Earl of Sandwich

{{short description|Noble title in the Peerage of England}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{for|the restaurant|Earl of Sandwich (restaurant)}} {{Infobox nobility title | name = Earldom of Sandwich | image = 150px<br />180px | image_size = | alt = | caption = ''Quarterly, first and fourth, Argent, three lozenges conjoined in fess Gules, within a border Sable; for Montagu. Second and third, Or, an eagle displayed Vert, beaked and membered Gules; for Monthermer.'' | creation_date = 12 July 1660 | creation = | monarch = Charles II | peerage = Peerage of England | baronetage = | first_holder = Sir Edward Montagu | last_holder = | present_holder =Luke Montagu, 12th Earl of Sandwich | heir_apparent = William Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke | heir_presumptive = | remainder_to = | subsidiary_titles = Viscount Hinchingbrooke <br /> Baron Montagu of St Neots | status = | extinction_date = | family_seat = Mapperton House, Dorset | former_seat = Hinchingbrooke House, Cambridgeshire <br/> Hock Court | motto = ''Post tot naufragia portum'' ("After so many shipwrecks a haven")<ref name="motte">{{cite book|last1=De la Motte|first1=Philip|title=The Principal, Historical, and Allusive Arms, Borne by Families of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with Their Respective Authorities|date=1804|publisher=J. Nichols and Son, and sold by F. and C. Rivington|page=152|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cD0RAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA152|access-date=13 November 2016|language=en}}</ref> | footnotes = }} [[Image:Edward Montagu.jpeg|thumb|170px|Edward Montagu, 1st Earl]] thumb|170px|Heraldic achievement of the Earls of Sandwich [[File:John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich.jpg|thumb|''Portrait of the Earl of Sandwich'' by Thomas Gainsborough, 1783.]] '''Earl of Sandwich''' is a noble title in the Peerage of England, held since its creation by the House of Montagu. It is nominally associated with Sandwich, Kent. It was created in 1660 for the prominent naval commander Admiral Sir Edward Montagu. He was made '''Baron Montagu of St Neots''', of St Neots in the County of Huntingdon, and '''Viscount Hinchingbrooke''', at the same time, also in the Peerage of England. The viscountcy is used as the courtesy title by the heir apparent to the earldom. A member of the prominent Montagu family, Lord Sandwich was the son of Sir Sidney Montagu, youngest brother of Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester (from whom the Dukes of Manchester descend), and Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton (from whom the Dukes of Montagu descended).

He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He briefly represented Dover in the House of Commons and served as Ambassador to Portugal and as Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire.

The second Earl's great-grandson was The 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was a prominent statesman and served as First Lord of the Admiralty and as Secretary of State for the Northern Department. Lord Sandwich is also remembered for sponsoring the voyages of discovery made by Captain James Cook, R.N., who named the Sandwich Islands in his honour, and as the namesake of the sandwich.

He was succeeded by his son, the fifth Earl. He sat as Member of Parliament for Brackley and Huntingdonshire and served as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household and as Master of the Buckhounds. His son, the sixth Earl, also represented Huntingdonshire in Parliament.

He was succeeded by his son, the seventh Earl. He held office in the first two Conservative administrations of the Earl of Derby as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms and Master of the Buckhounds and was also Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire. His eldest son, the eighth Earl, represented Huntingdon in the House of Commons as a Conservative and served as Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire.

He was succeeded by his nephew, the ninth Earl. He was the son of Rear-Admiral the Hon. Victor Alexander Montagu, second son of the seventh Earl. Lord Sandwich was Member of Parliament for Huntingdon and Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire.

His son, the tenth Earl, represented South Dorset in Parliament as a Conservative from 1941 to 1962, when he succeeded his father in the earldom and had to resign his seat in the House of Commons and enter the House of Lords. He disclaimed his peerages in 1964 but never returned to the House of Commons.

He was succeeded by his eldest son, John Montagu, the 11th Earl of Sandwich, who succeeded him in 1995. John Montagu was one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, and sat as a cross-bencher.

The twelfth and current Earl succeeded his father in 2025. Lord Sandwich is known for his philanthropy, and was once Director at the MetFilm School.<ref name="tatler">{{Cite web |date=11 June 2020 |title=The American Aristocrat keeping Mapperton House on the map |url=https://www.tatler.com/article/julie-montagu-viscountess-hinchingbrooke-mapperton-house-yoga-virtual-tours |website=Tatler}}</ref>

Today the family seat is at Mapperton in Dorset.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mapperton.com/home_frame.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204112008/http://www.mapperton.com/home_frame.htm |archive-date=2008-12-04 }}</ref> From the 17th century until the 1960s, the family also owned Hinchingbrooke House in Huntingdonshire, now a school, from which the title Viscount Hinchingbrooke was derived.

Some historical papers of the family and its Hinchingbrooke estate are held by Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies at the County Record Office in Huntingdon.

The heir apparent is the current Earl's eldest son, William James Hayman Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (b. 2004).<ref>Michael Rhodes. "Hon William James Hayman Montagu" birth announced on ''Peerage News'' group on Google Groups on 7 November 2005, based on birth notice in ''Daily Telegraph'' on 6 November 2004. Retrieved 10 August 2007. {{cite web |url=https://groups.google.com/group/Peerage-News/browse_thread/thread/39b7f16ee28cdf8d/9ec62535681f8042 |title= Peerage News |author=Michael Rhodes |publisher=Google Groups }}</ref>

== Family tree == {{Montagu family tree}}

== Line of succession (simplified) == {{Collapse top|title={{small|Line of succession (simplified)}}}} {{tree list}} *30px ''George Montagu, 9th Earl of Sandwich (1874–1962)'' ** 30px ''Alexander Victor Edward Paulet Montagu, 10th Earl of Sandwich (1906–1995) (disclaimed 1964)'' *** 30px ''John Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich (1943–2025)'' **** 30px '''Luke Montagu, 12th Earl of Sandwich''' (born 1969) ***** '''(1)''' William James Hayman Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (born 2004) ***** '''(2)''' ''Hon.'' Nestor John Sturges Montagu (born 2006) **** '''(3)''' ''Hon.'' Orlando William Montagu (born 1971) ***** '''(4)''' Walter Frederick Montagu (born 2005) *** '''(5)''' ''Hon.'' George Charles Robert Montagu (born 1949) **** '''(6)''' Oliver Drogo Montagu (born 1974) **** '''(7)''' Cosimo Ralph Montagu (born 1988) **''Hon. William Drogo Sturges Montago (1908–1940)'' ***''John Dru Montagu (1932–2025)'' ****male issue and descendants in remainder {{tree list/end}} <ref>{{cite book |year=2019|chapter=Sandwich, Earl of |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |publication-date=|pages=3134–3136 |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1}}</ref> {{collapse bottom}}

== Notes == {{Reflist|2}}

== References == * {{cite book |last1=Kidd |first1=Charles |last2=Williamson |first2=David |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |date=1990 |place=London and New York |publisher=St Martin's Press }} * {{cite book |last=Mosley |first=Charles |title=Burke's Peerage and Baronetage |edition=107th |date=2003 |publisher=Burke's Peerage & Gentry |isbn=0-9711966-2-1}} * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080501225034/http://www.leighrayment.com/ Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page]}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Earls of Sandwich}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandwich, Earl of}} Category:Earldoms in the Peerage of England * Category:Noble titles created in 1660 Category:1660 establishments in England Category:Earls of Sandwich