ViewMAX

{{Short description|File manager}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019|cs1-dates=y}} {{Use list-defined references|date=December 2021}} {{Infobox Software | name = ViewMAX | logo = | screenshot = Viewmax screen shot.png | screenshot size = | caption = Screenshot of ViewMAX 2 file manager with user-defined colors | author = | developer = Digital Research, Novell, Caldera Thin Clients | released = {{Start date and age|1990|df=yes}} | latest release version = ViewMAX 3 beta | latest release date = {{Start date and age|1999|04|df=yes}} | operating system = DR-DOS | genre = Windowing system | license = GNU General Public License | website = }} '''ViewMAX''' is a CUA-compliant file manager supplied with DR DOS versions 5.0 and 6.0. It is based on a cut-down runtime version of Digital Research's GEM/3 graphical user interface modified to run only a single statically built application, the ViewMAX desktop.<ref name="Elliott_1999_Versions"/><ref name="Elliott_1999_Differences"/> Support for some unneeded functions has been removed whilst some new functions were added at the same time.<ref name="Elliott_1999_Differences"/> Nevertheless, the systems remained close enough for ViewMAX to recognize GEM desktop accessories ({{mono|.ACC}} executables) automatically<ref name="Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN"/> and to allow some native GEM applications ({{mono|.APP}} executables) to be run inside the ViewMAX environment (without having to install and launch GEM first).<ref name="Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN"/> Many display drivers for GEM 3.xx could be used by ViewMAX as well, enabling ViewMAX to be used with non-standard display adapters and higher resolutions than possible using the default set of ViewMAX drivers.<ref name="Elliott_1999_Differences"/><ref name="Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN"/> Also, Digital Research's SID86, the symbolic instruction debugger that shipped with DR DOS 3.xx and provided dedicated functions to debug GEM applications (see {{mono|?Y}} GEM-specific help under SID86 or GEMSID), could be used for ViewMAX as well.<ref name="Paul_1997_DRDOSTIP"/><ref name="Elliott_2002_GEMSID"/>

=={{anchor|1|2|3}}Versions== Originally named ''Navigator'' in beta versions,<ref name="MS_DR50"/> ViewMAX 1.00<ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX1"/> was distributed with DR DOS 5.0 in 1990 to provide an equivalent to DOSSHELL in MS-DOS/PC DOS 4.0. It had a very similar appearance to Digital Research's previous GEM desktops – two fixed-size windows. Each window would either contain icons representing drives, directories and files, or a representation of the directory hierarchy.<ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX1"/> If supported by the underlying operating system (such as DR DOS), file and directory passwords and access permissions were supported. Network drives (including CD-ROM drives) were distinguished through their own icon, different from those of local drives.<ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX1"/>

In 1991, ViewMAX 2 was distributed with DR DOS 6.0. Various graphical improvements were made in this release, including controls with a 3D appearance and user-selectable colour schemes.<ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX2"/> The directory tree (if enabled) was now shown beside the list of icons, rather than instead of it.<ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX2"/> Various settings could be stored in a configuration files named %DRDOSCFG%\VIEWMAX.INI.<ref name="Novell_1992_VM2"/><ref name="Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX2"/> For more flexible character set support ViewMAX 2 loaded display fonts from a standard DOS {{mono|.CPI}} file<ref name="Paul_2001_CPI"/><ref name="Elliott_2006_CPI"/><ref name="Elliott_2006_CPPREP"/><ref name="AEB_2001_CPI"/><ref name="Haralambous_2007_CPI"/><ref name="MS_1991_PR"/> depending on the current code page rather than using a GEM specific character set, a feature also incorporated into FreeGEM since 2005.<ref name="Elliott_2006_FreeGEM2"/> The DOS/V-compatible Japanese version of ViewMAX, as distributed with DR DOS 6.0/V in 1992, supported DBCS characters loaded by {{mono|$FONT.SYS}} from {{mono|SCREENHZ.FNT}}.<ref name="DRDOS60V_ViewMAX"/> Support was added for the DR DOS task switcher TaskMAX; if this was present, applications would be launched as separate tasks, and ViewMAX could switch between them.<ref name="Novell_1992_VM2"/><ref name="Caldera_1997_MULTI"/><ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX2"/> As TASKMGR in later operating systems such as Novell DOS 7, OpenDOS 7.01, DR-DOS 7.02 and higher continued to emulate most of the task switcher API as well,<ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_API"/> ViewMAX 2 could be used to switch and control multiple concurrently running full-screen DOS tasks under the DR-DOS preemptively multitasking kernel ({{mono|EMM386 /MULTI + TASKMGR}}) as well.<ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN"/><ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/><ref name="Paul_2001_API"/>

ViewMAX 3 was intended to be the graphical file manager for Novell's next version of DR DOS. ViewMAX 3 included support for colour icons, movable and resizable windows, program groups, and background images.<ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX3"/> If the underlying DR-DOS had the optional multi-user security module loaded, ViewMAX would also provide support for the extended world/group/owner access permission system. Although ViewMAX 3 was part of the DR DOS "Panther" Beta 1 distribution in October 1992,<ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP"/> it was never completed and apparently abandoned in favour to Apple's and Novell's "Star Trek" team project in 1992/1993, which remained unreleased as well. So, Novell DOS 7, as "DR DOS 7.0" was called in 1994, came without any graphical file manager at all. When Caldera bought the remaining Digital Research assets from Novell on 23 July 1996,<ref name="Leon_1996_Caldera"/> initial plans were to revive GEM and ViewMAX technologies for a low-footprint user interface for OpenDOS in mobile applications<ref name="Caldera_1997_WebSpyder"/><ref name="Jemmett_1999"/> as ''Caldera View'', but these plans were abandoned by Caldera UK in favour of DR-WebSpyder and GROW. After closing the DR-DOS development center Caldera UK in early 1999, the remaining source code of the ViewMAX 3 beta version was published in April 1999 by the US parent company Caldera Thin Clients under the GPL<ref name="Jemmett_1999"/> following continued community request to release the sources, shortly before the company changed its name to Lineo and switched to Linux-based technologies three months later.<ref name="Caldera_1999_Lineo"/> Various ViewMAX features not previously found in GEM have been incorporated into FreeGEM since then.<ref name="Elliott_2006_FreeGEM1"/><ref name="Elliott_2006_FreeGEM2"/>

==See also== * GEM * DOSSHELL * Comparison of file managers * COMMAND.COM

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Paul_1997_DRDOSTIP">{{cite book |title=DRDOSTIP.TXT — Tips und Tricks für DR DOS 3.41 - 5.0 |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-05-24 |orig-date=1991 |edition=47 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdostip.htm |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107125452/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdostip.htm |archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN">{{cite book |title=DRDOS6UN.TXT — Zusammenfassung der dokumentierten und undokumentierten Fähigkeiten von DR DOS 6.0 |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-04-13 |orig-date=1993 |edition=60 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdos6un.htm |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107122830/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdos6un.htm |archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN">{{cite book |title=NWDOS7UN.TXT — Zusammenfassung der dokumentierten und undokumentierten Fähigkeiten von Novell DOS 7 |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-06-07 |orig-date=1994 |edition=85 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdos7un.htm |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107122352/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdos7un.htm |archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP">{{cite book |title=NWDOS-TIPs — Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds |work=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-07-30 |orig-date=1994 |edition=3 |version=Release 157 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |access-date=2014-08-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104235829/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm |archive-date=2016-11-04}} (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on Novell DOS 7 and OpenDOS 7.01, including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger <code>MPDOSTIP.ZIP</code> collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the <code>NWDOSTIP.TXT</code> file.)</ref> <ref name="Jemmett_1999">{{cite web |work=Deltasoft – GEM News |title=Caldera releases GEM under the GPL |date=April 1999 |author-first=Ben A. L. |author-last=Jemmett |url=http://www.deltasoft.com/news.htm |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107145947/http://www.deltasoft.com/news.htm |archive-date=2016-11-07 |quote=Caldera Thin Clients, Inc. released the source code for GEM and ViewMAX under the GNU Public License in mid April, following years of speculation over GEM's future. Caldera bought the GEM sources from Novell along with the DR-DOS in 1996, at the time noting that they may develop GEM into a platform for mobile computers and thin clients. However, these plans were dropped, and GEM was instead released into the open-source community.}}</ref> <ref name="Caldera_1997_WebSpyder">{{cite web |editor-first=Joseph P. |editor-last=Morris |title=Caldera Announces OEM Availability of "Web-TV"-like Functionality Using OpenDOS - Caldera WebSpyder Adds Customizable Inter/Intranet Functionality to OEM Solutions |publisher=Caldera, Inc. |location=Provo, UT, USA |orig-date=1997-05-19 |date=1997-05-23 |via=www.delorie.com/opendos |url=http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/1997/05/23/11:49:03 |access-date=2018-08-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826121756/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/1997/05/23/11:49:03 |archive-date=2018-08-26}}</ref> <ref name="Caldera_1999_Lineo">{{cite web |author=Caldera, Inc. |author-link=Caldera, Inc. |title=((Embedded Linux moved to top priority at Lineo, Inc. formerly known as Caldera Thin Clients, Inc.)) |type=Press release |date=1999-07-20 |location=Lindon, UT, USA |url=http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/lineoprl.html |access-date=2017-06-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625000805/http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/lineoprl.html |archive-date=2017-06-25}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_2001_API">{{cite web |title=No lumps of coal |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-12-16 |work=fd-dev |url=http://lists.topica.com/lists/fd-dev/read/message.html?sort=d&mid=902766721 |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155848/http://lists.topica.com/lists/fd-dev/read/message.html?sort=d&mid=902766721 |archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_1999_Versions">{{cite web |title=Versions of GEM |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |date=1999-06-10 |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/versions.html |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107191316/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/versions.html |archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_1999_Differences">{{cite web |title=A comparison between GEM and ViewMAX |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |date=1999-05-09 |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/viewmax.html |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107214528/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/viewmax.html |archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> <ref name="Caldera_1997_MULTI">{{cite book |author=Caldera, Inc. |author-link=Caldera, Inc. |title=OpenDOS Developer's Reference Series — Multitasking API — Programmer's Guide |location=UK |date=August 1997 |id=Caldera Part No. 200-DODG-004 |url=http://www.drdos.net/documentation/multtask/index.htm |access-date=2013-03-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229144739/http://www.drdos.net/documentation/multtask/index.htm |archive-date=2016-12-29}}</ref> <ref name="Paul_2001_CPI">{{cite web |title=Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files |type=CPI.LST file |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2001-06-10 |edition=1.30 |orig-date=1995 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |access-date=2016-08-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420065252/http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip |archive-date=2016-04-20}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_2006_CPI">{{cite web |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |title=CPI file format |date=2006-10-14 |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165307/http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_2006_CPPREP">{{cite web |title=Codepage-related software |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/ |date=2006-09-03 |access-date=2016-11-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108220506/http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/ |archive-date=2016-11-08}}</ref> <ref name="AEB_2001_CPI">{{cite web |title=CPI fonts |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |date=2001-02-10 |version=0.2 |url=https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922165133/https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html |archive-date=2016-09-22}}</ref> <ref name="Haralambous_2007_CPI">{{cite book |title=Fonts & Encodings |url=https://archive.org/details/fontsencodings00hara_390 |url-access=limited |author-first=Yannis |author-last=Haralambous |translator-first=P. Scott |translator-last=Horne |location=Sebastopol, California, USA |publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc. |date=September 2007 |edition=1 |isbn=978-0-596-10242-5  |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fontsencodings00hara_390/page/n621 601]–602, 611}}</ref> <ref name="MS_1991_PR">{{cite book |title=MS-DOS Programmer's Reference |publisher=Microsoft Press |date=1991 |isbn=1-55615-329-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781556153297}}</ref> <ref name="DRDOS60V_ViewMAX">{{cite web |author-first1=Roy |author-last1=Tam |author-first2=John C. |author-last2=Elliott |title=DR DOS 6.0/V |date=2014-01-12 |url=https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30331 |access-date=2017-01-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903045928/https://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30331 |archive-date=2018-09-03 |quote=[...] outline of the support in the video driver ({{mono|SDJVG9.VGA}}) [...] At startup, it calls <code>INT 15h/AX=5000h</code> to get the address of the DOS/V 'read font' function. If [...] present, it sets a [...] DBCS [...] flag on the system font. [...] it uses <code>INT 21h/AX=6507h</code> to get the DBCS lead byte table. When a string is passed to [...] text output functions, if a DBCS font is in use and the DBCS lead byte table is loaded, the code checks for DBCS lead/trail bytes in the string passed to it, and combines each pair into a 16-bit character ID. When drawing a character, it checks to see if the character ID is above 256. If so, it calls the DOS/V 'read font' function to get that character's bitmap, and instructs the drawing code to draw 16 pixels from offset 0 of that bitmap, rather than 8 pixels from the system font bitmap at a given offset. There are similar checks in the optimised monospaced text drawing code, allowing characters to be 8 or 16 pixels wide.}} (NB. Has screenshots of a DBCS-enabled version of ViewMAX running on DR DOS 6.0/V and a hex dump of the corresponding DRFONT database {{mono|SCREENHZ.FNT}} for its {{mono|$FONT.SYS}}.</ref> <ref name="MS_DR50">{{cite web |author=Microsoft |author-link=Microsoft |title=DR DOS 5.0 Competitive Analysis |type=court document |id=5114_A Comes v. Microsoft |url=http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/5000/PX05114_A.pdf |access-date=2017-01-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118114018/http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/5000/PX05114_A.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-18}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_2002_GEMSID">{{cite newsgroup |title=SID86 |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |date=2002-01-08 |newsgroup=comp.os.cpm |url=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.os.cpm/KG4R7ZNvHK8/wF6ZW1TyYj4J |access-date=2018-04-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180827033457/https://groups.google.com/forum/%23!msg/comp.os.cpm/KG4R7ZNvHK8/wF6ZW1TyYj4J |archive-date=2018-08-27 |quote= […] GEMSID has some additional features for GEM support. In particular, it supports swapping between the GEM graphics screen and the text screen (type ?Y for details). [...]}}</ref> <ref name="Leon_1996_Caldera">{{cite news |title=Caldera reopens 'settled' suit, buys DR DOS — Antitrust suit against Microsoft |author-first=Mark |author-last=Leon |series=News |date=1996-07-29 |newspaper=InfoWorld |publisher=InfoWorld Publishing Co. |volume=18 |issue=31 |issn=0199-6649 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3 |access-date=2020-02-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208123222/https://books.google.de/books?id=Jj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport&hl=de |archive-date=2020-02-08}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Jj0EAAAAMBAJ/page/n6/mode/1up]; {{cite news |title=Caldera reopens 'settled' suit, buys DR DOS — Microsoft's response: lawsuit is 'ironic and sad' |author-first=Mark |author-last=Leon |date=1996-07-29 |newspaper=Computerworld New Zealand |issn=0113-1494 |id=CMPWNZ |volume= |number= |publisher=IDG Communications |url=https://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/519730/caldera_reopens_settled_suit_buys_dr_dos/ |access-date=2018-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823043437/https://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/519730/caldera_reopens_settled_suit_buys_dr_dos/ |archive-date=2018-08-23}} </ref> <ref name="Elliott_2006_FreeGEM1">{{cite web |title= FreeGEM (1999-2004) |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/freegem.html |date=March 2006 |access-date=2018-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130904065625/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/freegem.html |archive-date=2013-09-04}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_2006_FreeGEM2">{{cite web |title= FreeGEM (2005-) |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |date=March 2006 |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/freegem2.html |access-date=2018-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180911231841/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/freegem2.html |archive-date=2018-09-11}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX1">{{cite web |title=ViewMAX/1 screenshots |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |date=2013 |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/viewmax1.html |access-date=2018-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111211126/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/viewmax1.html |archive-date=2013-01-11}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX2">{{cite web |title=ViewMAX/2 screenshots |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |date=2013 |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/viewmax2.html |access-date=2018-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180911232803/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/viewmax2.html |archive-date=2018-09-11}}</ref> <ref name="Elliott_2013_ViewMAX3">{{cite web |title=ViewMAX/3 screenshots |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |date=2013 |website=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/viewmax3.html |access-date=2018-09-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130904065555/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/viewmax3.html |archive-date=2013-09-04}}</ref> <ref name="Novell_1992_VM2">{{cite web |title=Document 1209 - ViewMAX |date=1992-01-06 |author-first=R. |author-last=R. |publisher=Digital Research / Novell |id=FYI-M-1209 |url=http://www.pcorner.com/list/AOS/DRTIPS.ZIP/1209.TXT/ |access-date=2018-04-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403214952/https://www.pcorner.com/list/AOS/DRTIPS.ZIP/1209.TXT/ |archive-date=2018-04-03}} (NB. 1209.TXT is also part of DRTIPS.ZIP)</ref> }}

==Further reading== * {{cite book |author=Digital Research, Inc. |author-link=Digital Research, Inc. |date=May 1990 |title=ViewMAX User Guide |edition=1st |publisher=Digital Research, Inc. |id=Part Number: 1174-2004-002}} (88 pages) * {{cite book |author=Digital Research, Inc. |author-link=Digital Research, Inc. |date=August 1991 |title=ViewMAX User Guide |edition=2nd |publisher=Digital Research, Inc. |id=Part Number. 1192-2054-002}} (106 pages)

==External links== * [http://www.deltasoft.com/downloads.htm Ben A. L. Jemmett's GEM site Deltasoft] * [http://www.seasip.info/Gem/viewmax.html John C. Elliott's GEM site Seasip] * [http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/archive/unofficial/gemworld.html GEMWorld: GEM - The Project] (1999 mirror)

Category:DOS drivers Category:File managers Category:DOS software Category:GEM software Category:Digital Research software Category:User interfaces Category:Graphical user interfaces Category:Windowing systems