the No. 3.
The four other 16 cm guns on the Watergeus were the 'Getrokken Kanon 16 cm No. 3' shooting a 60 pound bullet. These were also present on the Djambi's. Unlike the Djambi's the Watergeus class did not have classic smooth-bore guns.
''Marnix'' was even better armed. It would get two RML 7-inch Armstrong Gun (which each weighed more than twice as much as the RML 16 cm No. 1), and two 'Getrokken Kanon 16 cm No. 3'.
==Construction== Of the 3 ships planned, only the Watergeus and Marnix were finished.
{| class="wikitable" |- ! width="220" | Name ! width="150" | Laid down ! width="150" | Launched ! width="150" | Commissioned ! Fate |- | {{HNLMS|Watergeus|1864|2}} | 7 Feb 1863 <ref name="Rotterdam, 7 Februarij"/> | 17 June 1864 <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010139233:mpeg21:p001 | work = Nederlandsche staatscourant| title=Amsterdam, Zaturdag 18 Junij | date=20 June 1864 }}</ref> | 1 November 1864 <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010790802:mpeg21:p002 | work = Nederlandsche staatscourant| title=Binnenlandsche Berigten | date=15 October 1864 }}</ref> | |- | {{HNLMS|Marnix|1867|2}} | 1 May 1865{{sfn|Departement van Marine|1869|p=110}} | 6 June 1867 <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBDDD02:000203441:mpeg21:p002| work = Rotterdamsche courant| title=Marine en Leger | date=7 June 1867 }}</ref> | 1 July 1868 <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010782505:mpeg21:p003 | newspaper=Staatscourant| title=Binnenlandsche Berigten | date=June 13, 1868|accessdate=April 21, 2019|language=Dutch}}</ref> | |- | ? | Cancelled 1866 | | | |}
==References== * {{citation |last=Tideman |first=B.J. |year=1880 |title=Memoriaal van de Marine |publisher=Van Heteren Amsterdam |url=https://proxy.archieven.nl/0/7F6BF76519C84FD7B51DF5FF91D869A9}} * {{citation |last=Tideman |first=B.J. |year=1859 |title=Verhandeling over de scheepsbouwkunde als wetenschap |publisher=Hulst van Keulen Amsterdam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgBSAAAAcAAJ}} * {{citation |last=Tweede Kamer|year=1875 |title=Bijlagen van het verslag der Handelingen |publisher=Nederlandsche Staatscourant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEk9AQAAMAAJ}} * {{citation |last=Van der Vliet|year=2016|title=Rijkswerf Amsterdam, Model of a 16-cm Gun on a Pivot and Slide on Part of a Gun Deck, Amsterdam, 1865' |publisher=Rijksmuseum |url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/NG-MC-1186/catalogus-entry}} * {{citation |last=Departement van Marine |year=1869 |title=Koninklijke Nederlandsche Marine op den 1sten Januarij 1869 |publisher=Gebroeders van Cleef |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffRTAAAAcAAJ}} * {{citation |last=Koloniaal Verslag|year=1870 |title=Oorlog en Gouvernements-marine in Nederlands-Indië |url=http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=sgd:18701871:0000290:pdf}}
==Notes== {{Reflist|2}}
{{1865-1889DutchShips}}
Category:19th-century naval ships of the Netherlands Category:Sloops of the Royal Netherlands Navy Category:Ships built by Rijkswerf Amsterdam