Naturally occurring vanadium (23V) is composed of one stable isotope, 51V, and one radioactive isotope, 50V, with a half-life of 2.71×1017 years. Twenty-five artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, ranging from 43V to 68V. The most stable of these are 49V with a half-life of 330 days and 48V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, with the majority of them below 10 seconds. Seven metastable excited states have also been observed, two of which are for 60V.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope 51V is electron capture or positron emission resulting in titanium isotopes; that after the beta decay to chromium isotopes.

List of isotopes

|-id=Vanadium-43 | rowspan=2|43V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 20 | rowspan=2|42.980766(46) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1987 | rowspan=2|79.3(24) ms | β+ (>97.5%) | 43Ti | rowspan=2|7/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, p (<2.5%) | 42Sc |-id=Vanadium-44 | rowspan=2|44V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 21 | rowspan=2|43.9744410(78) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1971 | rowspan=2|111(7) ms | β+ | 44Ti | rowspan=2|(2)+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, α (?%) | 40Ca |-id=Vanadium-44m | style="text-indent:1em" | 44mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 271(9) keV | style="text-align:center" | 1994 | 150(3) ms | β+ | 44Ti | (6)+ | | |-id=Vanadium-45 | 45V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 22 | 44.96576850(93) | style="text-align:center" | 1974 | 547(6) ms | β+ | 45Ti | 7/2− | | |-id=Vanadium-45m | style="text-indent:1em" | 45mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 56.8(6) keV | style="text-align:center" | 1980 | 512(13) ns | IT | 45V | (3/2−) | | |-id=Vanadium-46 | 46V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 23 | 45.96019739(14) | style="text-align:center" | 1952 | 422.62(5) ms | β+ | 46Ti | 0+ | | |-id=Vanadium-46m | style="text-indent:1em" | 46mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 801.46(10) keV | style="text-align:center" | 1962 | 1.02(7) ms | IT | 46V | 3+ | | |-id=Vanadium-47 | 47V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 24 | 46.95490356(12) | style="text-align:center" | 1942 | 32.6(3) min | β+ | 47Ti | 3/2− | | |-id=Vanadium-48 | 48V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 25 | 47.9522509(10) | style="text-align:center" | 1937 | 15.9735(25) d | β+ | 48Ti | 4+ | | |-id=Vanadium-49 | 49V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 26 | 48.94851051(88) | style="text-align:center" | 1940 | 330(15) d | EC | 49Ti | 7/2− | | |-id=Vanadium-50 | 50V[n 1] | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 27 | 49.947156681(99) | style="text-align:center" | 1949 | 2.71(13)×1017 y | β+[n 2] | 50Ti | 6+ | 0.00250(10) | |-id=Vanadium-51 | 51V[n 3] | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 28 | 50.94395766(10) | style="text-align:center" | 1923 | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 7/2− | 0.99750(10) | |-id=Vanadium-52 | 52V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 29 | 51.94477364(17) | style="text-align:center" | 1934 | 3.743(5) min | β− | 52Cr | 3+ | | |-id=Vanadium-53 | 53V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 30 | 52.9443349(33) | style="text-align:center" | 1960 | 1.543(14) min | β− | 53Cr | 7/2− | | |-id=Vanadium-54 | 54V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 31 | 53.946432(12) | style="text-align:center" | 1970 | 49.8(5) s | β− | 54Cr | 3+ | | |-id=Vanadium-54m | style="text-indent:1em" | 54mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 108.0(10) keV | style="text-align:center" | 1998 | 900(500) ns | IT | 54V | (5)+ | | |-id=Vanadium-55 | 55V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 32 | 54.947262(29) | style="text-align:center" | 1977 | 6.54(15) s | β− | 55Cr | 7/2−# | | |-id=Vanadium-56 | 56V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 33 | 55.95042(19) | style="text-align:center" | 1980 | 216(4) ms | β− | 56Cr | (1+) | | |-id=Vanadium-57 | 57V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 34 | 56.952297(91) | style="text-align:center" | 1980 | 350(10) ms | β− | 57Cr | (7/2−) | | |-id=Vanadium-58 | 58V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 35 | 57.95660(10) | style="text-align:center" | 1980 | 191(10) ms | β− | 58Cr | (1+) | | |-id=Vanadium-59 | rowspan=2|59V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 36 | rowspan=2|58.95962(15) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1985 | rowspan=2|95(6) ms | β− (<97%) | 59Cr | rowspan=2|(5/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (>3%) | 58Cr |-id=Vanadium-60 | 60V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 37 | 59.96448(20) | style="text-align:center" | 1985 | 122(18) ms | β− (>99.9%) | 60Cr | 3+# | | |-id=Vanadium-60m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 60m1V[n 4] | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(150)# keV | style="text-align:center" | 2003 | 40(15) ms | β− | 60Cr | 1+# | | |-id=Vanadium-60m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 60m2V | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 203.7(7) keV | style="text-align:center" | 2010 | 230(24) ns | IT | 60V | (4+) | | |-id=Vanadium-61 | rowspan=2|61V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 38 | rowspan=2|60.96760(25) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1992 | rowspan=2|48.2(6) ms | β− (85.5%) | 61Cr | rowspan=2|(3/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (14.5%) | 60Cr |-id=Vanadium-62 | 62V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 39 | 61.97293(28) | style="text-align:center" | 1997 | 33.6(23) ms | β− | 62Cr | 3+# | | |-id=Vanadium-63 | rowspan=2|63V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=2|62.97666(37) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1997 | rowspan=2|19.6(9) ms | β− (<65%) | 63Cr | rowspan=2|(3/2−,5/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (>35%) | 62Cr |-id=Vanadium-64 | 64V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 41 | 63.98248(43)# | style="text-align:center" | 1997 | 15(2) ms | β− | 64Cr | (1,2) | | |-id=Vanadium-64m | style="text-indent:1em" | 64mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 81.0(7) keV | style="text-align:center" | 2014 | <1 μs | IT | 64V | | | |-id=Vanadium-65 | 65V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 42 | 64.98700(54)# | style="text-align:center" | 2009 | 14# ms
[>620 ns] | | | 5/2−# | | |-id=Vanadium-66 | 66V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 43 | 65.99324(54)# | style="text-align:center" | 2009 | 10# ms
[>620 ns] | | | | | |-id=Vanadium-67 | 67V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 44 | 66.99813(64)# | style="text-align:center" | 2013 | 8# ms
[>620 ns] | | | 5/2−# | | |-id=Vanadium-68 | 68V[1] | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 45 | | style="text-align:center" | 2025 | | | | |

See also

Daughter products other than vanadium

References

  1. ^ Tarasov, O. B.; Sherrill, B. M.; Dombos, A. C.; Fukushima, K.; Gade, A.; Haak, K.; Hausmann, M.; Kahl, D.; Kaloyanov, D.; Kwan, E.; Matthews, H. K.; Ostroumov, P. N.; Portillo, M.; Richardson, I.; Smith, M. K.; Watters, S. (4 September 2025). "Discovery of new isotopes in the fragmentation of Se 82 and insights into their production". Physical Review C. 112 (3). doi:10.1103/573p-7fjp
  1. ^ Primordial radionuclide
  2. ^ Theoretically capable of β− decay to 50Cr; the most recent measurement suggests a branching ratio of 0.7%.[2]
  3. ^ See also Vanadium-51 nuclear magnetic resonance
  4. ^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.