{{short description|Horse breed}} {{Infobox horse |name= Warlander |image=Warlander Horse.jpeg |image_caption= | standard = [https://kleinpferde-und-spezialpferderassen.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Zuchtprogramm-Warlander.pdf BZVKS] (in German) |features= |altname= Andalusian-Friesian |nickname= |country= }}
The '''Warlander''' is a crossbreed produced by crossing Friesian horses with horses of a purebred registered Iberian horse breed such as the Andalusian, Lusitano, or Menorquín.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://warlanderstudbooksociety.com.au/#/breed-standard/4572174509|title=Home|work=warlanderstudbooksociety.com.au|access-date=10 April 2015}}</ref>
== History == For much of the sixteenth century, the Low Countries were under Spanish rule; Iberian horses brought there from Spain may have influenced the development of local horse types including the Friesian.{{r|loch|p=89}}
The Classical Sporthorse Stud in Western Australia named the breed after their association with veterinarian Warwick Vale in the late twentieth century.<ref name="warlander.com.au">{{Cite web |url=http://www.warlander.com.au/warlanderhistory.htm |title=Warlander History - Classical Sporthorse Stud |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-date=2012-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330183817/http://www.warlander.com.au/warlanderhistory.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://warlanderstudbooksociety.com.au/#/breed-history/4572174443 | title=Forms and Payment}}</ref>
thumb| The Warlander is not listed by the Universal Equine Life Number foundation.<ref>[http://www.ueln.net/ueln-code-database/find-organizations-for-one-breed/ UELN Database], Universal Equine Life Number, retrieved August 14, 2011</ref> A bred standard is published by the {{lang|de|Bayerischer Zuchtverband für Kleinpferde und Spezialpferderassen|italic=no}}, which has a UELN number.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ueln.net/ueln-code-database/find-organization-with-ueln-code/|title=Find organization with UELN code|work=ueln.net|access-date=10 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Zuchtziele des Warlanders (Breeding objectives of Warlanders)|publisher=Bayerischer Zuchtverband für Kleinpferde und Spezialpferderassen|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spezialpferderassen.de%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F51-rassebeschreibungen%2F187-zuchtziele-des-warlanders.html&act=url|access-date=May 9, 2012}}</ref> {{Dubious |Talk section name |reason= This is contradictory|date=June 2015}}
==Characteristics==
Significant debate exists over whether a Warlander will only obtain genetic benefit if it is an F1 hybrid.<ref name=AM/> A crossbred animal is likely to enjoy hybrid vigor and therefore have genetic gains over both of its parents.<ref name=AM/> However, there is uncertainty over whether an F2 horse - produced by a Warlander-Warlander, Warlander-Andalusian, or Warlander-Friesian pairing - would be likely to suffer from genetic atavism.<ref name=AM/> The statistically tiny number of F2 and subsequent generation Warlander horses bred internationally has meant empirical resolution of this question has not yet been possible.<ref name=AM>Maharaj, Akaash (2011). A 21st Century Breeding Programme for the 21st Century Cavalry. Toronto: UNICEF Team Canada</ref> {{Dubious |Talk section name |reason= The global registry reports no issues with Atavism with Warlander horses now being bred in third generation mainly due to the broader gene pool from use of all registered Friesian horses and all purebred Iberian horse breeds|date=June 2015}} <ref>{{Cite web | url=http://warlanderstudbooksociety.com.au/#/warlander-faqs/4572184596 | title=Forms and Payment}}</ref> The Warlander Studbook Society acknowledges that the following genetic defects are known to come from the base breeds of the Warlander and WSS breeders must notify the society if any horses show the following - Cryptorchidism, Monorchidism, Dwarfism, Fallen Crest, Water head/crown head foals (hydrocephalus) and Mesocolic Rente.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://warlanderstudbooksociety.com.au/#/breeding/4572175196 | title=Forms and Payment}}</ref>
== References == {{commonscat}} {{reflist|45em|refs=
<ref name=loch>Sylvia Loch (1986). [https://archive.org/details/royalhorseofeuro0000loch/page/89/mode/1up ''The Royal Horse of Europe: The Story of the Andalusian and Lusitano'']. London: J.A. Allen. {{isbn|9780851314228}}.</ref>
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== External links == *[http://warlanderstudbooksociety.com.au Warlander Studbook Society] * [http://www.warlander.org/ International Warlander Society and Registry] {{as of|April 2015}} is live but may move soon * [http://www.spezialpferderassen.de/ Bavarian Specialist Breed Registry] *[http://warlanderstudbooksociety.com.au/#/breed-history/4572174443 history link]
Category:Horse breeds