{{Short description|Tram / light rail vehicle by Stadler Rail}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} thumb|Variobahn tram The '''Stadler Variobahn''' (formerly sold as the '''ABB Variotram''', '''Adtranz Variotram''' and '''Bombardier Variotram''') is a model of articulated low-floor tram and light rail vehicle. Since its introduction in 1993, the Variobahn has been manufactured variously by ABB, Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation, and since 2001 by Stadler Pankow.<ref>ABB unveils Variotram ''International Railway Journal'' January 1992 page 50</ref> As of 2009, 254 trams have been ordered, with an additional 110 on option. A unit costs about €2.5 million.<ref name=varioreflist>{{cite web |url=http://www.stadlerrail.com/images/content/Referenzliste_Variobahn_e.pdf |title=Referenzliste Variobahn |author=Stadler Rail |author-link=Stadler Rail |access-date=3 April 2009 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name=potsdam>{{cite news |url=http://archiv.tagesspiegel.de/archiv/11.10.2008/4342801.pnn |title=Der ViP will die Variobahn |date=11 October 2008 |work=Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten |access-date=3 April 2009 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609100937/http://archiv.tagesspiegel.de/archiv/11.10.2008/4342801.pnn |archive-date=9 June 2009 }}</ref>
Operators include the Graz Holding, the Bergen Light Rail, the Chemnitz Tramway, Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr, the Rhine Neckar Area Tramway and London Tramlink.
==History== [[File:Straßenbahn Nürnberg TW 1201 St. Peter.jpg|thumb|Variotram in Nuremberg, Germany]]
===Prototypes and early deliveries=== The Variotram was first developed by ABB (ASEA Brown Boveri) at Henschel and a prototype was launched in 1993 for the Chemnitz tramway in Germany, operated by Chemnitzer Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft (CVAG). The serial delivery, with minor modifications, was made between 1998 and 2001—bringing the total number of units for Chemnitz to thirty. Of these, twenty-four were operated by CVAG and six by City-Bahn Chemnitz. In 1995, ABB's train division merged to become Adtranz. One prototype the following year sold to the Duisburg Stadtbahn, but serial production was never initiated for Duisburg.<ref name=varioreflist /><ref>{{cite news | title = Chemnitz – Germany's latest tram-train network | first = Keith | last = Fender | work = Today's Railways Europe | date = March 2014 | issue = 219 | publisher = Platform 5 Publishing | location = Sheffield | pages = 20–29 }}</ref> The Duisburg prototype is now privately owned and stored in Norway.
In 1996, six trams were delivered to serve on the light rail between Mannheim, Heidelberg and Weinheim, Germany, operated by Oberrheinischen Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft. From 2001 to 2007, it ordered additional 20 trams. These were supplemented in 2002 by eight trams for the Heidelberg Tramway, and in 2001–07 by 16 trams for the Mannheim Tramway.<ref name=varioreflist /> In 1996, the Sydney light rail system, in Australia, took delivery of seven trams, which were built in Adtranz's factory in Dandenong, Melbourne, Australia. All were withdrawn by mid-2015 and the remaining six put up for sale.<ref name=Sydney>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/sydney/ |title=Sydney Light Rail Construction and Extension |publisher=Railway Technology |access-date=3 April 2009}}</ref> Five were scrapped in early 2018, and the last built, number 2107 was transferred to the Sydney Tramway Museum in October 2018 for preservation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sydneytramwaymuseum.com.au/tramfans/sydney-variotram-2107-arrives-at-loftus/|title=Sydney Variotram 2107 arrives at Loftus – Ride a tram in Sydney Tramway Museum|website=sydneytramwaymuseum.com.au|date=22 October 2018 |language=en-AU|access-date=2018-11-16}}</ref>
===Helsinki=== [[File:ModernFinnishTram.jpg|thumb|Variotram in Helsinki, Finland]] Forty Variotrams were delivered to Helsinki City Transport (HKL), Finland, between 1998 and 2003 for use on the Helsinki tramway, at a cost of €76 million.<ref name=SRS /> These trams were built by Transtech (who later produced the newer Artic models) in Otanmäki under a technology transfer agreement with Adtranz. During this time the company was acquired by Bombardier, who inherited the design in 2000, making the Helsinki trams the only Variotrams to be produced under the Bombardier name.
In service, the Variotrams were found to be ill-suited for Helsinki's tram network, having suffered from numerous technical problems, including cracks in the bogies and vehicle body shells. Before 2009 often less than half of the trams have been in working condition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/variobahn.html |title=Variobahn |access-date=27 June 2008 |last=Alku |first=Antero |date=6 May 2007 |work=Kaupunkiliikenne.net |language=fi}}</ref><ref name=HS>{{cite news |url=http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/Vikojen+vaivaamat++raitiovaunut+pysyv%C3%A4t++Helsingin+liikenteess%C3%A4/HS20070517SI2KA01j3g |title=Vikojen vaivaamat raitiovaunut pysyvät Helsingin liikenteessä |access-date=27 June 2008 |last=Salonen |first=Juha |date=24 August 2007 |work=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref> HKL considered returning the trams to Bombardier as unsatisfactory, but after a long series of negotiations a compromise was reached in May 2007, when the responsibility for maintaining the trams was transferred to Bombardier.<ref name=HS /> The contract agreed in May 2007 states that, from May 2008 onwards, if more than four Variotrams in Helsinki are not in operational condition, Bombardier must pay a daily fine to the HKL for every non-operational tram. If more than eight trams are in non-operational condition, HKL has the right to cancel the contract and return the trams to Bombardier, who are obliged to return the €76 million that HKL paid for the trams.<ref name=HS /> In order to cope with the requirements of the agreement, Bombardier established its own maintenance workshop in Helsinki in mid-2008, located in the premises of the former VR Group electric locomotive workshop in Pasilan Konepaja.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/varikot/bomba.htm |title=Tram repair shop: Bombardier Transportation |access-date=29 August 2008 |author=Finnish Tramway Society |language=fi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002034500/http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/varikot/bomba.htm |archive-date=2 October 2008 }}</ref>
In August 2017 a contract was agreed after long negotiations between HKL and Bombardier to cancel the purchase of the Variotrams. Bombardier will pay HKL 33 million euros in compensation for the shorter than originally contractually agreed 40 year lifetime of the trams. HKL will return the trams to Bombardier from 2018 on.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/art-2000005336282.html |title=HKL hankkiutuu eroon vanhoista matalalalattiaraitiovaunuista – Bombardier maksaa korvauksia 33 miljoonaa euroa| access-date=4 September 2017 |last=Salomaa |first=Marja |date=22 August 2017 |work=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref>
===Stadler=== [[File:Bybanen23.juni2010.jpg|thumb|Stadler built Variobahn for the Bergen Light Rail, Norway]] To concentrate on its own Flexity family of vehicles, Bombardier reached an agreement with the European Commission where Bombardier would divest the Variotram division to Stadler Rail of Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.metro-magazine.com/management-operations/article/210079/bombardier-acquisition-of-adtranz-approved | title=Bombardier acquisition of Adtranz approved | work=Metro Magazine | date=1 April 2001}}</ref>
Stadler subsequently renamed the tram as Variobahn and has since secured several contracts,<ref name=varioreflist /> delivering: *8 trams for use on the Ludwigshafen tramway *30 trams for the Bochum–Gelsenkirchen tramway *8 trams for the Nuremberg tramway *14 trams for the Munich tramway<ref name="oekonews.at">{{cite news |url=http://oekonews.at/index.php?mdoc_id=1038788 |title=Variobahn – eine neue Tram für München |access-date=3 April 2009 |date=2 April 2009 |work=Oekonews |language=de }}</ref> *34 trams for the Bergen Light Rail *45 trams for the Graz tramway *19 trams for the Potsdam tramway<ref name="potsdam"/> *12 trams for Tramlink in London<ref name=rgi20120215>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/london-tramlink-prepares-to-put-new-trams-into-service.html|title=London Tramlink prepares to put new trams into service|date=15 February 2012|work=Railway Gazette International|access-date=5 August 2013|archive-date=17 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217033526/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/london-tramlink-prepares-to-put-new-trams-into-service.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishtramsonline.co.uk/croydon.html|title=British Trams Online – London Tramlink Fleet List|website=britishtramsonline.co.uk|access-date=2016-07-14|archive-date=14 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114131432/http://www.britishtramsonline.co.uk/croydon.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *14 trams for Aarhus Letbane<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letbanetogene |url=https://www.letbanen.dk/om-letbanen/letbanetog/ |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Aarhus Letbane |language=da-DK}}</ref> *16 trams for Odense Letbane<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tal og fakta - Odense Letbane |url=https://www.odenseletbane.dk/alt-om-letbanen/tal-og-fakta |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=www.odenseletbane.dk |language=da}}</ref>
As of 2009, a total of 254 Variobahn trams have been ordered, with an additional 110 on option. A unit costs about €2.5 million.<ref name="varioreflist"/> Stadler builds its trams at their Pankow plant in the northern suburbs of Berlin and the Stadler facility at Velten north of Berlin.
====Problems in Munich==== {{further|Munich Class S tram}} In December 2014, MVG took seven of its Variobahns out of service due to cracks in vehicle bodies. By January 2015, all Variobahns had to be withdrawn for repairs. MVG chose not to exercise options to buy any more Variobahns, and turned to Siemens to supply its next generation of trams.
====Variobahn trams for Croydon Tramlink==== thumb|Variobahn in London, United Kingdom Six units were ordered for Tramlink by Transport for London in August 2011 at a cost of £16.3 million<ref name=rgi20110818>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/stadler-wins-london-tramlink-tram-order.html|title=Stadler wins London Tramlink tram order|date=18 August 2011|work=Railway Gazette International|access-date=18 August 2011|archive-date=17 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917051215/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/stadler-wins-london-tramlink-tram-order.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> with an option for up to eight more.<ref name=rgi20120215/>
Three of the Croydon trams were diverted from a batch of five which were ordered for the Bybanen line in Bergen, Norway.<ref name=rgi20110818 /> Stadler built these earlier than the contractual delivery date to make use of free capacity at its factory. Three more trams were built directly for Croydon, plus three trams for Bergen to replace the ones which went to Croydon.<ref name=rgi20110818 />
Initial testing was carried out in Chemnitz, Saxony.<ref name=rgi20120104>{{cite news | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/croydon-tram-on-test-in-chemnitz.html |title=Croydon tram on test in Chemnitz|date=4 January 2012 |work=Railway Gazette International}}</ref> The first tram, 2554, was delivered to Croydon on 24 January 2012<ref name=rgi20120124>{{cite news | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/croydon-tramlink-takes-delivery-of-cars.html |title=Croydon Tramlink takes delivery of cars|date=24 January 2012 |work=Railway Gazette International}}</ref> and carried its first passengers on 30 March 2012.
==Specifications== [[File:OEG Variobahn 117 in Viernheim 100 1085.jpg|thumb|Variobahn in Mannheim, Germany]] The Variotram is a low-floor light rail tram designed for city center operation. Since customers consist of both existing and new systems, and their specifications vary, the Variotram has flexibility in specifications. It can be built as uni- or bi-directional, with 70 or 100% low floor. Rail gauge can be {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}} or {{Track gauge|1m|allk=on}}. Width options include {{convert|2.3|m|frac=8}}, {{convert|2.4|m|frac=8}}, {{convert|2.5|m|frac=8}} and {{convert|2.65|m|frac=8}}. The length varies with either three, four, five or seven articulated modules. The floor height is {{convert|350|mm}} over the rail. The seating and standing arrangements are flexible, and the trams feature {{convert|1350|mm}} wide doors. The tram has hub motors on all wheels, thus eliminating the need for axles and bogies. These compact motors are the key to the low-floor concept, since they can be placed under the seating. This allows the full length of the tram to be step-free accessible from the platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stadlerrail.com/en/vehicles/variobahn/ |title=Variobahn |access-date=2012-09-24 |author=Stadler |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915042001/http://www.stadlerrail.com/en/vehicles/variobahn/ |archive-date=2012-09-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Several of the configurations of the trams are customizable to fit each tramway. In addition to the four possible widths and choice of gauge, the trams can be custom-built for the necessary length.<ref name=varioreflist /> Trams are built modally, so that they can later be rebuilt or extended.<ref name=schmincke>{{cite journal |author=Schmincke, Jimmy |title=Nye sporvogner til Bergen |journal=På Sporet |year=2007 |volume=132 |pages=4–10 |language=no}}</ref> All trams built so far have five modules and twelve wheels. The trams are available with four motor settings: four or six wheels powered with {{convert|95|kW|adj=on}} motors, or eight or twelve wheels with {{convert|45|kW|adj=on}} motors. Of the models built so far, the length has varied from {{convert|24.4|to|42.8|m}} (Helsinki and Mannheim, respectively). Similarly, tare weight varies from {{convert|35|to|50|t}}. Seating capacity varies between 38 (Graz) and 100 (Heidelberg), while standing capacity peaks at 193 for the Duisburg version.<ref name=varioreflist />
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==Production== {|class="wikitable sortable" !System !! Owner !! Quantity !! Delivery !! Length !! Width !! Gauge !! Operation !! Seats !! Standing !! Maximum power<br />kW !! class="unsortable" | Ref |- | rowspan=2 | Chemnitz Tramway || rowspan=2 | Chemnitzer Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft || {{nts|14}} || 1993-2000 || rowspan="3" | {{convert|31.4|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="3" | {{convert|2.65|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || rowspan=3 | {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}} || <abbr title="Uni-directional">Uni</abbr> || {{nts|89}} || {{nts|123}} || rowspan=3 | 8 x 45 kW || align=center rowspan=3 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city-bahn.de/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=48 |title=Die Variobahn NGT6-LDZ |author=City-Bahn Chemnitz |language=de |access-date=3 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609100026/http://www.city-bahn.de/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=48 |archive-date=9 June 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stadlerrail.com/index.php?page=198 |title=Chemnitzer Verkehrs-AG (CVAG), Deutschland |author=Stadler Rail |author-link=Stadler Rail |language=de |access-date=3 April 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> |- | {{nts|10}} || 2000 || rowspan="3" | <abbr title="Bi-directional">Bi</abbr> || rowspan=2 | {{nts|74}} || rowspan=2 | 124 |- | City-Bahn Chemnitz || City-Bahn Chemnitz || {{nts|6}} || 2001 |- | rowspan=3 | Mannheim Tramway || rowspan=3 | MVV Verkehr || {{nts|6}} || 1996 || {{convert|32.2|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| {{convert|2.5|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || rowspan=3 | {{Track gauge|1m|allk=on}} || {{nts|90}} || {{nts|100}} || 4 x 95 kW|| align=center rowspan=3 |<ref name=varioreflist /> |- | {{nts|16}} || rowspan=2 | 2002–07 || {{convert|42.7|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="2" | {{convert|2.4|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || <abbr title="Uni-directional">Uni</abbr> || {{nts|129}} || {{nts|130}} || 6 x 95 kW |- | {{nts|20}} || {{convert|30.5|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="3" | <abbr title="Bi-directional">Bi</abbr> || {{nts|80}} || {{nts|90}} || 4 x 95 kW |- | Duisburg Stadtbahn || Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft || {{nts|1}} || 1996 || {{convert|33.8|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| {{convert|2.3|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} ||rowspan=2 | {{Track gauge|sg}} || {{nts|38}} || {{nts|193}} || rowspan="2" | 8 x 45 KW || align=center |<ref name="Stadler Rail 199">{{cite web |url=http://www.stadlerrail.com/index.php?page=199 |title=Stadtbahn Duisburg (DVG), Deutschland |author=Stadler Rail |author-link=Stadler Rail |language=de |access-date=3 April 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> |- | Inner West Light Rail (Sydney) || Metro Transport Sydney || {{nts|7}} || 1997-98 || {{convert|28.0|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| {{convert|2.65|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || 74 || 143 || align="center" |<ref name="Metro Transport Sydney">{{cite web |url=http://www.metrotransport.com.au/Technical/LightRailTechSheet.pdf |title=Technical Details (Metro Light Rail) |publisher=Metro Transport Sydney |author-link=Light Rail in Sydney |access-date=3 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012050602/http://www.metrotransport.com.au/Technical/LightRailTechSheet.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2004 }}</ref><ref name=Sydney /> |- | Helsinki Tramway || Helsinki City Transport || {{nts|40}} || 1998-2004 || {{convert|24.4|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| {{convert|2.3|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} ||rowspan=4 | {{Track gauge|1m}} || <abbr title="Uni-directional">Uni</abbr> || 55 || 80 || 12 x 45 kW || align=center |<ref name=SRS>{{cite web |url=http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hklvario/vario.htm |title=HKL: Motor trams 201 – 240 Variotram |access-date=27 June 2008 |date=27 March 2008 |publisher=Finnish Tramway Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014233602/http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hklvario/vario.htm |archive-date=14 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | Heidelberg Tramway || Heidelberger Straßen- und Bergbahn || {{nts|8}} || 2002 || {{convert|39.4|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="2" | {{convert|2.4|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || <abbr title="Bi-directional">Bi</abbr> || {{nts|100}} || {{nts|130}} || 6 x 95 kW || align=center |<ref name="Metro Transport Sydney"/><ref name="Stadler Rail 199"/> |- | Ludwigshafen Tramway || Verkehrsbetriebe Ludwigshafen am Rhein || {{nts|8}} || 2003 || {{convert|30.5|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| <abbr title="Uni-directional">Uni</abbr> || {{nts|88}} || {{nts|90}} || 4 x 95 kW || align=center |<ref name=varioreflist /> |- | Bochum–Gelsenkirchen Tramway || Bochum-Gelsenkirchener Straßenbahnen || {{nts|30}} || 2007-11 || {{convert|29.6|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="3" | {{convert|2.3|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || <abbr title="Bi-directional">Bi</abbr> || {{nts|68}} || {{nts|120}} || rowspan="7" | 8 x 45 kW || align=center |<ref name=Bochum>{{cite web|url=http://www.bogestra.de/cipp/bogestra_online/lib/pub/object/downloadfile,lang,1/oid,1106/ticket,g_u_e_s_t/~/Datenblatt_Vario.pdf |title=Niederflur Straßenbahn Typ Variobahn |author=Stadler Rail |author-link=Stadler Rail |language=de |access-date=3 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613020128/http://bogestra.de/cipp/bogestra_online/lib/pub/object/downloadfile,lang,1/oid,1106/ticket,g_u_e_s_t/~/Datenblatt_Vario.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2010 }}</ref> |- | Nuremberg Tramway || Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg || {{nts|8}} || 2007 || rowspan="2" | {{convert|33.8|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="10" | {{Track gauge|sg}} || rowspan="2" | <abbr title="Uni-directional">Uni</abbr> || rowspan="2" | {{nts|87}} || rowspan="2" | {{nts|147}} || align="center" |<ref name=varioreflist /> |- | Munich tramway || Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft || {{nts|14}} || 2008-11 || align="center" |<ref name="oekonews.at"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stadlerrail.com/images/content/datenblaetter/05_variobahn/SWM_D.pdf |title=Niederflurstraßenbahn Typ Variobahn für die Stadtwerke München GmbH (SWM) |author=Stadler Rail |author-link=Stadler Rail |language=de |access-date=3 April 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Bergen Light Rail || Hordaland County Municipality || {{nts|28}} || 2009-17 || rowspan="2" | {{convert|42.2|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="2" | {{convert|2.65|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || rowspan="2" | <abbr title="Bi-directional">Bi</abbr> || rowspan="2" | {{nts|98}} || rowspan="2" | {{nts|182}} || align="center" |<ref name=schmincke /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadlerrail.com/media/pdf/vbyb0812e.pdf |title=Low-floor light rail vehicle, type Variobahn for Bybanen, Norway |author=Stadler Rail |author-link=Stadler Rail |access-date=3 April 2009}}</ref> |- | Vestland County Municipality || {{nts|6}} || 2022 || align="center" |<ref name=schmincke /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadlerrail.com/media/pdf/vbyb0812e.pdf |title=Low-floor light rail vehicle, type Variobahn for Bybanen, Norway |author=Stadler Rail |author-link=Stadler Rail |access-date=3 April 2009}}</ref> |- | Graz Tramway || Graz AG Verkehrsbetriebe || {{nts|45}} || 2009– || {{convert|27.0|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="2" | {{convert|2.3|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || rowspan="2" | <abbr title="Uni-directional">Uni</abbr> || {{nts|38}} || {{nts|113}} || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stadlerrail.com/images/content/datenblaetter/05_variobahn/Graz_E.pdf |title=Low-floor tramway, type Variobahn for the Graz AG, Austria |author=Stadler Rail |author-link=Stadler Rail |language=de |access-date=6 August 2020}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> |- | Potsdam Tramway || Verkehrsbetrieb Potsdam || {{nts|18}} || 2010– || {{convert|32.2|m|abbr=on|ftin}}|| {{nts|57}} || {{nts|118}} || align="center" |<ref name=potsdam /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pnn.de/potsdam/153093/ |title=Potsdam bestellt 19 Straßenbahnen bei Stadler |work=Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten |access-date=3 April 2009 |language=de }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stadlerrail.com/en/references/variobahn-potsdam/ |title=Variobahn Potsdam |work=Stadler GmbH |access-date=20 March 2012 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321183343/http://www.stadlerrail.com/en/references/variobahn-potsdam/ |archive-date=21 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan=2 | London Trams || rowspan=2 | Transport for London || {{nts|6}} || 2011–12 || rowspan=2 | {{convert|32|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| rowspan="4" |{{convert|2.65|m|frac=8|abbr=on}} || rowspan="4" | <abbr title="Bi-directional">Bi</abbr> || rowspan=2 | 72 || rowspan=2 |134 || rowspan=2 | || align=center rowspan=2 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/stadler-wins-london-tramlink-tram-order.html |title=Stadler wins London Tramlink tram order |publisher=Railway Gazette International |access-date=18 August 2011 |archive-date=17 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917051215/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/stadler-wins-london-tramlink-tram-order.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{nts|6}} || 2014–16 |- | Aarhus Letbane || Aarhus Letbane || {{nts|14}} || 2016–17 || {{convert|32.56|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| 84 || 132 || 8 x 45 kW || align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.letbanen.dk/nyheder/2014/17-togleverandoer/ |title=Aarhus køber samme letbanetog som Bergen |publisher=Aarhus Letbane |language=da |access-date=17 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.letbanen.dk/nyheder/2014/kontrakt-underskrives/ |title=German-Italian consortium signs contract for the first LRT-system in Denmark |publisher=Aarhus Letbane |language=da, en |access-date=17 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wwwstadlerrailcom-live-01e96f7.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/filer_public/1a/c5/1ac512f8-6aee-4498-87dc-e68f48be91bd/vlet0515e.pdf |title=Variobahn low-floor Light Rail Vehicle – Letbanen I/S in the city of Aarhus, Denmark |publisher=Stadler |language=en |access-date=9 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109223651/https://wwwstadlerrailcom-live-01e96f7.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/filer_public/1a/c5/1ac512f8-6aee-4498-87dc-e68f48be91bd/vlet0515e.pdf |archive-date=9 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | Odense Letbane || Odense Letbane || {{nts|16}} || 2020–21 || {{convert|32|m|abbr=on|ftin|frac=8}}|| 70 || 130 || || align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadlerrail.com/fr/medias/article/stadler-secures-contract-denmark-odense-letbane-orders-16-trams/71/ |title=STADLER SECURES CONTRACT IN DENMARK - ODENSE LETBANE ORDERS 16 TRAMS |publisher=Stadler |language=en |access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.odenseletbane.dk/praktisk-information/rejsen-med-letbanen |title=The journey with the light rail |publisher=Odense Letbane |language=da |access-date=18 January 2023}}</ref> |}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category-inline|Variobahn}}
{{UK light rail vehicles}}
Category:ABB multiple units Category:Adtranz multiple units Var Category:Stadler Rail multiple units Category:Tram vehicles of Australia Category:Tram vehicles of Austria Category:Tram vehicles of Finland Category:Tram vehicles of Germany Category:Tram vehicles of Norway Category:Gearless electric drive Category:Articulated vehicles Category:Train-related introductions in 1993