{{Short description|Star in the constellation Lupus}} {{Starbox begin|name=WASP-178 / KELT-26}} {{Starbox image | image= {{Location mark |image=Lupus IAU.svg|alt=|float=center|width=300 |label=|position=right |mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=8|mark_link=WASP-178 |x%=52|y%=47 }} |caption=Location of WASP-178 (circled) }} {{Starbox observe | epoch = J2000.0 | constell = [[Lupus (constellation)|Lupus]]<ref name="Roman1987"/> | ra = {{RA|15|09|04.89336}}<ref name=dr3/> | dec = {{DEC|-42|42|17.7894}}<ref name=dr3/> | appmag_v = 9.9<ref name=WASP/> }} {{Starbox character | type = [[main sequence]]<ref name=lothringer2025/> | variable = [[Variable stars#Planetary transits|Planetary transit variable]], possibly [[Delta Scuti variable]]<ref name="KELT"/> | class = A1IV-V<ref name="WASP"/> | b-v = | u-b = }} {{Starbox astrometry | radial_v = −23.908<ref name="WASP"/> | prop_mo_ra = −10.243<ref name=dr3/> | prop_mo_dec = −5.636<ref name=dr3/> | parallax = 2.4248 | p_error = 0.0216 | parallax_footnote =<ref name=dr3/> | absmag_v = }} {{Starbox detail | source = | mass = {{val|2.02|0.04|0.05}}<ref name=lothringer2025/> | radius = {{val|1.70|0.01}}<ref name=lothringer2025/> | luminosity = {{val|16.2|3.7|1.8}},<ref name="KELT"/> {{val|21.4|1.9|2.0}}<ref name="Stassun2019"/> | gravity = {{val|4.28|0.01}}<ref name=lothringer2025/> | metal_fe = {{val|0.03|0.10|0.12}}<ref name=lothringer2025/> | temperature = {{val|fmt=commas|9200|200|170}}<ref name=lothringer2025/> | rotation = | rotational_velocity = {{val|8.2|0.6}}<ref name="WASP"/> | age_myr = {{val|140|100|80}}<ref name=lothringer2025/> }} {{Starbox catalog | names = {{odlist | CD=-42°10057 | GSC=07829-02324 | Gaia DR2=6003809889735481856 | TYC=7829-2324-1 | 2MASS=J15090488-4242178 | HD=134004 | PPM=320287 | WASP=178 | CPD=-42°6923 | TIC=160708862 | TOI=1337}}, [[Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope|KELT]]-26<ref name=SIMBAD/> }} {{Starbox reference | Simbad = HD+134004 | NSTED = WASP-178 }} {{Starbox end}} '''WASP-178''', also known as '''KELT-26''' and '''HD 134004''', is a [[star]] located about {{convert|1350|ly|pc|abbr=off}} away in the [[Southern celestial hemisphere|southern]] [[constellation]] of [[Lupus (constellation)|Lupus]]. It is a hot [[A-type main sequence star]] or [[subgiant]], a likely [[Am star]], and a possible [[Delta Scuti variable]], about twice as massive as the [[Sun]] and twenty times as luminous. In late 2019, the star was discovered to be orbited by an [[ultra-hot Jupiter]] planet, [[WASP-178b]], making it one of the hottest stars known to host a hot Jupiter. ==Physical properties== WASP-178 has a [[spectral type]] of A1IV-V, indicating that it is in an [[stellar evolution|evolutionary stage]] between a [[main sequence star]] and a [[subgiant]]. The star is comparable to [[Sirius|Sirius A]] in mass and radius, but slightly cooler, older, and less luminous. It is about twice as massive as the [[Sun]] and has a radius of {{Solar radius|1.7}},<ref name=lothringer2025/> with an [[effective temperature]] of roughly 9,000 [[Kelvin (unit)|K]]. A 2019 estimate of {{val|fmt=commas|9360|150|ul=K}} makes WASP-178 the second-hottest host to a hot Jupiter ever discovered, behind [[KELT-9]] (10,170 K) and ahead of [[MASCARA-2]] (8,980 K),<ref name="WASP"/> though a lower estimate ({{val|8640|500|240|ul=K|fmt=commas}}) provided by another paper<ref name="KELT"/> may put it below MASCARA-2. The star is around 20 times brighter than the Sun and is about 140 million years old.<ref name=lothringer2025/> For comparison, Sirius A has a mass of 2.063 {{Solar mass}},<ref name=bond/> a radius of 1.711 {{Solar radius}},<ref name="Liebert2005"/> an effective temperature of 9,940 K,<ref name="Adelman2004"/> a luminosity of 25.4 {{Solar luminosity}},<ref name="Liebert2005"/> and an age of 242 Myr.<ref name=bond/>

Much like Sirius A, the star is a likely [[Am star]] and a [[Stellar rotation|slow rotator]], with a rotational velocity of 8.2&ndash;12.2 km/s.<ref name="WASP"/><ref name="KELT"/> For comparison, Sirius A has a rotational velosity of 16 km/s,<ref name="Royer2002"/> while typical A-type stars rotate much faster at around 160 km/s.<ref name="Yang2013"/> It has a near-<ref name="KELT"/> or above-solar<ref name="WASP"/> [[metallicity]]. The star is rich in [[chromium]], [[nickel]], [[yttrium]], and [[barium]], while being slightly poor in [[calcium]] and [[scandium]].<ref name="WASP"/>

==Variability== Aside from periodic dimming caused by the transiting planet, the star experiences regular oscillations in brightness by a few thousandths of a [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]]. The period at which the oscillations occur is measured to be 0.185 days, almost exactly one-eighteenth of WASP-178b's orbital period. The planet's mass is likely too small to cause periodic swaying of the host star, therefore it remains to be known whether this is merely coincidental.<ref name="KELT"/>

The nature of the luminosity fluctuations, namely the period and amplitude, along with the star's position within the [[instability strip]] in the [[Hertzsprung–Russell diagram]] implies that WASP-178 may be a [[Delta Scuti variable]].<ref name="KELT"/>

==Possible stellar companion== Significant excess noise in the [[astrometry]], totaling to 0.18 [[milliarcsecond]]s in 254 astrometric measurements, is reported for WASP-178 in the [[Gaia catalogues#Gaia DR2|Gaia DR2 catalogue]]. This may suggest a previously unresolved and invisible [[Binary star#Astrometric binaries|binary]] companion.<ref name="WASP"/>

==Planetary system== {{main|WASP-178b}} In 2019, two teams, part of the [[Wide Angle Search for Planets|WASP]] and [[Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope|KELT]] [[List of exoplanet search projects|planet surveys]] respectively, independently reported the discovery of an [[exoplanet]] orbiting the star using the [[Methods of detecting exoplanets#Transit photometry|transit method]].<ref name="WASP"/><ref name="KELT"/> The planet was revealed to be an [[ultra-hot Jupiter]] revolving around the star every 3.3 days a mere {{convert|0.0558|AU|km|abbr=on}} away, heating its surface up to a white-hot {{convert|2470|K|C F}}.<ref name="WASP"/> As a result of intense stellar radiation it receives, some of the highest known in an ultra-hot Jupiter,<ref name="Cont2024"/> the planet's atmosphere is inflated to a radius of {{val|1.81|0.09}} {{Jupiter radius}}<ref name="WASP"/> or {{val|1.940|0.060|0.058}} {{Jupiter radius}},<ref name="KELT"/> placing it among the [[List of largest exoplanets|largest planets]] discovered so far.

[[Photometry (astronomy)|Photometric]] observations at the [[CHEOPS]] [[space telescope]] revealed that the planet has a low [[geometric albedo]] of 0.1&ndash;0.35, typical of giant planets.<ref name="Pagano2024"/> Based on this, the dayside temperature of WASP-178b is estimated at 2,250&ndash;2,800 K,<ref name="Pagano2024"/> more than enough to vaporize [[silicate minerals|silicate rock]].<ref name="NASA"/> As one side of the planet always faces the star ([[tidal locking]]), the atmosphere on the heated daytime side blows across the planet toward the nighttime side in winds reaching upwards of {{convert|2000|mph|km/h}}.<ref name="NASA"/> On the nightside of the planet, minerals that evaporated on the dayside may cool and condense into rock that pours down from clouds as rain.<ref name="NASA"/> [[Silicon monoxide]] in particular was reported to have been discovered on WASP-178b in 2022, the first time the compound was detected in an exoplanet, but consistent with theoretical models on silicate minerals at high temperatures.<ref name="Lothringer2022"/> In 2024, however, a follow-up study found that the atmosphere was instead more likely dominated by [[Ionization|ionized]] [[magnesium]] and [[iron]].<ref name=Damasceno2024/>

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin | table_ref = <ref name="WASP"/> }} {{OrbitboxPlanet | exoplanet = [[WASP-178b|b]] | mass = {{val|1.66|0.12}} | radius = {{val|1.81|0.09}} | semimajor = {{val|0.0558|0.0010}} | period = {{val|3.3448285|0.0000012}} | eccentricity = 0 | inclination = {{val|85.7|0.6}} }} {{Orbitbox end}}

==References== <references>

<ref name="Roman1987">{{Cite constellation|WASP-178}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMBAD">{{cite simbad |title=HD 134004 |access-date=2024-08-08}}</ref>

<ref name=dr3>{{cite Gaia DR3|6003809889735481856}}</ref>

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<ref name="NASA">{{cite news|title=Hubble Probes Extreme Weather on Ultra-Hot Jupiters|author=NASA Hubble Mission Team|location=[[Goddard Space Flight Center]]|url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-probes-extreme-weather-on-ultra-hot-jupiters/|date=2022-04-06|access-date=2024-08-14}}</ref>

<ref name=lothringer2025>{{cite journal |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/adc117 |doi-access=free |title=Refractory and Volatile Species in the UV-to-IR Transmission Spectrum of Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b with HST and JWST |date=2025 |last1=Lothringer |first1=Joshua D. |last2=Bennett |first2=Katherine A. |last3=Sing |first3=David K. |last4=Kehoe-Seamons |first4=Brian |last5=Rustamkulov |first5=Zafar |last6=Reggiani |first6=Henrique |last7=Schlaufman |first7=Kevin C. |last8=McCreery |first8=Patrick |last9=Norris |first9=Seti |last10=Hauschildt |first10=Peter |last11=Cacho-Negrete |first11=Ceiligh |last12=Gressier |first12=Amélie |last13=Espinoza |first13=Néstor |last14=Gapp |first14=Cyril |last15=Evans-Soma |first15=Thomas M. |last16=Stevenson |first16=Kevin B. |last17=Wakeford |first17=Hannah |last18=Gibson |first18=Neale |last19=Wilson |first19=Jamie |last20=Nikolov |first20=Nikolay |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=169 |issue=5 |page=274 |arxiv=2503.15472 |bibcode=2025AJ....169..274L }}</ref>

<ref name="Lothringer2022">{{cite journal | last1=Lothringer | first1=Joshua D. | last2=Sing | first2=David K. | last3=Rustamkulov | first3=Zafar | last4=Wakeford | first4=Hannah R. | last5=Stevenson | first5=Kevin B. | last6=Nikolov | first6=Nikolay | last7=Lavvas | first7=Panayotis | last8=Spake | first8=Jessica J. | last9=Winch | first9=Autumn T. | title=UV absorption by silicate cloud precursors in ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b | journal=Nature | volume=604 | issue=7904 | date=2022-04-07 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04453-2 | pages=49–52| pmid=35388193 | arxiv=2204.03639 | bibcode=2022Natur.604...49L }}</ref>

<ref name="Damasceno2024">{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Damasceno | first1=Y. C. | last2=Seidel | first2=J. V. | last3=Prinoth | first3=B. | last4=Psaridi | first4=A. | last5=Esparza-Borges | first5=E. | last6=Stangret | first6=M. | last7=Santos | first7=N. C. | last8=Zapatero-Osorio | first8=M. R. | last9=Alibert | first9=Y. | last10=Allart | first10=R. | last11=Azevedo Silva | first11=T. | last12=Cointepas | first12=M. | last13=Costa Silva | first13=A. R. | last14=Cristo | first14=E. | last15=Di Marcantonio | first15=P. | last16=Ehrenreich | first16=D. | last17=González Hernández | first17=J. I. | last18=Herrero-Cisneros | first18=E. | last19=Lendl | first19=M. | last20=Lillo-Box | first20=J. | last21=Martins | first21=C. J. A. P. | last22=Micela | first22=G. | last23=Pallé | first23=E. | last24=Sousa | first24=S. G. | last25=Steiner | first25=M. | last26=Vaulato | first26=V. | last27=Zhao | first27=Y. | last28=Pepe | first28=F. | title=The atmospheric composition of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178 b observed with ESPRESSO | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | publisher=EDP Sciences | volume=689 | year=2024 | issn=0004-6361 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202450119 | doi-access=free | page=A54| arxiv=2406.08348 | bibcode=2024A&A...689A..54D }}</ref>

</references> {{Lupus (constellation)}} [[Category:Lupus (constellation)]] [[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|134004]] [[Category:Durchmusterung objects|CD-42 10057]] [[Category:A-type main-sequence stars]] [[Category:Am stars]] [[Category:Planetary systems with one confirmed planet]] [[Category:Wide Angle Search for Planets|178]] [[Category:TESS Objects of Interest|1337, TOI]] [[Category:Planetary transit variables]]