{{Short description|Indian tribe in California, United States}} {{infobox ethnic group | group = Viejas Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians<br/>Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians | native_name = | native_name_lang = | flag = Flag of the Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians.svg | flag_caption = Tribal Flag | image = | caption = | population = 394<ref name=sdsu>[http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddict.shtml#p "California Indians and Their Reservations: P."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205040720/http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddict.shtml#p |date=2009-02-05 }} ''SDSU Library and Information Access.'' (retrieved 9 June 2010)</ref> | popplace = United States (California) | langs = Ipai,<ref name=s613>Shipek, 613</ref> Tipai,<ref name=ear>Eargle, 202</ref> English, Spanish | rels = Traditional tribal religion,<br/>Christianity (Roman Catholicism)<ref name=p147>Pritzker, 147</ref> | related = other Kumeyaay tribes, Cocopa,<br />Quechan, Paipai, and Kiliwa }}
The '''Viejas (Baron Long) Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians of the Viejas Reservation''', also called the '''Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians''', is a federally recognized tribe of Kumeyaay Indians.<ref name=p147/>
==Reservations== thumb|Location of Viejas Reservation In 1875, the Viejas Band shared the Capitan Grande Reservation along with the Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians, which consisted of lands in and around the present day El Capitan Reservoir. El Capitan Reservoir, forcibly purchased from the two tribes to provide water for San Diego, submerged what habitable land existed on the reservation. The two tribes jointly control this reservation. It is undeveloped but serves as an ecological preserve.<ref name="ear"/>
The '''Viejas Reservation''' ({{coord|32|51|01|N|116|41|33|W|scale:50000_source:GNIS|display=inline}}), also known as the '''Baron Long Reservation''', is a federal Indian reservation located in San Diego County, California, in the Cuyamaca Mountains near Alpine. After the band was displaced from Capitan Grande, this new reservation was created by executive order in 1934. The reservation is about {{convert|1609|acre|km2}} large. Approximately 289 of the 394 enrolled members live on the reservation.<ref name=sdsu2>[http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddict.shtml#v "California Indians and Their Reservations: V."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205040720/http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddict.shtml#v |date=2009-02-05 }} ''SDSU Library and Information Access.'' (retrieved 9 June 2010)</ref>
The reservation is home to scrub oaks and chaparral. The name "Viejas" comes from the Spanish name for their land, "El Valle de Las Viejas" or "The Valley of the Old Women."<ref name=ear/> In 1973, 121 of the 127 enrolled members lived on the reservation.<ref name=s613/>
===Demographics=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+'''Viejas Reservation, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small> !Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small> !Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Viejas Reservation, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=2520000US4500R&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|website=United States Census Bureau |access-date= }}</ref> !Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Viejas Reservation, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPLNAT2010.P2?q=p2&g=2520000US4500R|website=United States Census Bureau |access-date= }}</ref> !style="background-color: #ffffb3;" |Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Viejas Reservation, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=2520000US4500R&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=United States Census Bureau |access-date= }}</ref> !% 2000 !% 2010 !style="background-color: #ffffb3;" |% 2020 |- |White alone (NH) |195 |114 |style='background: #ffffe6; |95 |49.49% |21.92% |style='background: #ffffe6; |17.66% |- |Black or African American alone (NH) |0 |4 |style='background: #ffffe6; |3 |0.00% |0.77% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.56% |- |Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) |135 |253 |style='background: #ffffe6; |306 |34.26% |48.65% |style='background: #ffffe6; |56.88% |- |Asian alone (NH) |7 |3 |style='background: #ffffe6; |10 |1.78% |0.58% |style='background: #ffffe6; |1.86% |- |Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) |0 |1 |style='background: #ffffe6; |0 |0.00% |0.19% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00% |- |Other race alone (NH) |6 |0 |style='background: #ffffe6; |0 |1.52% |0.00% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00% |- |Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) |12 |35 |style='background: #ffffe6; |43 |3.05% |6.73% |style='background: #ffffe6; |7.99% |- |Hispanic or Latino (any race) |39 |110 |style='background: #ffffe6; |81 |9.90% |21.15% |style='background: #ffffe6; |15.06% |- |'''Total''' |'''394''' |'''520''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''538 ''' |'''100.00%''' |'''100.00%''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%''' |}
==Government== The Viejas Band is headquartered in Alpine, California. They are governed by a democratically elected, seven-person tribal council, who serve two-year terms. Their current administration as of March 2021 is as follows: {{div col}} * Chairman: John Christman * Vice Chairman: Victor E. Woods * Secretary: Rene Curo * Treasurer: Samuel Q. Brown * Councilmember: Adrian M. Brown * Councilmember: Gabriel T. TeSam, Jr. * Councilmember: Kevin M. Carrizosa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://viejasbandofkumeyaay.org/|title =Viejas, KwaHup – Come in!|access-date=30 January 2015}}</ref> {{div col end}}
==Economic development== [[File:ViejasCasino1.jpg|thumb|left|Viejas Casino, Alpine, California]] The tribe owns and operates Viejas Casino, Grove Steakhouse, Far East Winds, Mezz Deli, Daisy's Cafe, Harvest Buffet, V Lounge, DreamCatcher Lounge, and the 57-store Viejas Outlet Center. They also own the first Native American bank in California, Borrego Springs Bank, N.A., with branches in Alpine, Borrego Springs, and La Mesa. They own two recreational vehicle parks. Viejas Entertainment hosts concerts in a 1,500-seat outdoor arena and also promotes talent to casinos throughout the country.<ref name=enter>{{cite web|url=http://www.viejasbandofkumeyaay.org/html/enterprises/enterprises.html|title=Viejas Enterprises|publisher=Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians|access-date=June 9, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419070829/http://www.viejasbandofkumeyaay.org/html/enterprises/enterprises.html|archive-date=April 19, 2010}}</ref>
The tribe owns 50 percent of the Broadcast Company of the Americas, which operates a sports talk station, The Mighty 1090-AM in San Diego.<ref name=enter/>
Viejas partnered with the Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin, the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin, and the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians of California to create Four Fires, LLC, an economic development group. A similar project, Three Fires, LCC is shared between Viejas, and the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin and the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians.<ref name=enter/>
The tribe paid San Diego State University $6 million for naming rights to Viejas Arena.<ref>[http://www.sdsuniverse.info/sdsuniverse/news.aspx?s=70885 "SDSU and Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Agree on Arena Naming Rights."] ''SDSUniverse.'' 17 March 2009 (retrieved 9 June 2010)</ref>
==Events== Two major annual ceremonies on the reservation are the "Clearing of the Cemetery," when tribal members clean and pay their respects at the two tribal cemeteries, and Dia de las Animas or All Souls' Day.<ref>Eargle, 203</ref>
==See also== * Viejas Valley, California * {{C|Cuyamaca Mountains}} * Tommy Pico, Kumeyaay poet
==Bibliography== * Eargle, Jr., Dolan H. ''Northern California Guide: Weaving the Past and Present.'' San Francisco: Tree Company Press, 2000. {{ISBN|0-937401-10-2}}. * Pritzker, Barry M. ''A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-19-513877-1}}. * Shipek, Florence C. "History of Southern California Mission Indians." ''Handbook of North American Indians''. Volume ed. Heizer, Robert F. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978. 610–618. {{ISBN|0-87474-187-4}}.
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== * [http://www.viejasbandofkumeyaay.org/ Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians], official website
{{Mission Tribes of California}} {{Indian reservations in California}} {{San Diego County, California}}
{{authority control}}
Category:Kumeyaay Category:Mission Indians Category:Cuyamaca Mountains Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United States Category:Native American tribes in San Diego County, California Category:Native American tribes in California Category:East County, San Diego Category:Viejas Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians