Vandeae

{{Short description|Tribe of orchids}} {{Automatic taxobox |fossil_range = {{Fossil range |25.31 |0}}<small>Late [[Oligocene]] – Recent<ref name="Kim et al">{{cite journal |year= 2020|title= Plastome evolution and phylogeny of subtribe Aeridinae (Vandeae, Orchidaceae)|journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume= 144|article-number= 106721|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106721|pmid= 31870921|bibcode= 2020MolPE.14406721K|doi-access= free|last1= Kim|first1= Young-Kee|last2= Jo|first2= Sangjin|last3= Cheon|first3= Se-Hwan|last4= Kwak|first4= Myounghai|last5= Kim|first5= Young-Dong|last6= Kim|first6= Ki-Joong}}</ref></small> | image = {{Multiple image |perrow = 2 |total_width = 270 |image1 = Bromheadia_brevifolia_flower.jpg |caption1 = ''[[Bromheadia brevifolia]]'' (Adrorhizinae) |image2 = Cyrtorchis arcuata Orchi 002.jpg |caption2 = ''[[Cyrtorchis arcuata]]'' (Angraecinae) |image3 = Trichoglottis atropurpurea Orchi 2012-09-21 124.jpg |caption3 = ''[[Trichoglottis atropurpurea]]'' (Aeridinae) |image4 = Polystachya aconitiflora (inside of the lip) (26256577809).jpg |caption4 = ''[[Polystachya aconitiflora]]'' (Polystachyinae) |border = infobox |footer = Diversity of Vandeae }} | taxon = Vandeae | authority = | subdivision_ranks = Subtribes | subdivision = *[[Adrorhizinae]] *[[Angraecinae]] *[[Aeridinae]] *[[Polystachyinae]] | synonyms = *Polystachyeae Pfitzer (1887) *Sarcantheae Pfitzer (1887) *Polyrrhizeae Small (1933) *Adrorhizeae (Schltr.) Szlach. (1995) | synonyms_ref = <ref name = "Pridgeon et al., 2014">{{cite book |editor-last1=Pridgeon |editor-first1=Alec M. |editor-last2=Cribb |editor-first2=Phillip |editor-last3=Chase |editor-first3=Mark W. |editor-last4=Rasmussen |editor-first4=Finn N. |year=2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9HQAgAAQBAJ&dq=Phalaenopsidinae%20Szlach.&pg=PA101|title=Genera Orchidacearum: Epidendroideae |volume=6 pt 3| page= 101|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-964651-7 }}</ref> |type_genus = ''Vanda'' R.Br.<ref name = "Tropicos">Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-g). Vandeae Lindl. Tropicos. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50169895</ref> }}

The '''Vandeae''' is a large [[monophyly|monophyletic]] [[Tribe (biology)|tribe]] within the family of [[orchids]].

==Scope== [[File:Aeranthes peyrotii Bosser in Adansonia- n.s.- 11- 89 (1971) 20241012 004337.jpg|thumb|''[[Aeranthes peyrotii]]'']] [[File:Sarcochilus ceciliae toapel.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Sarcochilus ceciliae]]'']] This tribe contains 1,700 - 2,000 species in more than 150 genera.<ref name="Chase">{{cite book |last1=Chase |first1=Mark |last2=Cameron |first2=Kenneth M. |last3=Barrett |first3=Russell L. |last4=Freudenstein |first4=John V. |year=2003 |chapter=DNA data and Orchidaceae systematics: a new phylogenetic classification |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234814296 |editor1-last=Dixon |editor1-first=K.W. |editor2-last=Kell |editor2-first=S.P. |editor3-last=Barrett |editor3-first=R.L. |editor4-last=Cribb |editor4-first=P.J. |title=Orchid Conservation |pages=69–89 |publisher=Natural History Publications }}</ref>

==Epiphytic== These orchids are pantropical [[epiphyte]]s and occur in tropical Asia, the Pacific Islands, Australia and Africa. Many of these orchids are [[horticulture|horticulturally]] important, especially ''[[Vanda]]'' and ''[[Phalaenopsis]]''.

==Subtribes== This tribe is subdivided into four subtribes:<ref name="Simo-Droissart et al., 2018">{{cite journal | last1=Simo-Droissart | first1=Murielle | last2=Plunkett | first2=Gregory M. | last3=Droissart | first3=Vincent | last4=Edwards | first4=Molly B. | last5=Farminhão | first5=João N.M. | last6=Ječmenica | first6=Vladimir | last7=D'haijère | first7=Tania | last8=Lowry | first8=Porter P. | last9=Sonké | first9=Bonaventure | last10=Micheneau | first10=Claire | last11=Carlsward | first11=Barbara S. | last12=Azandi | first12=Laura | last13=Verlynde | first13=Simon | last14=Hardy | first14=Olivier J. | last15=Martos | first15=Florent | last16=Bytebier | first16=Benny | last17=Fischer | first17=Eberhard | last18=Stévart | first18=Tariq | title=New phylogenetic insights toward developing a natural generic classification of African angraecoid orchids (Vandeae, Orchidaceae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=126 | year=2018 | issn=1055-7903 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.021 | doi-access=free | pages=241–249 | pmid=29673694 | bibcode=2018MolPE.126..241S }}</ref> *Subtribe [[Adrorhizinae]] *Subtribe [[Aeridinae]] (formerly, illegitimate subtribal name Sarcanthinae): largest subtribe with more than 1,000 species in 103 genera, including about 200 hybrid species; occurs mostly in Asia and Australia and with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes by having an entire [[rostellum]], a relatively small [[Spur (biology)|spur]] formed by the lip, and four (or two) [[pollinium|pollinia]]. *Subtribe [[Angraecinae]] Summerh.: about 400 species in 19 genera. They occur in tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene and Comoros Islands and two genera in tropical America.  They are distinguished from the other subtribes by having an apron-like rostellum, an elongate spur, and two pollinia. *Subtribe [[Polystachyinae]] (formerly part of the Epidendreae) : about 220 species in two genera : ''[[Hederorkis]]'' and ''[[Polystachya]]''. They all show four pollinia. The lip often has mealy hairs called pseudopollen on the upper surface.

The following phylogenetic tree shows the relationships among the subtribes:<ref>{{cite journal |year=2015|url= https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/115/4/665/17847871/mcu253.pdf|title=Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification|journal=Annals of Botany|volume= 115|issue=4|pages=665–681 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcu253 |pmid=25578379 |pmc=4343289 |last1= Freudenstein|first1= John V.|last2= Chase|first2= Mark W.}}</ref> {{clade |label1=Vandeae s.l. |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Aeridinae |2=Angraecinae (including Aerangidinae)}} |2=Adrorhizinae}} |2=Polystachyinae}} }}

The subtribe [[Aerangidinae]] Summerh. is increasingly included within Angraecinae. The subtribe Angraecinae is a well supported, monophyletic group under the inclusion of Aerangidinae. Separating these groups would make them polyphyletic.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2013 |url=https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/702460.pdf |title=Reclassification of the Angraecum-alliance (Orchidaceae, Vandoideae) based on molecular and morphological data |journal=Biodiversity Research and Conservation |volume=29 |page=1 |doi=10.2478/biorc-2013-0004 |last1=Szlachetko |first1=Dariusz L. |last2=Tukałło |first2=Piotr |last3=Mytnik-Ejsmont |first3=Joanna |last4=Grochocka |first4=Elżbieta |archive-date=2024-06-21 |access-date=2022-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621011151/https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/702460.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |year= 2006|url=https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3732/ajb.93.5.770|title= Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume= 93|issue =5|pages= 770–786|doi= 10.3732/ajb.93.5.770|pmid= 21642140 |last1=Carlsward |first1=Barbara S. |last2=Whitten |first2=W. Mark |last3=Williams |first3=Norris H. |last4=Bytebier |first4=Benny |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The divergence time of Vandeae has been estimated to be 25.31 Mya.<ref name = "Kim et al" />

== Gallery == {{Gallery |width=140 |height=140 |File:Polystachya virginea (6301164057).jpg |''[[Polystachya virginea]]'' Summerh., a member of the subtribe Polystachyinae |File:Bromheadia brevifolia flower.jpg |''[[Bromheadia brevifolia]]'' Ridl., a member of the subtribe Adrorhizinae |File:Thrixspermum calceolus from Pha Ngan Island.jpg |''[[Thrixspermum calceolus]]'' (Lindl.) Rchb.f., a member of the subtribe Aeridinae |File:Angraecum magdalenae Orchi 037.jpg |''[[Angraecum magdalenae]]'' Schltr. & H.Perrier, a member of the subtribe Angraecinae }}

==See also== *[[Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae#Tribe Vandeae|Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae]]

==References== {{Commons category}} {{Reflist}} *{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/2656938 |issue=2 |journal=American Journal of Botany |title=A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Orchidaceae: Evidence from rbcL Nucleotide Sequences |volume=86 |year=1999|jstor=2656938 |last1=Cameron |first1=Kenneth M. |last2=Chase |first2=Mark W. |last3=Whitten |first3=W. Mark |last4=Kores |first4=Paul J. |last5=Jarrell |first5=David C. |last6=Albert |first6=Victor A. |last7=Yukawa |first7=Tomohisa |last8=Hills |first8=Harold G. |last9=Goldman |first9=Douglas H. |pages=208–224 |bibcode=1999AmJB...86..208C }} *{{cite journal | title=Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness| journal=American Journal of Botany| year=2006| volume=93| pages=770–786| doi=10.3732/ajb.93.5.770| issue=5| pmid=21642140| doi-access=free| last1=Carlsward| first1=Barbara S.| last2=Whitten| first2=W. Mark| last3=Williams| first3=Norris H.| last4=Bytebier| first4=Benny}}

[[Category:Vandeae| ]] [[Category:Epidendroideae tribes]]