Isotopes of vanadium

{{Short description|none}} {{Infobox vanadium isotopes}} Naturally occurring vanadium (₂₃V) is composed of one stable isotope, ⁵¹V, and one radioactive isotope, ⁵⁰V, with a half-life of {{val|2.71|e=17}} years. Twenty-five artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, ranging from ⁴³V to ⁶⁸V. The most stable of these are ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, with the majority of them below 10 seconds. Seven metastable excited states have also been observed, two of which are for ⁶⁰V.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture or positron emission resulting in titanium isotopes; that after the beta decay to chromium isotopes.

== List of isotopes == {{Anchor|Vanadium-39|Vanadium-40|Vanadium-41|Vanadium-42|Vanadium-44m1|Vanadium-44m2}}

<!--Please delete anchor(s) from the list above or table below if adding a dedicated isotope section(s).-->

{{Isotopes table |symbol=V |refs=NUBASE2020, AME2020 II,<!-- updated 2024-10-19 --> IsotopeFRIB, IsomerFRIB |notes=m, unc(), mass#, exen#, hl#, hl-nst, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, p, IT, EC, discoveryname }} |-id=Vanadium-43 | rowspan=2|⁴³V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 20 | rowspan=2|42.980766(46) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/43.pdf 1987] | rowspan=2|79.3(24)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ (>97.5%) | ⁴³Ti | rowspan=2|7/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (<2.5%) | ⁴²Sc |-id=Vanadium-44 | rowspan=2|⁴⁴V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 21 | rowspan=2|43.9744410(78) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/44.pdf 1971] | rowspan=2|111(7)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ | ⁴⁴Ti | rowspan=2|(2)+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, α (?%) | '''⁴⁰Ca''' |-id=Vanadium-44m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^44mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 271(9)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/23/44V-1.pdf 1994] | 150(3)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ | ⁴⁴Ti | (6)+ | | |-id=Vanadium-45 | ⁴⁵V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 22 | 44.96576850(93) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/45.pdf 1974] | 547(6)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ | ⁴⁵Ti | 7/2− | | |-id=Vanadium-45m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^45mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 56.8(6)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/23/45V-1.pdf 1980] | 512(13)&nbsp;ns | IT | ⁴⁵V | (3/2−) | | |-id=Vanadium-46 | ⁴⁶V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 23 | 45.96019739(14) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/46.pdf 1952] | 422.62(5)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ | '''⁴⁶Ti''' | 0+ | | |-id=Vanadium-46m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^46mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 801.46(10)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/23/46V-1.pdf 1962] | 1.02(7)&nbsp;ms | IT | ⁴⁶V | 3+ | | |-id=Vanadium-47 | ⁴⁷V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 24 | 46.95490356(12) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/47.pdf 1942] | 32.6(3)&nbsp;min | β⁺ | '''⁴⁷Ti''' | 3/2− | | |-id=Vanadium-48 | ⁴⁸V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 25 | 47.9522509(10) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/48.pdf 1937] | 15.9735(25)&nbsp;d | β⁺ | '''⁴⁸Ti''' | 4+ | | |-id=Vanadium-49 | ⁴⁹V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 26 | 48.94851051(88) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/49.pdf 1940] | 330(15)&nbsp;d | EC | '''⁴⁹Ti''' | 7/2− | | |-id=Vanadium-50 | ⁵⁰V<ref group="n">Primordial radionuclide</ref> | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 27 | 49.947156681(99) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/50.pdf 1949] | '''2.71(13)×10¹⁷&nbsp;y''' | β⁺{{refn|group=n|Theoretically capable of β⁻ decay to ⁵⁰Cr; the most recent measurement suggests a branching ratio of 0.7%.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Laubenstein |first1=M. |last2=Lehnert |first2=B. |last3=Nagorny |first3=S. S. |last4=Nisi |first4=S. |last5=Zuber |first5=K. |title=New investigation of half-lives for the decay modes of ⁵⁰V |journal=Physical Review C |date=5 April 2019 |volume=99 |issue=4 |article-number=045501 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.99.045501 |arxiv=1812.04745 |bibcode=2019PhRvC..99d5501L }}</ref>}} | '''⁵⁰Ti''' | 6+ | 0.00250(10) | |-id=Vanadium-51 | ⁵¹V<ref group="n">See also Vanadium-51 nuclear magnetic resonance</ref> | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 28 | 50.94395766(10) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/51.pdf 1923] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 7/2− | 0.99750(10) | |-id=Vanadium-52 | ⁵²V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 29 | 51.94477364(17) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/52.pdf 1934] | 3.743(5)&nbsp;min | β⁻ | '''⁵²Cr''' | 3+ | | |-id=Vanadium-53 | ⁵³V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 30 | 52.9443349(33) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/53.pdf 1960] | 1.543(14)&nbsp;min | β⁻ | '''⁵³Cr''' | 7/2− | | |-id=Vanadium-54 | ⁵⁴V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 31 | 53.946432(12) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/54.pdf 1970] | 49.8(5)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | '''⁵⁴Cr''' | 3+ | | |-id=Vanadium-54m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^54mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 108.0(10)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/23/54V-1.pdf 1998] | 900(500)&nbsp;ns | IT | ⁵⁴V | (5)+ | | |-id=Vanadium-55 | ⁵⁵V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 32 | 54.947262(29) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/55.pdf 1977] | 6.54(15)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ⁵⁵Cr | 7/2−# | | |-id=Vanadium-56 | ⁵⁶V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 33 | 55.95042(19) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/56.pdf 1980] | 216(4)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ⁵⁶Cr | (1+) | | |-id=Vanadium-57 | ⁵⁷V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 34 | 56.952297(91) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/57.pdf 1980] | 350(10)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ⁵⁷Cr | (7/2−) | | |-id=Vanadium-58 | ⁵⁸V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 35 | 57.95660(10) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/58.pdf 1980] | 191(10)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ⁵⁸Cr | (1+) | | |-id=Vanadium-59 | rowspan=2|⁵⁹V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 36 | rowspan=2|58.95962(15) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/59.pdf 1985] | rowspan=2|95(6)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (<97%) | ⁵⁹Cr | rowspan=2|(5/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (>3%) | ⁵⁸Cr |-id=Vanadium-60 | ⁶⁰V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 37 | 59.96448(20) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/60.pdf 1985] | 122(18)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (>99.9%) | ⁶⁰Cr | 3+# | | |-id=Vanadium-60m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^60m1V<ref group="n" name="order">Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.</ref> | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(150)#&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/23/60V-1.pdf 2003] | 40(15)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ⁶⁰Cr | 1+# | | |-id=Vanadium-60m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^60m2V | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 203.7(7)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/23/60V-2.pdf 2010] | 230(24)&nbsp;ns | IT | ⁶⁰V | (4+) | | |-id=Vanadium-61 | rowspan=2|⁶¹V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 38 | rowspan=2|60.96760(25) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/61.pdf 1992] | rowspan=2|48.2(6)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (85.5%) | ⁶¹Cr | rowspan=2|(3/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (14.5%) | ⁶⁰Cr |-id=Vanadium-62 | ⁶²V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 39 | 61.97293(28) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/62.pdf 1997] | 33.6(23)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ⁶²Cr | 3+# | | |-id=Vanadium-63 | rowspan=2|⁶³V | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=2|62.97666(37) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/63.pdf 1997] | rowspan=2|19.6(9)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (<65%) | ⁶³Cr | rowspan=2|(3/2−,5/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (>35%) | ⁶²Cr |-id=Vanadium-64 | ⁶⁴V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 41 | 63.98248(43)# | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/64.pdf 1997] | 15(2)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ | ⁶⁴Cr | (1,2) | | |-id=Vanadium-64m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^64mV | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 81.0(7)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/23/64V-1.pdf 2014] | <1&nbsp;μs | IT | ⁶⁴V | | | |-id=Vanadium-65 | ⁶⁵V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 42 | 64.98700(54)# | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/65.pdf 2009] | 14#&nbsp;ms<br />[>620&nbsp;ns] | | | 5/2−# | | |-id=Vanadium-66 | ⁶⁶V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 43 | 65.99324(54)# | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/66.pdf 2009] | 10#&nbsp;ms<br />[>620&nbsp;ns] | | | | | |-id=Vanadium-67 | ⁶⁷V | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 44 | 66.99813(64)# | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/67.pdf 2013] | 8#&nbsp;ms<br />[>620&nbsp;ns] | | | 5/2−# | | |-id=Vanadium-68 | ⁶⁸V<ref name="tarasov2025">{{cite journal |last1=Tarasov |first1=O. B. |last2=Sherrill |first2=B. M. |last3=Dombos |first3=A. C. |last4=Fukushima |first4=K. |last5=Gade |first5=A. |last6=Haak |first6=K. |last7=Hausmann |first7=M. |last8=Kahl |first8=D. |last9=Kaloyanov |first9=D. |last10=Kwan |first10=E. |last11=Matthews |first11=H. K. |last12=Ostroumov |first12=P. N. |last13=Portillo |first13=M. |last14=Richardson |first14=I. |last15=Smith |first15=M. K. |last16=Watters |first16=S. |title=Discovery of new isotopes in the fragmentation of Se 82 and insights into their production |journal=Physical Review C |date=4 September 2025 |volume=112 |issue=3 |article-number=034604 |doi=10.1103/573p-7fjp}}</ref> | style="text-align:right" | 23 | style="text-align:right" | 45 | | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/23/68.pdf 2025] | | | | | {{Isotopes table/footer}}

== See also == '''Daughter products other than vanadium''' * Isotopes of chromium * Isotopes of titanium * Isotopes of scandium * Isotopes of calcium

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* History of discovery: [https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.1994 Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes.], A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen (2009).

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Category:Isotopes of vanadium Category:Vanadium Vanadium