{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{infobox ethnic group | group = Venezuelan Brazilians<br /><small>''Venezuelano-brasileiros''<br />''Venezolano brasileños''</small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = | flag = File:Frontera Venezuela Brasil.jpg | flag_caption = [[Pacaraima]] in the northern state of [[Roraima]] has served as a major point of entry for Venezuelan refugees coming into Brazil. | image = {{flagicon|Brazil}} {{flagicon|Venezuela}} | caption = | population = '''626,885'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.r4v.info/es/refugiadosymigrantes | title=Refugiados y migrantes de Venezuela | R4V }}</ref> | popplace = Brazil: Mainly [[North Region, Brazil|Northern Region]]<br />[[Southeastern Brazil|Southeastern]]<br />[[Central-West Region, Brazil|Central-West]] | langs = Spanish {{·}} [[Brazilian Portuguese|Portuguese]]<br /><small>Minority:</small> [[Warao language|Warao]] | rels = Mostly [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]<br /> and [[Folk religions]]. | related = [[Venezuelans]] <br />other Brazilian, [[Hispanic]] and [[Hispanophone]] people }}
'''Venezuelan Brazilians''' are individuals of full, partial, or predominantly Venezuelan ancestry, or a Venezuelan-born person residing in Brazil. Until the early 2010s, the immigration of this group was little expressive compared to the immigration of other South American peoples such as [[Argentine Brazilians|Argentines]], [[Bolivians in Brazil|Bolivians]] or [[Paraguayan Brazilians|Paraguayans]]. However, the [[crisis in Venezuela]] and the [[Venezuelan refugee crisis|subsequent refugee crisis]] has led to Brazil becoming home to a large number of Venezuelan refugees, most of whom enter the border through the northern state of [[Roraima]]. By the beginning of the 2020, more than 200,000 Venezuelans have migrated to the country looking for refuge.<ref>{{cite web |title=Posto em Manaus (AM) atende mais de 5 mil refugiados e migrantes em dois meses|url=https://nacoesunidas.org/posto-em-manaus-am-atende-mais-de-5-mil-refugiados-e-migrantes-em-dois-meses/ |website=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] |publisher=United Nations |access-date=7 January 2020 |language=pt |date=6 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-19|title=The Double Victims of the Venezuelan Crisis|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/09/19/double-victims-venezuelan-crisis|access-date=2021-03-23|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref>
Mass migration from Venezuela has proven challenging for authorities in Roraima, with informal estimates from 2019 suggesting that Venezuelan refugees constitute a fifth of the state's total population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Displaced Venezuelans struggle to survive in northern Brazil - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/venezuela-bolivarian-republic/displaced-venezuelans-struggle-survive-northern-brazil|access-date=2021-03-23|website=ReliefWeb|date=14 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
== Anti-migrant sentiment == Backlash against Venezuelan migrants in Roraima has led to numerous violent attacks on refugees by Brazilians,<ref>{{Cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2018-08-18 |title=Brazilians attack Venezuelan immigrants in border town|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-brazil-venezuelan-immigrants-20180818-story.html|access-date=2026-05-05|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> with groups such as the ''Patriotas de Roraima'' ("Patriots of Roraima") forming to oppose further migration.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ramalho |first=Sérgio |title=Virou rotina agredir e assassinar venezuelanos em Roraima|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/11/28/violencia-xenofobia-venezuelanos-roraima/|access-date=2021-03-23|work=The Intercept Brasil|date=28 November 2019 |language=pt}}</ref>
The Venezuelan refugee crisis has had dramatic effects on the politics of Roraima, with the issue of accommodating refugees becoming a top issue in state politics. In 2018, [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] businessman [[Antonio Denarium]], an ally of [[Jair Bolsonaro]], successfully ran for [[Governor of Roraima]]. In office, he has advocated for the federal government to close the border with Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor-elect urges federal intervention in Brazil's Roraima state - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-12/12/c_137668609.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212104441/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-12/12/c_137668609.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 December 2018|access-date=2021-03-23|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> During the [[2020 Brazilian municipal elections]], some right-wing candidates in the state capital city of [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]] employed anti-Venezuelan sentiment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=Candidatos a prefeito em Boa Vista usam retórica anti-venezuelanos em campanha|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2020/10/candidato-a-prefeito-em-boa-vista-promete-fim-de-privilegios-de-venezuelanos.shtml|access-date=2021-03-23|website=Folha de S.Paulo|language=pt-BR}}</ref>
== Migration of Warao people == A notable number of Venezuelans who emigrate to Brazil are of the [[Warao people|Warao]] ethnicity. Most of them, when migrating, settle in the state of Roraima, which borders Venezuela.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://efectococuyo.com/principales/venezolanos-deportados-de-brasil-vivian-de-la-venta-de-artesanias-y-limosnas | trans-title= |url-status= | title=Venezolanos deportados de Brasil vivían de la venta de artesanías y limosnas | author=Efecto Cocuyo | author-link= | format= | series= | volume= | issue= | editor= | publisher= | agency= | location= | page= | pages= | date=27 January 2017 | access-date=23 March 2017 | language= | doi= | id= | archive-url= | archive-date= | quote= | chapter= | issn= | isbn= | type= | editor-last= | editor-first= | website= | journal= }}</ref>
===Espírito Santo=== On August 16, 2022, about 25 Warao from [[Teixeira de Freitas]], [[Bahia]],{{efn|Before arriving in Vitória, expected to be their last stop, the group crossed the Venezuelan border in the city of Pacaraima, Roraima, passing through cities such as Boa Vista, Manaus, Belém and Jequié, the latter already in Bahia.<ref name="G1" />|group=lower-alpha}} were dropped off by a city bus in an area close to the [[Vitória, Espírito Santo|Vitória]] [[bus station]], [[Espírito Santo]], during the night, thus generating a debate about whose care responsibility and whether it would be legal to "transfer the problem to another city". On the same day, they were sent to a temporary shelter at Centro Pop, with another 21 expected to arrive.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.folhavitoria.com.br/geral/venezuelanos-em-vitoria-de-quem-e-a-responsabilidade/ | trans-title= |url-status= | title=Venezuelanos deixados em Vitória: de quem é a responsabilidade? | author= | author2= | author3= | last= | first= | author-link= | format= | series= | volume= | issue= | editor= | publisher= | agency= | location= | page= | pages= | date= | year= | access-date=2022-08-18 | language= | doi= | id= | archive-url= | archive-date= | quote= | last2= | first2= | last3= | first3= | chapter= | issn= | isbn= | type= | editor-last= | editor-first= | website=Folha Vitória }}</ref>
Even with the secretary of Welfare of Teixeira de Freitas, Marcelo Teixeira, denying the accusations of [[negligence]], saying that "dignity for these people was not lacking" and that the initiative to move to the capital was from the indigenous themselves, he was criticized in his social networks. Vitoria claimed that it had not been previously informed of the arrival of the Venezuelans, so that "if it had known, it would have prepared a more dignified reception". The secretary, in turn, said that he did not do it because he understood that it should be done to [[Fundação Nacional do Índio|FUNAI]]. Neither the Secretariat of Justice, Human Rights and Social Development of Bahia nor the state government itself were communicated.<ref name="G1">{{cite web | url=https://g1.globo.com/es/espirito-santo/noticia/2022/08/16/estava-muito-dificil-conseguir-comida-diz-cacique-de-indigenas-venezuelanos-que-foram-deixados-no-es-por-onibus-clandestino-da-bahia.ghtml | trans-title= |url-status= | title='Estava muito difícil conseguir comida', diz cacique de indígenas venezuelanos que foram deixados no ES por ônibus clandestino da Bahia | author= | author2= | author3= | last= | first= | author-link= | format= | series= | volume= | issue= | editor= | publisher= | agency= | location= | page= | pages= | date=16 August 2022 | access-date=2022-08-18 | language=pt-br | doi= | id= | archive-url= | archive-date= | quote= | last2= | first2= | last3= | first3= | chapter= | issn= | isbn= | type= | editor-last= | editor-first= | website=G1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.folhavitoria.com.br/geral/noticia/08/2022/secretario-de-teixeira-de-freitas-causa-polemica-ao-comentar-sobre-venezuelanos-em-vitoria | trans-title= |url-status= | title=Secretário de Teixeira de Freitas causa polêmica ao comentar sobre venezuelanos em Vitória | last=Pereira | first=Marcelo | author-link= | format= | series= | volume= | issue= | editor= | publisher= | agency= | location= | page= | pages= | date=2022-08-16 | access-date=2022-08-18 | language=pt-br | doi= | id= | archive-url= | archive-date= | quote= | chapter= | issn= | isbn= | type= | editor-last= | editor-first= | website=Folha Vitória }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.agazeta.com.br/es/cotidiano/envio-de-venezuelanos-da-bahia-para-vitoria-foi-irregular-diz-mpf-es-0822 | trans-title= |url-status= | title=Envio de venezuelanos da Bahia para Vitória foi irregular, diz MPF-ES | author= | author2= | author3= | last= | first= | author-link= | format= | series= | volume= | issue= | editor= | publisher= | agency= | location= | page= | pages= | date= | year= | access-date=2022-08-18 | language=pt-br | doi= | id= | archive-url= | archive-date= | quote= | last2= | first2= | last3= | first3= | chapter= | issn= | isbn= | type= | editor-last= | editor-first= | website=A Gazeta }}</ref>
== See also == {{Portal|Venezuela|Brazil}} *[[Brazil–Venezuela relations]] *[[Venezuelan refugee crisis]] *[[Venezuelan protests (2014–present)]] *[[Anti-Venezuelan sentiment]] *[[Immigration from other South American countries to Brazil]] *[[List of diasporas]]
==Notes== {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Venezuelan diaspora}} {{Ancestry and ethnicity in Brazil}} {{Brazil topics}} {{Portal bar|Venezuela|Brazil}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Venezuelans In Brazil}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Brazil]] [[Category:Brazilian people of Venezuelan descent| ]] [[Category:Venezuelan diaspora|Brazil]]