{{Short description|Criteria defining heritage significance}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} [[File:Lenin-statue-in-Berlin.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Changing values saw the demolition and burial of this monument in 1991; in 2010 it was announced that the head was to be excavated and placed in a museum for disgraced statues<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,674218,00.html |title='Hello Lenin': Berlin to Resurrect its Disgraced Monuments |author=Crossland, David |work=Der Spiegel |date=26 January 2010 |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-date=11 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311205903/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,674218,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
The '''values''' embodied in cultural heritage<ref>{{cite journal|first=Ann Marie |last=Sullivan |title=Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past |volume=15 |issue=604 |journal=John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law |year=2016 |url-status=dead |url=https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=ripl |archive-date=2022-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119040914/https://repository.law.uic.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=ripl}}</ref> are identified in order to assess significance, prioritize resources, and inform conservative-restorative decision-making. It is recognised that values may compete and change over time, and that heritage may have different meanings for different stakeholders.
==Origins== Alois Riegl is credited with developing Ruskin's concept of 'voicefulness' into a systematic categorization of the different values of a monument. In his 1908 essay ''Der moderne Denkmalkultus'' (The modern cult of monuments), he describes historical value, artistic value, age value, commemorative value, use value, and newness value. Riegl demonstrates that some of these values conflict and argues that they may be culturally contingent.<ref>{{cite book |title=Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage |last1=Stanley |first1=Nicholas P. |first2=Mansfield K. |last2=Talley |first3=Alessandra M. |last3=Vaccaro |date=26 September 1996 |publisher=Getty Conservation Institute |pages=18–21, 69–83 |isbn=9780892362509 |oclc=33441881}}</ref>
==Charters and Conventions== The UNESCO World Heritage Convention addresses cultural sites of outstanding universal value, from a historical, aesthetic, scientific, ethnological or anthropological perspective, and highlights the need for authenticity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/opguide08-en.pdf |title=Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention |pages=13, 94) |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901050358/https://whc.unesco.org/archive/opguide08-en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Discussed in the 1964 Venice Charter, values and the question 'why conserve?' are the focus of the 1979 Burra Charter (last revised 1999). Cultural significance is said to be 'embodied' in the fabric, setting, use, associations, and meanings of a place, and includes aesthetic, historic, scientific, social and spiritual values for past, present and future generations. In order to preserve such values a 'cautious approach' of minimum intervention is advocated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://australia.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/BURRA_CHARTER.pdf |title=Burra Charter (''vid.'' Preamble, Articles 1, 3, Guidelines) |publisher=Australia ICOMOS |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-date=15 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115053741/http://australia.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/BURRA_CHARTER.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/china_prin_2english.pdf |title=Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China |page=55 |publisher=China ICOMOS/Getty Conservation Institute |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607114454/http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/china_prin_2english.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Managing Built Heritage: The Role of Cultural Significance |last1=Worthing |first1=Derek |last2=Bond |first2=Stephen |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |pages=94ff |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4051-1978-8}}</ref>
==Practice== Significance assessment typically includes consideration of the rarity, representativeness, and communicative power of assets and their values. These are then managed in order to sustain and valorize that significance.<ref>{{cite book |author2=Dondolo, Luvuyo |author3=Mirubata, Mbulelo |author4=Prosalendis, Sandra |url=https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/databases/creative_heritage/docs/subtle_power.pdf|title=The Subtle Power of Intangible Heritage: Legal and Financial Instruments for Safeguarding Intangible Heritage |pages=36f |author=Deacon, Harriet |publisher=HSRC Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7969-2074-4 |access-date=16 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012222850/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/folklore/creative_heritage/docs/subtle_power.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/content/publications/docs/conservationprinciplespoliciesandguidanceapril08web.pdf |title=Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment |pages=21ff |publisher=English Heritage |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-date=10 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610111356/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/content/publications/docs/conservationprinciplespoliciesandguidanceapril08web.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Engagement with the economic value of heritage may help promote its preservation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/econrpt.pdf |title=Economics and Heritage Conservation |page=54 |publisher=Getty Conservation Institute |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-date=25 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125224206/http://getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/econrpt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Development of new representation technologies such as Digital Twin has potential to help the community perceive the Values and also help the community engage in the curation and dissemination of the architectural heritage with an increased level of accessibility. <ref name="BST">{{cite journal |doi=10.16995/bst.364 |title=Production of Iranian Architectural Assets for Representation in Museums: Theme of Museum-Based Digital Twin |journal=Body, Space and Technology |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=61–74 |year=2021 |last1=Parsinejad |first1=H. |last2=Choi |first2=I. |last3=Yari |first3=M.|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==See also== *World Heritage Site *Cultural heritage management *Conservation-restoration *Value pluralism *Intrinsic value (ethics) *Collective memory
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * ''Sustainable tourism and social value at World Heritage Sites: Towards a conservation plan for Altamira, Spain'' by Pablo Alonso González, Eva Parga Dans & Raimundo Otero. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160738318301208?via%3Dihub] * ''Sustainable tourism and social value at World Heritage Sites: Towards a conservation plan for Altamira, Spain'' by Pablo Alonso González & Eva Parga Dans. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738318301208?via%3Dihub] * ''The Altamira controversy: Assessing the economic impact of a world heritage site for planning and tourism management'' by Pablo Alonso González & Eva Parga Dans. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1296207417302704?via%3Dihub]
==External links== *[http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/assessing.pdf Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607135611/http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/assessing.pdf |date=7 June 2011 }} (GCI research report) *[http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/valuesrpt.pdf Values and Heritage Conservation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806055901/http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/valuesrpt.pdf |date=6 August 2011 }} (GCI research report; annotated bibliography at pages 73–96)
Category:Cultural heritage Category:Museology Category:Cultural studies Category:Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage