Wangaaypuwan

{{short description|Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales}} {{use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} {{Use Australian English|date=July 2018}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Wongaibon | image = | caption = | population = possibly under 100<br />{{small|(less than 1% of the [[Australia]]n population, less than 1% of the [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] population)}} | regions = [[Australia]]<br />{{smaller|([[New South Wales]])}} | languages = [[English language|English]] | religions = [[Aboriginal mythology]] | related = }}

The '''Wangaaypuwan''', also known as the '''Wongaibon''' or '''Ngiyampaa Wangaaypuwan''', are an [[Aboriginal Australian]] people who traditionally lived between [[Nyngan]], the headwaters of Bogan Creek, and on Tigers Camp and Boggy Cowal creeks{{sfn|''Countries and their Cultures''}}{{sfn|Cameron|1885|pp=345–346}}{{sfn|Woods|1879}}{{sfn|Balfe|1887|pp=380–381}} and west to [[Ivanhoe, New South Wales]].{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=201}} They are a clan of the [[Ngiyampaa]] nation.

==Ethnonym== The tribal [[ethnonym]] derives from their word for "no", variously transcribed ''worjai'',{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=201}} ''wonghi''{{sfn|Cameron|1885|p=346}} or ''wangaay''.{{sfn|Office of Environment & Heritage|2011}}{{sfn|Smart|Creaser|Monaghan|2000}}

==Language== {{main|Ngiyambaa language}} They spoke a distinct dialect of the [[Ngiyambaa language]]. The last known speaker was a woman called "Old Nanny", from whom a list of sixty words was collected. She died sometime around 1914.{{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=28}}

Like other Ngiyampaa people such as the [[Weilwan|Wayilwan]], they also referred to themselves according to their home country.{{sfn|Office of Environment & Heritage|2011}}{{sfn|Smart|Creaser|Monaghan|2000}}

==Country== According to anthropologist [[Norman Tindale]], the Wangaaypuwans' traditional lands extended over some {{convert|27,000|mi2|km2}} of territory, taking in the headwaters of the [[Bogan River]], the Tiger's Camp and Boggy Cowal creeks. Their area encompassed [[Trida, New South Wales|Trida]], [[Narromine]], [[Nyngan]], [[Girilambone, New South Wales|Girilambone]], [[Cobar]], and [[Gilgunnia]]. The western boundary lay around [[Ivanhoe, New South Wales|Ivanhoe]] and near the Neckarboo Range. Their southern borders ran to [[Trundle, New South Wales|Trundle]]. When severe drought struck they were known to venture into [[Wiradjuri]] land, to their west,{{sfn|Cameron|1903|p=47}} on the [[Lachlan River]] and [[Little Billabong, New South Wales|Little Billabong]] Creek..{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=201}}

==Social organisation== According to an early observer, A. L. P. Cameron, the Wangaaypuwans' social divisions were as follows:{{sfn|Cameron|1885|p=348}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Classes !! Totems |- | rowspan=1 | ''Ipai'' || ''wagun'' (crow) |- | rowspan=1 | ''Kumbu'' || ''murua'' (kangaroo) |- | rowspan=1 | ''Murri'' || ''tali'' (iguana) |- | rowspan=1 | ''Kubbi'' || ''kuru'' (bandicoot); ''kurakai'' (opossum) |- |}

The Wangaaypuwan intermarried with the [[Wiradjuri]], and the marriage pattern, again according to Cameron, was as follows:{{sfn|Cameron|1885|p=350}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Male !! Marries !! Children are |- | (M) ''Ipai'' || (F) ''Matha'' || ''Murri''/''Matha'' |- | (M) ''Kumbu'' || (F) ''Kubbitha'' || ''Kubbi''/''Kubbitha'' |- | (M) ''Murri'' || (F) ''Ipatha'' || ''Ipai''/''Ipatha'' |- | (M) ''Kubbi'' || (F) ''Butha'' || ''Kumbu''/''Butha'' |} Cameron elsewhere{{sfn|Cameron|1902b|p=176}} states that ''Ipatha, Butha, Matha'' and ''Kubbitha'' were the female equivalents of Ipai, Kumbu, Murri and Kubbi.

There were five grades classified for the ages of man: a boy was ''eramurrung'', ''bimbadjeri'' during the initiatory months, then ''bigumjeri''. On reaching middle age, he became ''gibera'' and in old age ''giribung''.{{sfn|Cameron|1885|p=360, n.1}}

==Lore== According to a Wangaaypuwan story, the emu once had enormous wings, and, flying high, grew curious at the sight of numerous birds engaged in fishing in a lake. On its descent, the other species flew off in alarm, save for the [[Brolga|brolga or native companion]]. The emu inquired about how it might learn the craft of fishing, and the brolga, with treacherous mischief in mind, told it that to trawl up fish, it would have to have its immense wings removed which, on the emu consenting, the native companion set about doing, and, once the shearing was completed, scorned the emu, which was now deprived of flight. On meeting up again after many years, it turned out the emu had a brood of ten chicks, while the brolga had only one. The brolga apologized for her bad behaviour and was forgiven. But, unable to change her malicious ways, she jumped at the excuse provided by the emu's admission it was hard to feed her nurslings, by suggesting they eat them.

Once more the emu was inveigled into accepting the brolga's advice, only, once the latter had gorged itself, to be cajoled for its stupidity in having its young killed. On a third occasion, the brolga, seeing the emu on a brood of 10 eggs, tried to get them, but was fended off as the emu rushed off the nest and charged the native companion. It in turn, leapt at the opportunity to smash the eggs by dropping down from the sky. Only one remained intact. The outraged emu, finding nothing to throw at her antagonist, took this last egg and launched it after the brolga as it flew high into the sky. It hit its target, and, as it broke, formed the sun.{{sfn|Cameron|1903|p=47}}

==Alternative names and spellings== * ''Mudall''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=201}} * ''Wongai-bun'' * ''Wonghi'' * ''Wonghibon''{{sfn|Cameron|1885|p=345}} * ''Wonghibone'' * ''Wonghibone'' * ''Wongi-boner'' * ''Wo'yaibun'' (typo){{sfn|Ridley|1873|p=259}} * ''Wungai'' * ''Wuzai/Wozai'' (z = substitute for the ''ng'' ( ŋ) symbol by Ridley){{sfn|Ridley|1873|p=260}}

==Some words == Source: Wangaaypuwan dictionary<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wangaaypuwan.org.au/view.php?data=az | title=Az - Ngiyampaa Wangaaypuwan Dictionary }}</ref> * ''paapaa'' (father) * ''kunii'' (mother) * ''purraay'' (child) * ''palkaa'' (boomerang) * ''mirri'' (tame dog) * ''wampuy'' (rock kangaroo) * ''winarr'' (woman, wife) * ''thurrkala'' (initiated man) * ''mayi'' (Aboriginal person) * ''walmarra'' (medicine man) * ''ngaawaa'' (yes) * ''wangaay'' (no, not)

==Notes== {{notelist}}

===Citations=== {{Reflist|20em}}

==Sources== {{refbegin|35em}} *{{Cite book | chapter = Bogan River | last = Balfe | first = J. | year = 1887 | title = The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent | editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward Micklethwaite | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr | publisher = J. Ferres | location = Melbourne | volume = 3 | pages = 380–381 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/download/australianracei02currgoog/australianracei02currgoog.pdf }} *{{Cite journal | title = Notes on some tribes of New South Wales | last = Cameron | first = A. L. P. | journal = [[The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland]] | year = 1885 | volume = 14 | pages = 344–370 | doi = 10.2307/2841627 | jstor = 2841627 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/2029848 }} *{{Cite journal | title = Aboriginal names of places | last = Cameron | first = A. L. P. | journal = Science of Man | date = 21 November 1899 | volume = 2 | issue = 10 | page = 195 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-522116088/view?partId=nla.obj-522157373#page/n14/mode/1up }} *{{Cite journal | title = Aboriginal words with meanings used by the Wonjhibon tribe | last = Cameron | first = A. L. P. | journal = Science of Man | date = 23 April 1900 | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 46–47 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-525760249/view?partId=nla.obj-525861170#page/n13/mode/1up }} *{{Cite journal | title = Marriage law as practised by the Wonghibone tribe | last = Cameron | first = A. L. P. | journal = Science of Man | date = 23 June 1902a | volume = 5 | issue = 5 | pages = 83–84 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-525754407/view?partId=nla.obj-525774892#page/n18/mode/1up }} *{{Cite journal | title = Marriage laws of the aboriginal tribes of N.S.W. | last = Cameron | first = A. L. P. | journal = Science of Man | date = 27 December 1902b | volume = 5 | issue = 11 | pages = 176–179 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-525754871/view?partId=nla.obj-525816009#page/n7/mode/1up }} *{{Cite journal | title = Traditions and folklore of the aborigines of New South Wales | last = Cameron | first = A. L. P. | journal = Science of Man | date = 22 April 1903 | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 46–48 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-525829374/view?partId=nla.obj-525954315#page/n15/mode/1up }} *{{Cite web | title = Cobar Peneplain - regional history Aboriginal occupation | publisher = Office of Environment & Heritage, NSW Government | year = 2011 | url = http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/bioregions/CobarPeneplain-RegionalHistory.htm | ref = {{harvid|Office of Environment & Heritage|2011}} }} *{{Cite journal | title = What's in a name? An etymological view of land, language and social identification from central western New South Wales | last = Donaldson | first = Tamsin | journal = [[Aboriginal History]] | year = 1984 | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–44 | url = http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p71671/pdf/article032.pdf }} *{{Cite book | chapter = Sources of Bogan River | last = Magistrates | year = 1887 | title = The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent | editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward Micklethwaite | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr | publisher = J. Ferres | location = Melbourne | volume = 3 | pages = 382–383 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/download/australianracei02currgoog/australianracei02currgoog.pdf }} *{{Cite journal | title = Report on Australian languages and traditions | last = Ridley | first = William | author-link = William Ridley (Presbyterian missionary) | journal = [[The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland]] | year = 1873 | volume = 2 | pages = 257–291 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/2479161 | doi = 10.2307/2841174 | jstor = 2841174 | doi-access = free }} *{{Cite book | title = Kámilarói, and other Australian languages | last = Ridley | first = William | year = 1875 | author-link = William Ridley (Presbyterian missionary) | publisher = T. Richards, government printer | location = Sydney | url = https://archive.org/download/kmilariother00ridlrich/kmilariother00ridlrich.pdf }} *{{Cite book| title = Linking Conservation Assessment and Aboriginal Ecological Knowledge on the Cobar Peneplain | last1 = Smart | first1 = J. | last2 = Creaser | first2 = P. | last3 = Monaghan | first3 = D. | year = 2000 | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (New South Wales)|NPWS]] }} *{{Cite book | chapter = Wongaibon (NSW) | last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | year = 1974 | author-link = Norman Tindale | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | publisher = [[ANU Press|Australian National University Press]] | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wongaibon.htm | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 | archive-date = 7 March 2016 | access-date = 27 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307122825/http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wongaibon.htm | url-status = dead }} *{{Cite web | title = Wangaibon | website = Countries and their Cultures | url = http://www.everyculture.com/Oceania/Wongaibon.html | ref = {{harvid|''Countries and their Cultures''}} }} *{{Cite book | title = The Native Tribes of South Australia | url = https://archive.org/details/nativetribessou00taplgoog | last = Woods | first = J. 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[[Category:Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales]]