{{for|the American actress and writer|Virginia Fox Brooks}} {{Infobox person | image = Miss Virginia Brooks LOC Call Number LC-B2-1930-16 cropped.jpg | caption = Brooks in 1909 or 1910 | name = Virginia Brooks | birth_date = {{birth date|1886|01|11|mf=y}} | birth_place = Chicago, Illinois, US | death_date = {{death date and age|1929|06|15|1886|01|11|mf=y}} | death_place = Portland, Oregon, US | resting_place = Wilhelm’s Portland Memorial | other_names = Virginia Washburne | occupation = Political activist, suffragist, author | notable_works = ''My Battles with Vice'' and ''Little Lost Sister'' both books by Brooks | movement = Women's Suffrage | spouse = {{marriage|Charles Shephard Washbune|1913}} | children = Walter Washburne }} '''Virginia Brooks''' (January 11, 1886 – June 15, 1929) was an American suffragist and political reformer who worked in the Chicago region and throughout Indiana in the early 1900s. She was born to parents who moved from Ohio to Chicago. Brooks penned two books, ''Little Lost Sister'' (1914) and ''My Battles with Vice'' (1915).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Little Lost Sister|last=Brooks|first=Virginia|publisher=Gazzolo and Ricksen|year=1914}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=My Battles with Vice|last=Brooks|first=Virginia|publisher=Macaulay Co.|year=1915}}</ref>

== Early life == Brooks was born on January 11, 1886, in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, IL, to Oliver H. Brooks and Flora P. Brooks. Her parents owned boarding houses in the neighborhood. She married Charles Shephard Washburne on April 3, 1913. The couple had one child, a son named Walter Washburne.

== Activism == thumb|A photograph of Brooks published in a 1913 brochure. === Chicago, Illinois === Brooks spent time in Chicago throughout the 1910s working with different groups and political reformers. Brooks had a close relationship with Ida B. Wells, a suffragist, journalist, feminist, and prominent leader in Civil Rights Movement. Wells met Virginia Brooks in Chicago. In 1913 Brooks, with the help of Belle Squire, worked with Wells to create the Alpha Suffrage Club (ASC), a group that worked to get African-American women involved in the suffrage movement.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Ida B. Wells: A Woman of Courage|last=Rouff|first=Ruth A.|publisher=Townsend Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-59194-218-4|location=West Berlin, New Jersey|pages=[https://archive.org/details/idabwellswomanof0000rouf/page/ Chapter 20]|via=Google Books|url=https://archive.org/details/idabwellswomanof0000rouf/page/}}</ref> The first goal of the ASC was to raise enough money to send Wells to Washington, D.C. to participate in a suffrage march on behalf of the club. The leader of the delegation from Illinois, Grace Trout, told Wells that she was not allowed to march with the white women of the state but could form a delegation of black women if she wanted. Brooks stood by her side by saying "...to exclude Ms. Wells on the basis of race of would be undemocratic."<ref name=":0" /> Brooks and Squire volunteered to walk with their friend Wells in the black section of the march but on the day of the march, she was nowhere to be found. Brooks and Squire returned to the Illinois women's section worried about Wells' whereabouts. As the march began, Wells came out of the crowd to stand beside Brooks and Squire with the suffragists of Illinois.

=== West Hammond, Illinois === Brooks moved to West Hammond, Illinois, with her mother after inheriting land valued at about $39,000 from her father.<ref>{{Cite book|title=From Cottage to Bungalow: Houses and the Working Class in Metropolitan Chicago, 1869-1929|last=Bigott|first=Joseph|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2001|isbn=9780226048758|location=Chicago, IL|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/fromcottagetobun00jose}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm/ref/collection/tc/id/47102|title=Virginia Brooks: 20th century Joan of Arc|date=1913|work=Chautauqua Brochure|access-date=November 14, 2016|via=Special Collections Dept. at The University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa Digital Library}}</ref> West Hammond was a village on the border of Illinois and Indiana (now part of Calumet City as of 1923), just south of Chicago. She noticed that the village was filled with a heavy immigrant population that was being taken advantage of by the village government. She worked to improve the living conditions of the village by working on behalf of those that could not work for themselves. She campaigned against the vice culture of West Hammond and attacked tavern owners, who ruled the village. Brooks was famously known as the "Joan of Arc" of West Hammond<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pg0cAQAAMAAJ&q=Virginia+Brooks+Indiana&pg=RA9-PA48|title=The Luyceumite and Talent, Volume 6|date=March 1913|work=Lyceum Magazine|access-date=2018-02-19|publisher=University of Michigan|via=Google Books}}</ref> for her efforts. One of her first moves in political activism was the campaign she held against the transition of the status of West Hammond from a village to a city in 1911.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Lake County Times|date=February 1, 1911}}</ref> Brooks believed that the village needed to be clean of vice and corruption before it should be upgraded to a new style of government. She single-handedly tracked down the corrupt tavern-owners that were running the town and began her reform. Her slogan for reform was: "Vote for a village. You can’t make an honest city out a dishonest village while the ring is in power. Clean up first." The campaign was ultimately unsuccessful but the village became a shrine to her reform work as she worked day after day to make positive change. She ran for her first public office position in 1912 as president of the West Hammond Board of Education district 156 (otherwise known as the Sobieski district.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Lake County Times|date=April 16, 1912}}</ref> She won the election on April 22, 1912.

=== Indiana === Brooks spoke across Indiana at different functions. In 1912, she was a principal speaker at the Equal Suffrage League in Indianapolis.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Hammond Times|date=April 23, 1912}}</ref> Also in 1912, she spoke about her crusade for reform in Richmond, Indiana<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Hammond Times|date=August 27, 1912}}</ref>

== Late life and death == In her late life, Brooks traveled west towards Portland, Oregon with her son, Walter, who was known as Brooks. She died on June 15, 1929, in Portland under her married name of Virginia Washburne and her remains lie at Wilhelm’s Portland Memorial cemetery.

== References == {{reflist|30em}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brooks, Virginia}} Category:1886 births Category:1929 deaths Category:20th-century American women writers Category:American feminists Category:Writers from Chicago Category:People from Calumet City, Illinois Category:Suffragists from Illinois Category:20th-century American writers Category:American women human rights activists