{{short description|19th-century English missionary and Bishop of Lahore}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} {{Use British English|date=June 2013}} {{Infobox Christian leader | honorific-prefix =Rev. | name =Thomas Valpy French | honorific-suffix = | bishop_of =Lahore |image=Thomas Valpy French.jpg | caption = Missionary to India, Pakistan and Persia | province = | diocese = Lahore | see = | enthroned = 1877 | ended = 1887 | predecessor = First | successor = | ordination = | consecration = | other_post = | birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1825|1|1}} | birth_place = Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1891|5|14|1825|1|25}} | death_place = Muscat, Oman | buried = Muscat, Oman | nationality = | religion =Anglican Communion | residence = | parents = Rev. Peter French | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | alma_mater = University College, Oxford | signature = }}
'''Thomas Valpy French''' (1 January 1825 – 14 May 1891) was an English Christian Missionary in India and Persia, who became the first Bishop of Lahore, in 1877, and also founded the St. John's College, Agra, in 1853.<ref name=brit>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9000269/Thomas-Valpy-French Thomas Valpy French] Britannica.com.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stjohnsagra.org/The%20Institute.htm |title=History |publisher=Stjohnsagra.org |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929090253/http://www.stjohnsagra.org/The%20Institute.htm |archive-date=29 September 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Early life and education==
Thomas Valpy French was born on New Year's Day in 1825, in Abbey, Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England, the son of Rev. Peter French and his wife, Penelope Arabella the daughter of the educationalist, Richard Valpy of Reading, Berkshire. Thomas' father was vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Burton upon Trent for forty-seven years, and he grew up in the house, which was once part of the Benedictine Abbey, on the banks of the River Trent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://anglicanhistory.org/india/pk/stock_french/01.html |title=Chapter I. The Man |publisher=Anglicanhistory.org |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref>
French started his schooling at Reading Grammar School, and at age 14, he went to Rugby School. In 1843, he won a scholarship and matriculated at University College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. there in 1846, M.A. in 1849; he was made a Fellow of the college in 1848, and remained there until 1853.<ref name=brit/><ref>{{alox2|title=French, Thomas Valpy}}</ref> It was at Oxford that he first felt called to mission in India.<ref name=CMS/>
==Missionary career== On 16 April 1850 French joined the missionary service of Church Missionary Society, and was sent to Agra, India. He set sail to India on East Indian Queen on 11 September 1850 and reached Calcutta on 2 January 1851.
Soon French headed off to Agra, where he was appointed for educational work. He founded the St. John's College at Agra, which formally opened in 1853, though he had started taking classes in small room with ten boys, while the college building was being built. The college was named as St. John's, after the college of another noted missionary, Henry Martyn (1781–1812) at Cambridge.<ref>St John's College, Cambridge</ref> He also learnt seven languages,<ref name=CMS>{{cite web |url=http://webarchive.cms-uk.org/news/2007/williams-lauds-cms-hero-04052007.htm |title=CMS hero |publisher=Webarchive.cms-uk.org |date=2007-05-04 |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211204855/http://webarchive.cms-uk.org/news/2007/williams-lauds-cms-hero-04052007.htm |archive-date=11 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> including Hindustani, Punjabi, Urdu, Persian, Pashto and Arabic to properly administer the school, as he also became school's first principal, and a post he held until the end of his seven-year stay at Agra.<ref name=CMS/>
1861 saw French moving to the Punjab, where he started a new mission, which was the first in the area, though bad health forced him to leave for England by the end of 1862. He arrived back in Britain on 7 February 1863.<ref>[https://anglicanhistory.org/india/pk/stock_french/03.html Chapter III] His Second Pioneer Work: The Frontier Mission.</ref>
In 1877, on St. Thomas' Day at Westminster Abbey, London, French was appointed the first Anglican Bishop of a large new diocese of Lahore, which included, all of the Punjab and northwestern India, and remained so until 1887,<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A07E2D6173EE73BBC4B52DFB7668383669FDE Churches and Ministers: Home and Foreign Events]New York Times, 13 January 1878.</ref><ref>[https://anglicanhistory.org/india/pk/stock_french/06.html An Heroic Bishop] Chapter VI. His Fourth Pioneer Work: The Lahore Bishopric.</ref> during the time he founded the Lahore Divinity College, which opened on 21 November 1870 and also remained its Principal for many years,<ref>[https://anglicanhistory.org/india/pk/stock_french/05.html Chapter V] His Third Pioneer Work: The Divinity College.</ref><ref name=stock/> he supervised the translation of the Bible and Prayer Book into Hindustani and Pashto,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://morgue.anglicansonline.org/050703/new_this_week.html |title=Church History |publisher=Morgue.anglicansonline.org |access-date=2012-09-24}}</ref> and also made visits to Kashmir and Iran (1883), where he was the first Episcopal bishop to visit the country,<ref>[http://dioceseofiran.org/?page_id=10 History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201063744/http://dioceseofiran.org/?page_id=10 |date=1 December 2012 }} Anglican Diocese of Iran.</ref> before returning to England, due to bad health in 1887.<ref name=CMS/>
French reached Muscat, on his final missionary work, on 8 February 1891 and became the first missionary to visit the region;<ref name=CMS/> he had just started setting up his work there, when his health started failing, and having been cared for by Portuguese Catholics he died on 14 May 1891 in Muscat, Oman and was buried in a Christian cemetery.<ref name=stock>[https://anglicanhistory.org/india/stock_beginnings/11.html Chapter XI. The First Divinity Colleges] Beginnings in India By Eugene Stock, D.C.L. 1912. French himself illustrated throughout his career the importance of Beginnings. He was five times a pioneer. He founded the College at Agra; he started a new Mission on the Afghan Frontier; he established the Divinity College; he was the first Bishop of Lahore; he laid down his life in the attempt to penetrate the closed doors of Arabia. His remains lie under the cliffs of that hitherto almost inaccessible Mohammedan preserve.</ref>
==Family== French married in 1852 Mary Anne Janson, whom he had met at Oxford, and they had eight children.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=10167|first=Jeffrey|last=Cox|title=French, Thomas Valpy (1825–1891)}}</ref> Of those, Ellen Penelope French (1854–1892), went on to marry Edmund Arbuthnott Knox, fourth Bishop of Manchester, (1903–1921).<ref>[https://anglicanhistory.org/india/pk/stock_french/02.html Chapter II] His First Pioneer Work: The Agra College.</ref>
==Legacy== In 2007, Rowan Douglas Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, hailed French as a personal hero.<ref name=CMS/> Williams again wrote of French in his 2016 book ''Being Disciples'', saying of him that although he "seems to have made no converts" during his final years in the Middle East, he was not there primarily to make converts but out of "the desire to be where Jesus was ... to be in the company of Jesus Christ".<ref name="Williams2016">{{cite book |author=Rowan Williams |title=Being Disciples: Essentials of the Christian life (Chapter 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2sDkDAAAQBAJ |date=21 July 2016 |section=Being with Jesus |publisher=SPCK |isbn=978-0-281-07663-5}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{s-rel|en}} {{s-bef|before=None}} {{s-ttl|title=Bishop of Lahore|years=1877–1887}} {{s-aft|after=Henry Matthew}} {{s-end}} {{Anglican bishops of Lahore}}
==Further reading== * [http://library.bahai.org/serv/bw_eng_b.html ''The Life and correspondence of Thomas Valpy French, first bishop of Lahore''] by Herbert Alfred Birks. 2 vols, London, J. Murray, 1895. * [https://anglicanhistory.org/india/pk/stock_french/index.html An Heroic Bishop: The Life-Story of French of Lahore ''An Heroic Bishop: The Life-Story of French of Lahore''], by Eugene Stock. London, New York and Toronto: Hodder and Stoughton, 1913. [http://digilib.bu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2144/1026/anheroicbishopli00stocuoft.txt?sequence=3 Online] * [http://www.mik.org.pk/catalogue/biography.htm Biography ''Thomas Valpy French: First Bishop of Lahore''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528034346/http://www.mik.org.pk/catalogue/biography.htm |date=28 May 2008 }} by Vivienne Stacey, Christian Study Centre, (1982) (English and Urdu).
==External links== * [https://archive.org/details/anheroicbishopli00stocuoft An Heroic Bishop : the life-story of French of Lahore (1913), Online] * [http://digilib.bu.edu/dspace/handle/2144/1025 Thomas Valpy French at Boston University digilibrary]
{{Christianity in Iran}} {{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:French, Thomas Valpy}} Category:1825 births Category:1891 deaths Category:People from Burton upon Trent Category:People educated at Rugby School Category:Alumni of University College, Oxford Category:Fellows of University College, Oxford Category:English Anglican missionaries Category:Anglican missionaries in Pakistan Category:Anglican missionaries in India Category:Anglican missionaries in Iran Category:British missionaries in Iran Category:19th-century Anglican bishops in Asia Category:Anglican bishops of Lahore Category:People educated at Reading School Category:British missionaries in India