VT tank

{{Infobox weapon | name = Versuchsträger 1–2 | image = Gefechtsfeld-Versuchsträger GVT 04.JPG | image_size = 300 | caption = The GVT 04 tank | origin = West Germany | type = Tank destroyer, medium tank | is_vehicle = yes | designer = MaK<ref name="whq">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2007 |title=Versuchsträger VT 1-2 |url=http://www.whq-forum.de/cms/405.0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125802/http://www.whq-forum.de/cms/405.0.html |archive-date=2020-11-08 |website=WaffenHQ}}</ref> | design_date = 1970s | manufacturer = MaK | production_date = 1974 and 1975 (VT 1-1 and VT 1–2) | number = 2 VTs and 5 GVTs | variants = VT 1-1, VT 1–2, GVTs  | length = 9.06 m | width = 3.54 m | height = 2.04 m | weight = {{convert|43.5|t}} | suspension = hydropneumatic | speed = {{convert|70|km/h}} {{convert|40|km/h}} offroad | vehicle_range = | primary_armament = 2 x 105 mm guns ''or'' 2 x Rh120 L/44 guns | secondary_armament = | engine = MTU MB803 Ra-500 | crew = 3 (commander, driver, gunner) | engine_power = 1,500 PS (sustained )(1,100 kW) 2,400 PS (short time)(1765 kW)<ref name="KrapkePage25">Krapke, p.25</ref> | pw_ratio = 34.5 PS/t(sustained)(25.3 kW/t) 55 PS/t (short time)(40.5 kW/t) }}

thumb|VT 1–2 front thumb|GVT 04

The '''{{Lang|de|Versuchsträger}} ''1–2''''' (abbreviated: VT, meaning 'test-beds' or 'experiment carrier') were two German prototype twin gun turretless main battle tanks. Since the early 1970s a number of West German companies have been working on conceptual designs for a successor to the Leopard 1. This project had the name {{Lang|de|Kampfpanzer}} 3 (KPz 3). The KPz 3 project was temporarily a British-German joint project, until the UK withdrew because they wanted a turreted tank.<ref name="HilmesArmor">{{Cite magazine |last=Hilmes |first=Rolf |date=January–February 2001 |title=Modern German Tank Development, 1956–2000 |url=http://ciar.org/ttk/mbt/armor/armor-magazine/armor-mag.2001.jf/1bundeswehr01.pdf |magazine=ARMOR |pages=16–21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327143728/http://ciar.org/ttk/mbt/armor/armor-magazine/armor-mag.2001.jf/1bundeswehr01.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-27}}</ref> The Germans had already developed the Leopard 2 and therefore didn't see the need for another conventional tank.<ref name="HilmesArmor" /> One of the companies involved was MaK, developing the '''VT 1-1''' and '''VT 1–2'''. The test programme ended proving that a twin-gunned turretless tank could be created with enough technical effort, but had drawbacks in both practical and tactical use.<ref name="BWB">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bwb.org/portal/a/bwb/ueberun/dasbwb/wehrtec/exponat/kettenf/vt12?yw_contentURL=%2F01DB022000000001%2FW26HHDWK147INFODE%2Fcontent.jsp |title=Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung |access-date=2010-10-09 |archive-date=2012-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303134928/http://www.bwb.org/portal/a/bwb/ueberun/dasbwb/wehrtec/exponat/kettenf/vt12?yw_contentURL=%2F01DB022000000001%2FW26HHDWK147INFODE%2Fcontent.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History== The first VT tank, VT 1-1, was built in 1974 by Maschinenbau Kiel (MaK). One year later they produced the second VT tank, the VT 1–2. For further testing of the mobility and the concept of a tank with two main guns, five {{Lang|de|Gefechtsfeldversuchträger}} (GVT, 'battlefield test-beds') were designed and built in 1975 and 1976.<ref name="GVT">[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Panzermuseum_Munster_2010_0697.JPG Sign in the Panzermuseum Munster]</ref>

==Design== The VT 1-1 was based on the shortened chassis of the cancelled MBT-70 tank. Since the tank had no autoloaders, a crew of four was needed to operate it. All VT tanks followed in some extent the traditional design of German Jagdpanzers, like the post-war ''Kanonenjagdpanzer''.

The VT 1–2 featured a turbocharged engine, which was capable of 1,500 PS sustained and 2,400 PS for short periods of time. The tank had a three-man crew seated at the front, with driver between commander and gunner. A comparison with the Leopard 2 was held, which proved that the VT 1–2 tank wouldn't have any significant advantages over the Leopard 2. The engine of the Leopard 2 was not defining the concept and could therefore be replaced by the more powerful 12-cylinder engine of the VT 1–2 if required.<ref name="KrapkePage25" /> The Leopard 2 also had a high first round hit probability, due to its advanced fire control system, which corresponds to or even surpass the calculated first round hit probability of the twin guns.<ref name="KrapkePage25" />

The VT tanks were designed to:<ref name="BWB" /> * reach a higher weapon efficiency through short reaction times, higher hit probability and higher kill probability by using twin guns in a casemate structure. * be more mobile by using a stronger engine and a new suspension while saving weight through the absence of a turret. * have a higher level of survivability by reducing the crew compartment, using heavy frontal armour and a much lower silhouette.

The idea was that the tank would close in on the enemy on a zig-zag course<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ogorkiewicz |first1=Richard |title=Tanks:100 Years of Evolution |year=2015 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-0670-3 |page=196 }}</ref> ({{Lang|de|Wedelfahrt}}, much like a skier wedeling downhill). The target would be locked into the aiming computer, the gunner would hold the trigger and the gun would fire automatically in the moment when the muzzle was on the target during the next change of direction.

The VT 1-1 was armed with two 105 mm rifled guns, which were loaded manually. The VT 1–2 carried two 120 mm smoothbore guns equipped with 6-round automatic loaders. The GVTs were not fitted with guns, instead they mounted two gun simulators. For combat simulations they used Talissi laser fire simulators. The propellant gases were created with a 20 mm cannon mounted on the roof.<ref name="GVT" />

==Variants== * '''VT 1-1''' – 105 mm rifled guns with manual loading, based on the German–American KPz 70/MBT-70.<ref name="MBT-70" >{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F. |editor1-link=Christopher F. Foss |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 1982–83 |publisher=Jane's Publishing Company |location=London |year=1982 |isbn=0-7106-0747-4 |page=14 |edition=3rd |chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/janesarmourartil0000unse_p4o1}}</ref> * '''VT 1–2''' – 120 mm smoothbore guns with an automatic loader and an engine upgrade. * '''GVT 01 – GVT 05'''

== See also == * M50 Ontos – tank destroyer with six M40 recoilless rifles * Type 60 self-propelled 106 mm recoilless rifle – tank destroyer armed with two 105 mm recoilless rifles * Stridsvagn 103 – turret-less main battle tank of the same era

==References== {{Commons category|VT1}} ;Notes {{reflist}} ;Bibliography *{{cite book | last=Krapke| first=Paul-Werner| title=Leopard 2 sein Werden und seine Leistung | year=2004 | publisher=BoD – Books on Demand | isbn=3-8334-1425-1 | language=German}}

Category:Main battle tanks of Germany Category:Trial and research tanks of Germany Category:Tank destroyers of Germany Category:Abandoned military projects of Germany Category:History of the tank