{{Short description|Fireship of the English Royal Navy}} {{other ships|HMS Phoenix}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image= |image_caption= }}
|section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header=title |country=England |flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of England|naval}} |name=HMS ''Phoenix'' |ordered=16 November 1693 |builder=John Gardner & John Dalton, Rotherhithe |laid_down= |launched=16 March 1694 |acquired= |commissioned=1694 |decommissioned= |in_service= |out_of_service= |renamed= |reclassified=* 24-gun sixth rate in 1711 * 20-gun sixth rate in 1727 |struck= |reinstated= |honours= |captured= |fate=Hulked in 1742; sold 1744 |notes= }}
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |type=8-gun Fireship |tons_burthen={{frac|256|83|94}} bm |displacement= |length= * {{convert|91|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on|1}} gundeck * {{convert|76|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on|1}} keel for tonnage |beam=*{{convert|25|ft|2.5|in|m|abbr=on|1}} for tonnage |draught= |hold_depth={{convert|9|ft|10.5|in|m|abbr=on|1}} |sail_plan=ship-rigged |power= |propulsion= |complement=45 |armament=8 × 6-pdr guns on wooden trucks |notes= }}
|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption=as rebuilt 1708/09 |type= * 8-gun Fireship * 24-gun sixth rate in 1711 |tons_burthen={{frac|273|21|94}} bm |displacement= |length=*{{convert|93|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on|1}} gundeck *{{convert|76|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on|1}} keel for tonnage |beam=*{{convert|25|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on|1}} for tonnage |draught= |hold_depth={{convert|9|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on|1}} |sail_plan=ship-rigged |power= |propulsion= |complement=45 |armament= * as built * 8 × 6-pdr guns on wooden trucks * conversion to sixth rate 1711 * 20 6-pdr guns on wooden trucks (UD) * 4 × 4-pdr guns on wooden trucks (QD) |notes= }}
|section5={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption=as rebuilt 1727 |type=20-gun Sixth Rate |tons_burthen={{frac|375|5|94}} bm |displacement= |length= * {{convert|106|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on|1}} gundeck * {{convert|87|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on|1}} keel for tonnage |beam=*{{convert|28|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on|1}} for tonnage |draught= |hold_depth={{convert|9|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on|1}} |sail_plan=ship-rigged |power= |propulsion= |complement= |armament=20 × 6-pdr 19 cwt guns on wooden trucks (UD) |notes= }} }} '''HMS ''Phoenix''''' was built as a fireship as part of the 1693–94 programme of Fireships.<ref>Winfield 2009a</ref> After her commissioning she spent time in the English Channel then joined the Fleet for the Battle of Vigo Bay followed by the Battle of Velez-Malaga. She went aground in the Isles of Scilly and was salvaged. While laid up at Plymouth in 1708 was rebuilt as a 24-gun sixth rate. After recommissioning she spent her time in Home Waters, North America and the West Indies. She was rebuilt again in 1727 before finally being sold in 1744.
''Phoenix'' was the seventh named ship since it was used for a 20-gun ship purchased in 1546, rebuilt in 1558 and sold in 1573.<ref>Colledge</ref>
==Construction== She was ordered as a fireship on 16 November 1693 to be built under contract by John Gardner & John Dalton of Rotherhithe. She was launched on 16 March 1694.<ref>Winfield 2009a</ref>
==Commissioned service== She was commissioned in 1694 under the command of Captain Edward Rigby, RN. In December 1694 she was under the command of Captain John Douglas, RN for service in the English Channel. On 1 October 1697 she was under command of Captain Hercules Mitchell followed in 1701 Captain Joseph Soanes, RN. Captain John Mitchell, RN was in command for the Battle of Vigo Bay on 12 October 1702.In 1703 Commander John Trotter, RN. At the Battle of Velez-Malaga on 13 August 1704 she was under the command of Commander Edmund Hicks, RN as part of the cester squadron. On 9 March 1705 Captain Michael Sansom, RN took command for service in the Mediterranean. In 1707, she belonged to Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell's fleet. She saw action during the unsuccessful Battle of Toulon and was present during the great naval disaster off the Isles of Scilly when Shovell and four of his ships ({{HMS|Association||2}}, {{HMS|Firebrand|1694|2}}, {{HMS|Romney|1694|2}} and {{HMS|Eagle|1679|2}}) were lost, claiming the lives of nearly 2,000 sailors.<ref>Sobel, page 6</ref> ''Phoenix'' ran ashore between Tresco and St Martin's<ref name=submerged>[http://www.submerged.co.uk/association.php Sir Clowdisley Shovell and The Association, by Peter Mitchell, on 4 July 2007]</ref> and had to be beached, but could be kept seaworthy and finally managed to reach Portsmouth. She was salved and laid up at Plymouth during 1708/09.<ref>Winfield 2009a</ref> On 12 March 1708 she was ordered to be rebuilt as a 24-gun sixth rate.
==Rebuild as a 24-gun Sixth Rate 1708/09 Plymouth== She was taken in hand by Joseph Bingham of Plymouth for the rebuilding process. She would be rebuilt to dimensions similar to the Maidstone Group. She was launched on 28 May 1709. The dimensions after rebuild were gundeck {{convert|93|ft|6|in|m|abbr=off|1}} with a keel length of {{convert|76|ft|9|in|m|abbr=off|1}} for tonnage calculation. The breadth would be {{convert|25|ft|10.5|in|m|abbr=off|1}} with a depth of hold of {{convert|9|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on|1}}. The tonnage calculation would be 273<small>21/94</small> tons.<ref>Winfield 2007</ref> As she would be completed and commissioned as a fireship, her gun armament was only eight 6-pounder 19 hundredweight (cwt) guns on wooden trucks, When she was upgraded to a 24-gun sixth rate in 1711 her gun armament was increased to twenty 6-pounder 19 hundredweight (cwt) guns mounted on wooden trucks and four 4-pounder 12 cwt guns on wooden trucks on the quarterdeck (QD).<ref>Winfield 2009b</ref>
==Commissioned service after 1708/09 rebuild== She commissioned in April 1709 as an 8-gun fireship under the command of Commander Thomas Graves, RN. She was damaged in a collision with HMS ''St Albans'' on 10 September 1709. She was paid off at Portsmouth on 28 September 1709. She was recommissioned in 1710 under Commander Edward Blacket, RN (promoted to captain in January 1713) for service in the English Channel and North Sea. She underwent a considerable repair at Woolwich between March and May 1713. She went to New England in 1714/15. On 5 October she came under command of Captain Vincent Pearce, RN for service on the coast of Scotland.<ref>Winfield 2009b</ref> She was with Admiral Byng's Fleet in the Baltic in 1717. In February 1718 she sailed to the Republic of Pirates in Nassau to help those intending to take the king's pardon for pirates who were willing to surrender and abandon piracy.<ref>Woodward, pages 232–240</ref> After the Bahamas, she proceeded to New York. She returned to Home Waters in 1721. She was surveyed at Deptford in 1727. She was dismantled and her timbers were moved to Woolwich to begin the rebuilding process.<ref>Winfield 2009b</ref>
==Rebuild at Woolwich 1727== She was ordered rebuilt at Woolwich on 23 March 1727 under the guidance of John Hayward, Master Shipwright of Woolwich. Her keel was laid in April 1727 and launched on 16 January 1728. The dimensions after rebuild were gundeck {{convert|106|ft|0|in|m|abbr=off|1}} with a keel length of {{convert|87|ft|10|in|m|abbr=off|1}} for tonnage calculation. The breadth would be {{convert|28|ft|4|in|m|abbr=off|1}} with a depth of hold of {{convert|9|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on|1}}. The tonnage calculation would be 375<small>5/94</small> tons.<ref>Winfield 2007</ref> Her gun armament would be twenty 6-pounder 19 hundredweight (cwt) guns mounted on wooden trucks. She was completed on 12 March 1728 at a cost of £4,752.19.11d<ref group=Note>A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|4752.19.11|1735|r=-2}}}} in today's money.</ref> to build her hull only.<ref>Winfield 2007</ref>
==Commissioned service after 1727 rebuild== She commissioned in 1727 under Captain Aurthur Jones, RN for service in Home Waters. Captain Jones died in January 1731 and the ship was paid off. In 1732 she was under Captain William Douglas, RN for service at Jamaica. She returned Home to pay off in 1734. She underwent a small repair at Woolwich from May to December 1735 costing £988.10.1d.<ref group=Note>A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|988.10.1|1735|r=-2}}}} in today's money.</ref> Captain Charles Fanshaw, RN took over in 1737 for service in Carolina from 1738 to 1740 then she was in Georgia operations in June 1740. [[File:A View of the Town and Castle of St. Augustine, and the English Camp before it June 20, 1740 - The Gentleman's Magazine, 1740.jpg|thumb|A View of the Town and Castle of St. Augustine, and the English Camp before it June 20, 1740, ''Phoenix'' shown. The Gentleman's Magazine, 1740]]She played a minor role in the 1740 Siege of St. Augustine during the War of Jenkins' Ear. In 1741 she was involved in the defence of Charlestown, South Carolina, from Spanish pirates. She returned Home in April 1742.
==Disposition== She underwent a survey in May 1742 and was condemned. She was hulked at Woolwich in November 1742 by Admiralty Order (AO) 9 November 1742. She was sold at Woolwich by AO 16 June 1744 for £201<ref group=Note>A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|201|1735|r=-2}}}} in today's money.</ref> on 28 June 1744.<ref>Winfield 2007</ref>
==Notes== {{reflist|group=Note}}
==Citations== {{reflist}}
==References== * Winfield 2009, British Warships in the Age of Sail (1603 – 1714), by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, England © 2009, EPUB {{ISBN|978-1-78346-924-6}}, Chapter 5, The Fifth Rates, Vessels acquired from 2 May 1660 ** Winfield 2009a, 1693-94 Programme Fireships, Phoenix ** Winfield 2009b, Rebuilt Fireships, Phoenix * Winfield 2007, British Warships in the Age of Sail (1714 – 1792), by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, England © 2007, EPUB {{ISBN|978-1-78346-925-3}}, Chapter 6, Sixth Rates, Sixth Rates of 20 or 24 guns, Vessels acquired from 1 August 1714, 1719 Establishment Group, Phoenix * Colledge, Ships of the Royal Navy, by J.J. Colledge, revised and updated by Lt Cdr Ben Warlow and Steve Bush, published by Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley, Great Britain, © 2020, EPUB {{ISBN|978-1-5267-9328-7}}, (EPUB), Section P (Phoenix) * Sobel, Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time, by Dava Sobel, Fourth Estate Ltd., London 1998, {{ISBN|1-85702-571-7}} * Woodward, The Republic of Pirates, by Colin Woodward, published by Harcourt, Inc, 2007, ISBN 978-0-15-603462-3, pages 232-240
{{1719 Establishment Group}} {{Sixth Rates of the Royal Navy 1660 to 1714}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phoenix (1694), HMS}} Category:Frigates of the Royal Navy Category:1690s ships Category:Corvettes of the Royal Navy Category:Naval ships of the United Kingdom Category:Ships involved in anti-piracy efforts