{{short description|Indian writer}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}} '''Vrind ''' (1643–1723) was an Indian saint and poet in Hindi language from Marwar, in present Rajasthan. He was an important poet of the Ritikal period of Hindi literature, known for his poems on ethics (Niti), and most known for his work ''Nitisatsai'' (1704), a collection of 700 aphorisms.<ref name="Mukherjee1998">{{cite book|author=Sujit Mukherjee|title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA425|date= 1998|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1453-9|pages=425–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA161|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0365-5|pages=161–}}</ref> He was the guru of Raj Singh (r. 1706–1748), ruler of Kishangarh, where he was court poet.<ref name="Mukherjee1998"/>
Like his contemporaries, Mati Ram, Rasnidhi and Ram Sahay, his doha poetry was primarily in Braj Bhasha dialect. It was deeply influenced by Bihari, noted poet of the preceding generation.<ref name="Lal2006">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA3865|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=3865–}}</ref> He was a prolific poet and through his career worked for various patrons. His notable works include ''Vrind Satsai'', a didactic work, ''Shringar shiksha'', ''Bhava panchasika'' (Fifty Verse of Bhava), ''Rupak chayanika'', ''Alamkaar satsai'' and ''Hitopdesh natak'', based on ''Hitopadesha'', a collection of Sanskrit fables.<ref name="Mukherjee1998"/> ''Shringar shiksha'' (Instruction in Passion), a treatise of ''Nayika Bheda'' was written in 1691 for a prominent Muslim patron in Ajmer.<ref name="Busch2011"/><ref>{{cite web |author=Shreekant Kumar Chandan| title = Introducing Braj bhasha archive for the study of the history of Mughal India |work= International Research Journal of Management Sociology and Humanity, Vol 5, Issue 3, 2014| url = http://www.irjmsh.com/volumedetails.aspx?vol=5&issue=3#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615035545/http://www.irjmsh.com/volumedetails.aspx?vol=5&issue=3 |archivedate=15 June 2018|page=357|date=| accessdate = 2014-11-28}} [https://www.academia.edu/7135128/Introducing_Braj_bhasha_archive_for_the_study_of_the_history_of_Mughal_India Alt URL]</ref>
After serving in Kishangarh, he moved to Delhi in 1673, where he was hired to tutor Azim-ush-Shan, son of Azam Shah and grandson of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.<ref name="Pauwels2009">{{cite book|author=Heidi Rika Maria Pauwels|title=Patronage and Popularisation, Pilgrimage and Procession|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kv0xPCZ6e9sC&pg=PA36|year=2009|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05723-3|pages=36–}}</ref> Azam Shah later succeeded his father, and was a great enthusiast of Braj poetry, and in time Azim us-Shan become patron of Vrind. In 1697, Azim ush-Shan was made Governor of Bengal,.... thus Vrind too shifted to Dhaka. During this period, he completed his most noted work, ''Nitisatsai'' (Seven Hundred Verses of Ethics) in 1704.<ref name="Busch2011">{{cite book|author=Allison Busch|title=Poetry of Kings: The Classical Hindi Literature of Mughal India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dl0sbzehWvAC&pg=PA159|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-976592-8|pages=159–160}}</ref>
==Works== * ''Nitisatsai'' (1704) * ''Vrind Satsai'' * ''Shringar shiksha'' (1691) * ''Bhava panchasika'' * ''Rupak chayanika'' * ''Alamkaar satsai'' * ''Hitopadesh natak''
==See also== * Braj Bhasha literature
== References == {{Reflist}}
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Category:1643 births Category:1723 deaths Category:18th-century Indian poets Category:Hindi-language poets Category:Hindi-language Indian writers Category:Poets from Rajasthan Category:17th-century Indian poets Category:People from Ajmer district Category:Poets from the Mughal Empire Category:Aphorists Category:Indian male poets Category:17th-century Indian male writers Category:18th-century Indian male writers
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