Protein Wnt-6

{{short description|InterPro Family}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Protein Wnt-6''', is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WNT6'' gene.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: WNT2 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7475}}</ref><ref name="pmid10343101">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rankin J, Strachan T, Lako M, Lindsay S | year = 1999 | title = Partial cloning and assignment of WNT6 to human chromosome band 2q35 by in situ hybridization | journal = Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics | volume = 84 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 50–52 | doi = 10.1159/000015212 | pmid = 10343101 | s2cid = 19452847 }}</ref>

The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family, which are involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. It is overexpressed in cervical cancer cell line and strongly coexpressed with another family member, WNT10A, in colorectal cancer cell line.<ref name="pmid11350055">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kirikoshi H, Sekihara H, Katoh M | title = WNT10A and WNT6, clustered in human chromosome 2q35 region with head-to-tail manner, are strongly coexpressed in SW480 cells | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 283 | issue = 4 | pages = 798–805 |date=May 2001 | pmid = 11350055 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4855 }}</ref> The gene overexpression may play key roles in carcinogenesis. This gene and the WNT10A gene are clustered in the chromosome 2q35 region. The protein encoded by this gene is 97% identical to the mouse Wnt6 protein at the amino acid level.<ref name="entrez"/>

==Role in development==

Wnt-6 plays a role in the formation and maturation of different embryonic structures, namely the fetal heart, ventral body wall, and somite derived structures. Wnt6, through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, inhibits the induction of cardiogenic mesoderm.<ref name=Heart>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lavery DL, Martin J, Turnbull YD, Hoppler S | date = November 2008 | title = Wnt6 signaling regulates heart muscle development during organogenesis | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 323 | issue = 2 | pages = 177–188 | doi = 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.08.032 | pmc = 2593796 | pmid = 18804460 }}</ref> For this reason, Wnt6 inhibitors like Cerberus must be present to allow the cells to be induced.<ref name="Heart"/> Knockout models show that without Wnt6 the fetus develops an enlarged heart, while upregulating Wnt6 results in the heart being underdeveloped.<ref name="Heart"/> Several Wnts, including Wnt6, have shown to be involved in the formation of the ventral body wall and when inhibited result in birth defects such as failure of the wall to close, hypoplasia of the musculature, and other defects.<ref name=Belly>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang L, Li H, Yu J, Cao J, Chen H, Zhao H, Zhao J, Yao Y, Cheng H, Wang L, Zhou R, Yao Z, Guo X | date = March 2014 | title = Ectodermal Wnt signaling regulates abdominal myogenesis during ventral body wall development | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 387 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–72 | doi = 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.12.027 | doi-access = free | pmid = 24394376 }}</ref> Following the formation of the somites from the Paraxial Mesoderm, the outermost cells of the somites undergo a mesenchymal to epithelial transition.<ref name=Somite>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schmidt C, Stoeckelhuber M, McKinnell I, Putz R, Christ B, Patel K | date = July 2004 | title = Wnt 6 regulates the epithelialisation process of the segmental plate mesoderm leading to somite formation | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 271 | issue = 1 | pages = 198–209 | doi = 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.03.016 | doi-access = free | pmid = 15196961 }}</ref> Wnt-6 is expressed by the overlying ectoderm and promotes the production of Paraxis, which facilitates the transition.<ref name="Somite"/> While many structures will still form if Wnt6 is knocked out, the structures (ribs, vertebra, and muscles) are fused and not organized properly.<ref name="Somite"/> On the other hand, if Wnt6 is upregulated, muscle in the limbs and surrounding areas are decreased as the mesenchymal progenitor cells that migrate and become the muscle are locked in the somite as epithelial cells.<ref name="Somite"/>

== References == {{reflist}}