Vice President of Iraq

{{Short description|Deputy head of state of the Republic of Iraq}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} {{Infobox official post |post = Vice President |body = the Republic of Iraq |insignia = Coat of arms of Iraq.svg |insigniasize = 125px |insigniacaption = Official emblem |image = |imagesize = 165px |imagecaption = |incumbent = ''Vacant'' |incumbentsince = 2 October 2018 |style = His Excellency |residence = |appointer = Parliamentary vote on the names submitted by the President<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/Story/33704/Salih-intends-to-appoint-Abadi-as-vice-president-source|title=Salih intends to appoint Abadi as vice president: source - Iraq News - Local News - Baghdadpost|date=December 2, 2018|website=www.thebaghdadpost.com|access-date=21 December 2018|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029172318/https://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/Story/33704/Salih-intends-to-appoint-Abadi-as-vice-president-source|url-status=dead}}</ref> |appointer_qualified = |termlength = Four years |precursor = |formation = 14 July 1958<br>10 October 2016 (restored) |salary = 122,400 USD annually<ref name="rferl">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iraq_doesnt_need_three_vice_presidents/3537420.html|title=Iraqi Deputies Question Need For Three Vice Presidents|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=25 March 2011 }}</ref> }} {{Politics of Iraq}}

Iraq has had three '''vice presidents''' or '''deputy presidents''' serving concurrently.<ref name="rferl" />

The office of Vice President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its "Transitional Guidelines," creates a three-member presidency (or presidential) council, consisting of the president of Iraq and two deputy presidents, who must act in unison. The presidency council had three members to accommodate Iraq's three largest groups: Sunni Muslim Arabs, Shiite Muslim Arabs, and the mostly Sunni Kurds. As a unit, the Presidency Council was meant to symbolize the unity of the nation. This arrangement is required by the constitution to continue until the Council of Representatives, enters its second set of sessions. At this point, the Presidency Council would be replaced by a solitary President of the Republic, who would have only one deputy, the vice-president. In any case, the Presidency is appointed by the Council of Representatives. The three-member arrangement was a hold-over from the Iraqi Interim Government and the Iraqi Transitional Government.

In September 2014, three new vice presidents were elected: former prime ministers Nouri al-Maliki and Ayad Allawi and former speaker of Parliament Osama al-Nujaifi.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://english.aawsat.com/2015/09/article55344978/iraq-maliki-nujaifi-say-pms-decision-to-cancel-vice-president-posts-unconstitutional|title=Iraq: Maliki, Nujaifi say PM's decision to cancel vice president posts "unconstitutional"|date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125630/http://english.aawsat.com/2015/09/article55344978/iraq-maliki-nujaifi-say-pms-decision-to-cancel-vice-president-posts-unconstitutional|archive-date=2015-12-22}}</ref>

On August 11, 2015, the Council of Representatives approved the plan proposed by the al Abadi government to eliminate the positions of vice president and deputy prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2015/08/14/premature-excitement-about-iraqs-new-government-reforms/|title=Premature excitement about Iraq's new government reforms|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> However, this decision was met with opposition, and Osama al-Nujaifi filed a constitutional complaint. Nuri al-Maliki also expressed his determination to retain his position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-vice-president-files-court-case-keep-post-521531666|title=Iraq vice president files court case to keep his post}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://english.aawsat.com/2015/09/article55344978/iraq-maliki-nujaifi-say-pms-decision-to-cancel-vice-president-posts-unconstitutional|title=Iraq: Maliki, Nujaifi say PM's decision to cancel vice president posts "unconstitutional"|first=Asharq|last=Al-awsat|date=1 September 2015}}</ref>

On October 10, 2016, Federal Supreme Court of Iraq of Iraq ruled that the abolition of the three vice president posts was unconstitutional.<ref name="restored">{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-10/11/c_135744075.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011170848/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-10/11/c_135744075.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 11, 2016|title=Iraqi court nullifies Abadi's earlier decision to sack 3 vice president posts|publisher=Xinhua|date=11 October 2016}}</ref> Consequently, the positions were reinstated.

However, since October 2, 2018, the three vice president posts have remained vacant.

==List of officeholders==

===Under Iraqi Republic and Ba'athist Iraq===

The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Portrait ! rowspan="2" | Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! colspan="3" | Term of office ! rowspan="2" | Political party ! rowspan="2" | President ! rowspan="2" | Notes |- ! Took office ! Left office ! Time in office |- | colspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey" |30px → 30px • '''Iraqi Republic''' ''(pre–Ba'ath Party)'' (1958–1968) • 20px → 20px |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}" | | 80px | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr<br />أحمد حسن البكر<br />{{small|(1914–1982)}} | 18 November 1963 | 4 January 1964 | {{ayd|1963|11|18|1964|1|4}} | Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br>{{small|(Iraq Region)}} | Abdul Salam Arif | <ref name="historicaldictionary">{{cite book |last1=Ghareeb |first1=Edmund A. |title=Historical dictionary of Iraq |date=2004 |publisher=Scarecrow press |location=Lanham (Md.) Oxford |isbn=0-8108-4330-7}}</ref> |- | colspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey" |30px → 30px • '''Iraqi Republic''' ''(under Ba'ath Party)'' (1968–2003) • 20px → 20px |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}" | | | Saddam Hussein<br />صدام حسين<br />{{small|(1937–2006)}} | 17 July 1968 | 15 July 1979 | {{ayd|1968|7|17|1979|7|15}} | Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br>{{small|(Iraq Region)}} | rowspan="3" |Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr | |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}" | | 80px | Hardan al-Tikriti<br />حردان عبدالغفار التكريتي<br />{{small|(1925–1971)}} | 3 April 1970<ref name="historicaldictionary" /> | 15 October 1970 | {{ayd|1970|4|3|1970|10|15}} | Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br>{{small|(Iraq Region)}} | <ref name="auto4">{{Cite book|title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1970Jan-Apr.| year=2003 |hdl = 2027/osu.32435024020109}}</ref> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}" | | 80px | Salih Mahdi Ammash<br />صالح مهدي عماش<br />{{small|(1924–1985)}} | 3 April 1970<ref name="historicaldictionary" /> | December 1971 | {{age in years and months|1970|4|3|1971|12|1}} | Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br>{{small|(Iraq Region)}} | <ref name="auto4"/> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}" | | 80px | Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf<br />طه محيي الدين معروف<br />{{small|(1929–2009)}} | April 1974 | April 2003 | {{age in years|1974|4|1|2003|4|1}} years | Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br>{{small|(Iraq Region)}} | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr<br>Saddam Hussein | <ref>{{Cite book|title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1974Jan-June.| year=2003 |hdl = 2027/osu.32435024020042}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1988Jan-June.| year=2003 |hdl = 2027/osu.32435024019796}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book|title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1991July-Dec.| year=2003 |hdl = 2027/osu.32435083449116}}</ref> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}" | | 80px | Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri<br />عزة إبراهيم الدوري<br />{{small|(1942–2020)}} | 16 July 1979 | 9 April 2003 | {{ayd|1979|7|16|2003|4|9}} | Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br>{{small|(Iraq Region)}} | rowspan="2" |Saddam Hussein | |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}" | | 80px | Taha Yassin Ramadan<br />طه ياسين رمضان الجزراوي‎<br />{{small|(1938–2007)}} | March 1991 | 9 April 2003 | {{ayd|1991|3|1|2003|4|9}} | Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br>{{small|(Iraq Region)}} | <ref name="auto1"/> |}

===Republic of Iraq since 2004=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Portrait ! rowspan="2" | Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! colspan="3" | Term of office ! rowspan="2" | Political party ! rowspan="2" | President ! rowspan="2" | Notes |- ! Took office ! Left office ! Time in office |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Islamic Dawa Party}}" | | 80px | Ibrahim al-Jaafari<br />إبراهيم الجعفري<br />{{small|(born 1947)}} | 1 June 2004 | 7 April 2005 | {{ayd|2004|6|1|2005|4|7}} | Islamic Dawa Party | rowspan="2" |Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer | <ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/27559/pg27559.html |title = The Project Gutenberg eBook of The 2004 CIA World Factbook, by United States. Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Kurdistan Democratic Party}}" | | 80px | Rowsch Shaways<br />روز نورى شاويس<br />{{small|(1947–2021)}} | 1 June 2004 | 7 April 2005 | {{ayd|2004|6|1|2005|4|7}} | Kurdistan Democratic Party | <ref name="auto2"/> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq}}" | | 80px | Adil Abdul-Mahdi<br />عادل عبد المهدي<br />{{small|(born 1942)}} | 7 April 2005 | 11 July 2011 | {{ayd|2005|4|7|2011|7|11}} | Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq | rowspan="3" |Jalal Talabani | <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90854/7379161.html|title=Iraqi parliament approves three vice presidents - People's Daily Online|website=en.people.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2011-07-11-iraq-vice-president-resigns_n.htm|title=One of Iraq's vice presidents resigns|website=USATODAY.COM}}</ref> |- ! style="background-color:#CC6600" | | 80px | Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer<br />غازي مشعل عجيل الياور<br />{{small|(born 1958)}} | 7 April 2005 | 22 April 2006 | {{ayd|2005|4|7|2006|4|22}} | The Iraqis | |- ! style="background-color:#66CC66" | | 80px | Tariq al-Hashimi<br />طارق الهاشمي<br />{{small|(born 1942)}} | 22 April 2006 | 10 September 2012 | {{ayd|2006|4|22|2012|9|10}} | Iraqi Islamic Party | <ref name="auto5"/> |- ! style="background-color:#286F42" | | 80px | Khodair al-Khozaei<br />خضير الخزاعي<br />{{small|(born 1947)}} | 13 May 2011 | 9 September 2014 | {{ayd|2011|5|13|2014|9|9}} | Islamic Dawa Party – Iraq Organisation | Jalal Talabani<br>Fuad Masum | <ref name="auto5"/> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Islamic Dawa Party}}" | | 80px | Nouri al-Maliki<br />نوري المالكي<br />{{small|(born 1950)}} | 9 September 2014 | 11 August 2015 | {{ayd|2014|9|9|2015|8|11}} | Islamic Dawa Party | rowspan="3" |Fuad Masum | <ref name="appointment2014">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iraqinews.com/baghdad-politics/urgent-al-maliki-allawi-najafi-new-vice-presidents-iraq/|title=URGENT: al-Maliki, Allawi, Najafi to be new Vice-Presidents of Iraq - Iraqi News|date=8 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name="auto3"/> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Muttahidoon}}" | | 80px | Osama al-Nujaifi<br />أسامة النجيفي<br />{{small|(born 1956)}} | 9 September 2014 | 11 August 2015 | {{ayd|2014|9|9|2015|8|11}} | Muttahidoon | <ref name="appointment2014" /><ref name="auto3"/> |- ! style="background-color:#00009F" | | 80px | Ayad Allawi<br />أياد علاوي<br />{{small|(born 1944)}} | 9 September 2014 | 11 August 2015 | {{ayd|2014|9|9|2015|8|11}} | Iraqi National Accord | <ref name="appointment2014" /><ref name="auto3"/> |- | colspan="9" | Post abolished ({{Dts|format=dmy|2015|August|11}}–{{Dts|format=dmy|2016|October|10}})<ref name="auto" /> |- | colspan="9" | Post restored ({{Dts|format=dmy|2016|October|10}}–present)<ref name="restored" /> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Islamic Dawa Party}}" | | 80px | Nouri al-Maliki<br />نوري المالكي<br />{{small|(born 1950)}} | 10 October 2016 | 2 October 2018 | {{ayd|2016|10|10|2018|10|2}} | Islamic Dawa Party | rowspan="3" |Fuad Masum | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170123-i-will-declare-independent-kurdistan-if-al-maliki-returns-to-power-warns-barzani/|title='I will declare independent Kurdistan if Al-Maliki returns to power,' warns Barzani|publisher=Middle East Monitor|date=23 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/baghdad-politics/barzani-says-declare-kurdistans-independence-maliki-returns-iraq-pm/|title=Barzani says to declare Kurdistan's independence if Maliki returns as Iraq PM|publisher=Iraqi News|date=23 January 2017}}</ref> |- ! style="background-color:{{party color|Muttahidoon}}" | | 80px | Osama al-Nujaifi<br />أسامة النجيفي<br />{{small|(born 1956)}} | 10 October 2016 | 2 October 2018 | {{ayd|2016|10|10|2018|10|2}} | Muttahidoon | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/02/mosul-governor-atheel-nujaifi-iraq-turkey.html#|title=Will Mosul witness a political battle post-IS?|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=18 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trtworld.com/mea/iraq-cuts-off-support-for-pkk-vice-president-says-296722|title=Iraq cuts off support for PKK, vice president says|publisher=TRT World|date=13 February 2017|access-date=18 February 2017|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011104600/http://www.trtworld.com/mea/iraq-cuts-off-support-for-pkk-vice-president-says-296722|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! style="background-color:#00009F" | | 80px | Ayad Allawi<br />أياد علاوي<br />{{small|(born 1944)}} | 10 October 2016 | 2 October 2018 | {{ayd|2016|10|10|2018|10|2}} | Iraqi National Accord | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170216-iraq-vp-accuses-iran-of-violating-iraqi-sovereignty-in-the-arabian-gulf/|title=Iraq VP accuses Iran of violating Iraqi sovereignty in the Arabian Gulf|publisher=Middle East Monitor|date=16 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/ishm-february-3-9-2017|title=ISHM: February 3 - 9, 2017|publisher=Reliefweb.int|date=9 February 2017}}</ref> |}

===Timeline=== {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:10 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late

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bar:al-Bakr from: 18/11/1963 till: 04/01/1964 color:IBA text:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr bar:Hussein from: 01/07/1968 till: 31/07/1979 color:IBA text:Saddam Hussein bar:al-Tikriti from: 03/04/1970 till: 31/10/1970 color:IBA text:Hardan al-Tikriti bar:Ammash from: 03/04/1970 till: 31/12/1971 color:IBA text:Salih Mahdi Ammash bar:Marouf from: 01/04/1974 till: 30/04/2003 color:IBA text:Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf bar:al-Douri from: 01/07/1979 till: 30/04/2003 color:IBA text:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri bar:Ramadan from: 01/03/1991 till: 30/04/2003 color:IBA text:Taha Yassin Ramadan bar:al-Jaafari from: 01/06/2004 till: 07/04/2005 color:IDP text:Ibrahim al-Jaafari bar:Shaways from: 01/06/2004 till: 07/04/2005 color:KDP text:Rowsch Shaways bar:Abdul-Mahdi from: 07/04/2005 till: 11/07/2011 color:ISC text:Adil Abdul-Mahdi bar:al-Yawer from: 07/04/2005 till: 22/04/2006 color:IRQ text:Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer bar:al-Hashimi from: 22/04/2006 till: 10/09/2012 color:IIP text:Tariq al-Hashimi bar:al-Khozaei from: 13/05/2011 till: 09/09/2014 color:IDI text:Khodair al-Khozaei bar:al-Maliki from: 09/09/2014 till: 11/08/2015 color:IDP bar:al-Nujaifi from: 09/09/2014 till: 11/08/2015 color:MUT bar:Allawi from: 09/09/2014 till: 11/08/2015 color:INA bar:al-Maliki from: 10/10/2016 till: 02/10/2018 color:IDP text:Nouri al-Maliki bar:al-Nujaifi from: 10/10/2016 till: 02/10/2018 color:MUT text:Osama al-Nujaifi bar:Allawi from: 10/10/2016 till: 02/10/2018 color:INA text:Ayad Allawi

}}

== See also == * List of current vice presidents

== References == {{reflist}}

{{Iraq topics}}

Category:Vice presidents of Iraq Category:Politics of Iraq Category:Government of Iraq Iraq