Victor Louis

{{short description|French architect}} {{About|an architect|the Soviet journalist|Victor Louis (journalist)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox architect | name = Victor Louis | image = Victor Louis portrait engraving - Marionneau 1881 - Google Books.jpg | image_size =  | alt = | caption = Victor Louis | birth_name =  | birth_date = 10 May 1731 | birth_place = Paris, France | death_date = {{death date and age|1800|7|2|1731|5|10|df=yes}} | death_place = Paris, France | other_names = | alma_mater = | spouse = Marie-Emmanuelle Bayon Louis | partner = | children = Marie-Hélène-Victoire Louis | parents = | awards = | practice = | significant_buildings = | significant_projects = | significant_design = | signature = | website =  }}

'''Victor Louis''' ({{IPA|fr|viktɔʁ lwi}}; 10 May 1731, Paris – 2 July 1800, Paris) was a French architect, disqualified on a technicality from winning the Prix de Rome in architecture in 1755.<ref>John 1998, p. 725.</ref>

==Life== He was born Louis-Nicolas Louis in Paris.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sawpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2 Marionneau 1881, p. 2].</ref> He did not adopt the name Victor until after he returned from a trip to Poland in 1765.<ref>Marionneau 1881, p. 3; Braham 1980, p. 147.</ref> In 1770 he married the pianist and composer Marie-Emmanuelle Bayon. They had a daughter, Marie-Hélène-Victoire, in 1774.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sawpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA554 Marionnaire 1881, p. 554].</ref> A full biography of Victor Louis was published by Charles Marionneau in Bordeaux in 1881.<ref>Marionneau 1881.</ref>

==Work== Louis' masterpiece is the Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux of 1780.<ref>Lacouture 1994.</ref> He also designed other theatres, including the Salle Richelieu on the rue de Richelieu (1790, later to become the home of the Comédie-Française) and the Théâtre National de la rue de la Loi (1793, demolished).<ref>Prudent & Guadet 1903.</ref> The Salle Richelieu was the first major building with a roof structure of iron which was selected for its fire-resistant qualities when compared with wood.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/historyofarchite0000flet_l1i8/page/1063/mode/1up Fletcher 1961, p. 1063].</ref><ref>Ayers 2004, p. 48.</ref> Other buildings include the Intendance in Besançon (completed 1776), the garden galleries of the Palais-Royal in Paris (1781–1784), the Salle de Beaujolais (1782–83), and the Château du Bouilh near Bordeaux (1786–1789, unfinished).<ref>Braham 1980, pp. 145–157.</ref><ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG181721 "Collections Online-Victor Louis"]. www.britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 29 July 2020. (Salle de Beaujolais)</ref>

==Gallery== <gallery> File:FILIERES.JPG|{{Ill|Château de Filières|fr}}, Gommerville, 1768 File:GrandTheatreBordeaux2.jpg |Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, 1773–1780 File:Grand escalier de l'opéra de Bordeaux.jpg |Central staircase of the Théâtre de Bordeaux File:Hôtel Saige, Bordeaux, 2020, rue Esprit des lois.jpg|{{Ill|Hôtel de Saige|fr}}, Bordeaux, 1775–1777 File:Préfecture du Doubs (façade sur jardin) (adjusted).jpg |{{Ill|Préfecture du Doubs|fr|lt=Intendance de Besançon}} (garden facade), 1771–1778 Château de Tauzia Gradignan vue parc.JPG|{{Ill|Château de Tauzia|fr}}, Gradignan, 1778 Izon Ch$ateau d'Anglade 1.JPG|{{Ill|Château d'Anglade|fr}}, Izon, 1778 File:Paris Comedie-Francaise exterior.jpg |Salle Richelieu<br />(as designed by Louis) File:Paris Comedie-Francaise.jpg |Auditorium of the {{Nowrap|Salle Richelieu}}<br />(as designed by Louis) File:Victor Louis, Design for the Garden Façade of the Palais Royal, 1781.jpg|Design for the garden galleries of the {{Nowrap|Palais-Royal}} File:Galerie du Beaujolais.JPG |Perspective view of the garden galleries of the Palais-Royal File:Le Bouilh1.JPG |Château of Le Bouilh File:Théâtre des Arts 1791-93 - Auditorium - Mead p50.jpg |Auditorium of the {{Nowrap|Théâtre-National}} File:Théâtre des Arts 1791-93 - elevation, section, plans - Mead p50.jpg |Architectural drawings of the {{Nowrap|Théâtre-National}} </gallery>

==Notes== {{Reflist}}

==Bibliography== * Ayers, Andrew (2004). ''The Architecture of Paris''. Stuttgart; London: Edition Axel Menges. {{ISBN|9783930698967}}. * Braham, Allan (1980). ''The Architecture of the French Enlightenment''. Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|9780520067394}}. * Croizier, Laurent; Bourrousse, Luc (2011). ''The Grand-Théâtre of Bordeaux''. Bordeaux: Festin. {{ISBN|9782360620401}}. * Fletcher, Banister (1961). ''A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method'', 17th edition, edited by R. A. Cordingley. London: The Athlone Press. {{OCLC|561038671}}. 1963 reprint: {{OCLC|859646659}}. [https://archive.org/details/historyofarchite0000flet_l1i8/page/n6/mode/1up Copy] at Internet Archive. * John, Richard (1998). "Louis, Victor [Louis-Nicolas]" in Turner 1998, vol. 19, pp. 725–726. * Lacouture, Jean (1994). ''Le Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux, ou L’Opéra des Vendanges'', photographs by Dominique Thillard. Paris: Caisse nationale des monuments historiques et des sites. {{ISBN|9782858221257}}. * Marionneau, Charles (1881). ''Victor Louis, Architecte du Théâtre de Bordeaux: Sa vie, ses travaux et sa correspondance 1731–1800''. Bordeaux: G. Gounouilhou [https://books.google.com/books?id=sawpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 View] at Google Books.. * Prudent, Henri; Guadet, Paul (1903). ''Les salles de spectacle construites par Victor Louis à Bordeaux, au Palais-Royal et à la place Louvois''. Paris: Librairie de la construction moderne. {{OCLC|7065687}}. * Turner, Jane, editor (1998). ''The Dictionary of Art'', reprinted with minor corrections, 34 volumes. New York: Grove. {{ISBN|9781884446009}}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Louis, Victor}} Category:1731 births Category:Architects from Paris Category:1800 deaths Category:18th-century French architects Category:Prix de Rome for architecture