{{Short description|American mathematician}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Vivek Shende | field = Mathematics, Quantum Computing | work_institution = University of California Berkeley, University of Southern Denmark, MIT | doctoral_advisor = Rahul Pandharipande | thesis_title = Hilbert schemes of points on integral plane curves | thesis_year = 2011 | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| *Princeton University }} }}
'''Vivek Vijay Shende''' is an American mathematician known for his work on algebraic geometry, symplectic geometry and quantum computing. He is a professor of Quantum Mathematics at Syddansk Universitet<ref> {{Cite web|url = https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/persons/vivek-shende | title = Professor Vivek Shende | publisher = Syddanks Universitet | access-date = August 19, 2023}} </ref> while on leave from University of California Berkeley.<ref> {{Cite web|url = https://math.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/shende | title = Professor Vivek Shende | publisher = Berkeley Mathematics | access-date = August 19, 2023}} </ref>
== Doctoral studies and early career ==
Shende defended his Ph.D. dissertation "Hilbert schemes of points on integral plane curves" at Princeton University in 2011 under the supervision of Rahul Pandharipande.<ref name="genealogy">{{cite web| url = https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=155761 | title = Vivek Vijay Shende | website = The Mathematics Genealogy Project | access-date = August 19, 2023}} </ref> From 2011 to 2013, he was a Simons Postdoctoral Fellow at MIT mentored by Paul Seidel. Shende joined Berkeley as an assistant professor in 2013 and became an associate professor in 2019. He supervised at least four doctoral degrees at Berkeley.<ref name="genealogy"/>
== Awards and accomplishments ==
In 2021, after moving to Denmark, Shende received sizable grants intended to support the creation of a new research group. The Danish National Research Foundation awarded Shende its DNRF Chair.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://dg.dk/en/vivek-shende-is-the-fourth-researcher-to-receive-the-danish-national-research-foundations-latest-funding-instrument-the-dnrf-chair/ | title = Vivek Shende is the fourth researcher to receive the Danish National Research Foundation's latest funding instrument: The DNRF Chair | date = 25 January 2021 | publisher = Danish National Research Foundation}} </ref> The Villum Foundation funded Shende's research in mathematical aspects of String theory through the Villum Investigator program.<ref> {{cite web| url = https://www.sdu.dk/en/forskning/qm/news/villum_investigator | title = 25 million grant awarded to Vivek Shende | author = Jane Jamshidi | date = April 13, 2021 | publisher = Syddansk Universitet}} </ref> This is one of the largest and most prestigious grants for individual researchers in Denmark.
As a Berkeley professor, Shende received the National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2017<ref>{{cite web| title = Award # 1654545; CAREER: Aspects of Microlocal Geometry | url = https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1654545 | date = January 31, 2017 | publisher = National Science Foundation Division of Mathematical Sciences}} </ref> and a Sloan Research Fellowship in Mathematics in 2015.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://news.berkeley.edu/2015/02/23/sloan-fellowships-give-research-boost-to-nine-young-faculty-members | title = Sloan fellowships give research boost to nine young faculty members | first = Robert | last = Sanders | date = February 23, 2015 | publisher = Berkeley News}} </ref>
In 2010, Shende proved, together with Martijn Kool and Richard Thomas, the Göttsche conjecture on the universality of formulas counting nodal curves on surfaces,<ref> {{cite journal| title =A short proof of the Göttsche conjecture | last1=Kool|first1=Martijn| last2=Shende|first2=Vivek| last3=Thomas|first3=Richard| journal=Geometry & Topology| author-link=|date=15 Oct 2010| volume=15| pages=397–406| doi=10.2140/gt.2011.15.397|arxiv=1010.3211}}</ref> a problem in algebraic geometry whose history stretches back more than a century.<ref>{{ cite arXiv| title =Node polynomials for families: results and examples| last1=Kleiman|first1=Steven| last2=Piene|first2=Ragni| author-link=|date= 29 Nov 2001|eprint=math.AG/0111299 }}</ref>
During his undergraduate studies at the University of Michigan, he performed computer science research with Igor L. Markov and John P. Hayes. Shende shared in 2004 the IEEE Donald O. Pederson Award in Solid-State Circuits<ref>{{Cite web |title=IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design Donald O. Pederson Best Paper Award {{!}} IEEE Council on Electronic Design Automation |url=https://ieee-ceda.org/awards/ieee-transactions-computer-aided-design-donald-o-pederson-best-paper-award |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=ieee-ceda.org |language=en |archive-date=2023-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812003425/https://ieee-ceda.org/awards/ieee-transactions-computer-aided-design-donald-o-pederson-best-paper-award }}</ref> as the lead author of the work on synthesis of reversible logic circuits.<ref>{{cite journal| first1=Vivek V.| last1 = Shende| first2 = Aditya K.| last2 = Prasad| first3 = Igor L.| last3 = Markov| first4= John P. | last4= Hayes| title = Synthesis of reversible logic circuits | journal = IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 710–722 | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1109/TCAD.2003.811448| arxiv = quant-ph/0207001| bibcode = 2003ITCAD..22..710S}} </ref> This paper proved the existence of reversible circuits that implement certain permutations and developed algorithms for finding such circuits. Shende was also the lead author of the work on synthesis of quantum circuits<ref>{{cite journal| first1=Vivek V.| last1 = Shende| first2 = Stephen S.| last2 = Bullock| first3 = Igor L.| last3 = Markov| title = Synthesis of quantum logic circuits | journal = IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems | volume = 25 | issue = 6 | pages = 1000–1010 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1109/TCAD.2005.855930| arxiv = quant-ph/0406176| bibcode = 2006ITCAD..25.1000S}} </ref> that developed the quantum Shannon decomposition and algorithms for finding asymptotically optimal quantum circuits that implement a given <math>n</math>-qubit unitary matrix, as well as quantum circuits that construct a given <math>n</math>-qubit quantum state. Shende obtained formulas and algorithms for implementing smallest possible quantum circuits for 2-qubit unitary matrices.<ref> {{cite journal| title = Minimal universal two-qubit controlled-not-based circuits | first1 = Vivek V.| last1 = Shende| first2 = Igor L. | last2 = Markov | first3 = Stephen S. | last3 = Bullock | journal = Physical Review A | volume = 69 | issue = 6 | article-number = 062321 | date = June 30, 2004 | publisher = American Physical Society | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062321| arxiv = quant-ph/0308033| bibcode = 2004PhRvA..69f2321S}} </ref><ref> {{cite journal| title = Recognizing small-circuit structure in two-qubit operators | first1 = Vivek V.| last1 = Shende| first3 = Igor L. | last3 = Markov | first2 = Stephen S. | last2 = Bullock | journal = Physical Review A | volume = 70 | issue = 1 | article-number = 012310 | date = July 19, 2004 | publisher = American Physical Society | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.012310| arxiv = quant-ph/0308045| bibcode = 2004PhRvA..70a2310S}} </ref> For the 3-qubit Toffoli gate, he proved that six CNOT gates are necessary in a circuit that implements it,<ref>{{Cite journal| first1 = Vivek V. | last1 = Shende | first2 = Igor L. | last2 = Markov | title = On the CNOT-cost of TOFFOLI gates | journal = Quantum Information and Computation | volume = 9 | issue = 5&6 | pages = 461–486 | year = 2009| doi = 10.26421/QIC8.5-6-8 | arxiv = 0803.2316 }} </ref> showing that the widely used six-CNOT decomposition is optimal. These publications are highly cited (per Google Scholar) and their results laid the foundation of compilers for quantum computers.
== Mathematics education ==
Shende taught college-level Calculus, Discrete Mathematics as well as Linear Algebra and Differential Equations courses at Berkeley. In 2021 he cosigned, along with many professional mathematicians, an open letter to Governor Gavin Newsom and other California officials asking to replace the proposed new California Math curriculum framework.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.independent.org/news/article.asp?id=13658 | title = Replace the Proposed New California Math Curriculum Framework | date = July 13, 2021 | first1 = Williamson M. | last1 = Evers | first2 = Ze'ev | last2 = Wurman | publisher = The Independent Institute}} </ref> The framework was adopted in 2023 despite these objections.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/california-adopts-controversial-new-math-framework-heres-whats-in-it/2023/07 | title =California Adopts Controversial New Math Framework. Here's What's in It | date = July 12, 2023 | publisher = EdWeek | first = Sarah | last = Schwartz | newspaper =Education Week }} </ref>
== References == <references> </references>
== External links == *{{Google Scholar id|V9N5EdMAAAAJ}} *{{DBLP | pid=61/1544 }}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Shende, Vivek}} Category:Living people Category:21st-century American mathematicians Category:American geometers Category:21st-century Danish mathematicians Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Princeton University alumni