{{Short description|Italian Cardinal}} {{for|the anthropologist|Valerio Valeri (anthropologist)}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Cardinal | honorific_prefix = [[His Eminence]] | name = Valerio Valeri | title = [[Congregation for Religious and Secular Institutes|Prefect of the Congregation for Religious]] | church = [[Roman Catholic Church]] | appointed = 17 January 1953 | term_end = 22 July 1963 | predecessor = [[Clemente Micara]] | successor = [[Ildebrando Antoniutti]] | other_post = [[San Silvestro in Capite|Cardinal-Priest of San Silvestro in Capite]] (1953–63) | ordination = 21 December 1907 | consecration = 28 October 1927 | consecrated_by = [[Donato Raffaele Sbarretti Tazza]] | cardinal = 12 January 1953 | created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Pius XII]] | rank = [[Cardinal-Priest]] | birth_name = Valerio Valeri | birth_date = 7 November 1883 | birth_place = [[Santa Fiora]], [[Kingdom of Italy]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1963|07|22|1883|11|07}} | death_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]] | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Apostolic Delegate to Egypt (1927–33)|Apostolic Delegate to Arabia (1927–33)|Apostolic Delegate to Eritrea (1927–33)|Apostolic Delegate to Ethiopia (1927–33)|[[Ephesus|Titular Archbishop of Ephesus]] (1927–53)|[[Holy See - Romania relations|Apostolic Nuncio to Romania]] (1933–36)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to France]] (1936–44)|[[Congregation for the Oriental Churches|Assessor of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches]] (1948–53)}} | alma_mater = [[Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare]] | motto = ''Pax in virtute'' | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Valerio Valeri (cardinal).svg | image = 1927 Monseigneur Valerio Valeri.jpg | caption = 1927 [[Autochrome]] by [[Georges Chevalier (photographer)|Georges Chevalier]] }}
{{Infobox cardinalstyles| image =Coat of arms of Valerio Valeri (cardinal).svg| image_size = 200px| cardinal name=Valerio Valeri| dipstyle=His Eminence| offstyle=Your Eminence| See=none |}}
'''Valerio Valeri''' (7 November 1883 – 22 July 1963) was an Italian [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He served as [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Sacred Congregation for Religious]] in the [[Roman Curia]] from 1953 until his death, and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1953 by [[Pope Pius XII]].
[[Charles de Gaulle|President Charles de Gaulle]] insisted that Valeri be removed as [[Apostolic Nuncio to France]] (1936-1944) for collaborating with the [[Vichy France|Vichy regime]].<ref>International Herald Tribune. [http://www.iht.com/articles/1997/09/22/vat.t.php Church to Voice Sorrow for "Silence" During War Deportations: Catholic Apology to Jews of France] September 22, 1997</ref><ref>CatholicIreland.net. [http://www.catholicireland.net/pages/index.php?nd=68&art=122 The Unlikely Election of John XXIII] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203050051/http://www.catholicireland.net/pages/index.php?nd=68&art=122 |date=2007-02-03 }}</ref>
== Biography == Valerio Valeri was born in [[Santa Fiora]], and studied at the [[Roman-Pio Seminary]] and the [[Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare|Pontifical Roman Athenaeum ''S. Apollinare'']], where he was made a [[professor]] in 1904. [[Holy Orders|Ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 21 December 1907, he then taught at the Pontifical Regional [[Seminary]] in [[Fano]] until 1909. After serving as a military [[chaplain]] during [[World War I]], Valeri entered the [[Roman Curia]], as a staff member of the [[Secretariat of State (Vatican)|Secretariat of State]], in 1920. From 1921 to 1927, he was [[auditor (ecclesiastical)|auditor]] of the [[France|French]] [[nunciature]]. He was raised to the rank of [[Monsignor|Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness]] on 6 July 1921, and later [[Monsignor|Domestic Prelate of His Holiness]] on 22 July 1923.
On 18 October 1927, Valeri was appointed [[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of Ephesus and [[Nuncio|Apostolic Delegate]] to [[Egypt]] and [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]].<ref>{{cite book | access-date = 18 May 2020 |title= Acta Apostolicae Sedis | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-19-1927-ocr.pdf | date= 1927 | volume = XIX | pages= 381, 441 | quote = Delegatum Apostolicum in Aegypto et in Arabia}}</ref> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 28 October from Cardinal [[Donato Sbarretti]], with Archbishop Pietro Benedetti, MSC, and Bishop Giuseppe Angelucci serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. Valeri was later named [[Nuncio]] to [[Romania]] on 1 July 1933, and finally [[Apostolic Nuncio to France]] on 11 July 1936. In August 1942, the nuncio disputed [[Philippe Pétain|Marshal Pétain]]'s claim that [[Pope Pius XII]] understood and approved of France's increased hostility towards the [[Jews]].<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930193247/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,932812,00.html Sacrificium Abramae] 17 August 1942</ref><ref>EWTN. [http://www.ewtn.com/library/issues/pius12gs.htm The Good Samaritan: Jewish Praise for Pope Pius XII]</ref> He was awarded the [[Grand Cross]] of the ''[[Légion d'honneur]]'' upon leaving France in 1944 to again work in the Secretariat of State, specifically the [[Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs]]. After becoming [[President (corporate title)|President]] of the Central Committee for the [[Jubilee (Christian)|Holy Year]] on 28 June 1948, Archbishop Valeri was made [[Assessor (law)|assessor]] of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches|Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Churches]] on 1 September of that same year.
He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Silvestro in Capite|S. Silvestro in Capite]]'' by Pius XII in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 12 January 1953. Pope Pius advanced him to [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Sacred Congregation for Religious]] five days later, on 17 January. Cardinal Valeri was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 1958|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 1958|1958 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope John XXIII]], who had earlier succeeded him as the French nuncio. Cardinal Valeri lived long enough to only attend the first session of the [[Second Vatican Council]] in 1962, and to [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 1963|participate]] in the [[Papal conclave, 1963|conclave of 1963]], which resulted in the election of [[Pope Paul VI]].
Valeri died in Rome, at age 79. He is buried in his family's [[tomb]] in Santa Fiora.
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == * [https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios-v.htm#Valeri Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bvaleri.html Catholic-Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
{{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{succession box | title=[[Nuncio|Apostolic Delegate]] to [[Egypt]] and [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] | before=[[Andrea Cassulo]] | after=[[Gustavo Testa]] | years=1927–1933 }} {{succession box | title=[[Nuncio]] to [[Romania]] | before=[[Angelo Dolci]] | after=[[Andrea Cassulo]] | years=1933–1936 }} {{succession box | title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to France]] | before=[[Luigi Maglione]] | after=[[Pope John XXIII|Angelo Roncalli]] | years=1936–1944 }} {{succession box | title=[[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Religious]] | before=[[Clemente Micara]] | after=[[Ildebrando Antoniutti]] | years=1953–1963 }}
{{s-bef| before=[[Luigi Lavitrano]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[San Silvestro in Capite|S. Silvestro in Capite]]'' | years= 1953–1963}} {{s-aft|after=[[John Carmel Heenan]]}} {{s-end}}
{{Cardinals created by Pius XII}} {{Second Vatican Council}} {{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Valeri, Valerio}} [[Category:1883 births]] [[Category:1963 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century Italian cardinals]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Egypt]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to France]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Romania]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Ethiopia]] [[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Pius XII]] [[Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council]] [[Category:Members of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]] [[Category:Italian military chaplains]] [[Category:World War I chaplains]] [[Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic]] [[Category:People from Santa Fiora]] [[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Pius XI]] [[Category:20th-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops]]