{{Short description|Ancient Iranic people mentioned in the histories of Herodotus}} [[File:Persis map.jpg|thumb|Persian Empire 500 BC Map showing Persis and Utians]] The '''Utians''' or '''Utii''' were ancient western Iranic nomadic camel-driving people, known primarily through the writings of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus.<ref name="discovering">{{cite book | last =Zaghamee | first =Reza | authorlink = | title =Discovering Cyrus: The Persian Conqueror Astride the Ancient World | publisher =Mage Publishers Incorporated | series = | volume = | date =2013 | pages = | language =English | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=cMKZEAAAQBAJ | isbn = 9781933823799 | accessdate=2023-06-15}}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite encyclopedia | last =Bryce | first =Trevor | title =Utians | encyclopedia =The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire | pages =757 | publisher =Taylor & Francis | language =English | date =2009 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=E1aF0hq1GR8C | isbn = 9781134159086 | accessdate = 2023-06-15}}</ref><ref>Herodotus, ''Histories'' 3.93</ref> Herodotus describes them as "dressed in skin with the hair on".<ref>{{cite book | last =Briant | first =Pierre | title =From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire | publisher =Penn State University Press | series = | volume = | date =2002 | pages =195 | language =English | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=FDULEAAAQBAJ | isbn = 9781575065748 | accessdate=2023-06-15}}</ref>
There exists little independent record of these people, and it is somewhat unclear whom Herodotus was referring to. He describes them as forming part of the 14th province of the Persian empire, sharing this province with other peoples named Sagartians, Sarangians, Thamanaeans, Mycians, and the unnamed inhabitants of the islands of the Erythraean Sea.<ref name="handbook"/>
Herodotus also describes them as serving in the army of Xerxes I, under the command of Arsamenes, son of Darius the Great, during the Second Persian invasion of Greece in 481 BCE.<ref>Herodotus, ''Histories'' 7.68</ref>
On the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great, a land in Southern Persis called "Vautiya" or "Yautiya" is described. Some scholars have suggested that might be the same as the homeland of the people Herodotus called "Utians".<ref name="handbook"/><ref>{{cite book | editor-first=Roland | editor-last=Oetjen | title =New Perspectives in Seleucid History, Archaeology and Numismatics: Studies in Honor of Getzel M. Cohen | publisher =De Gruyter | series = | volume = | date =2019 | pages = | language =English | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=iUXCDwAAQBAJ | isbn = 9783110388558 | accessdate=2023-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =Christensen | first =Peter | title =The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environment in the Middle East, 500 B.C. - A.D. 1500 | publisher =Bloomsbury Publishing | series = | volume = | date =2015 | pages =36 | language =English | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=IBiWDwAAQBAJ | isbn = 9781838609368 | accessdate=2023-06-15}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-02-01 |title=خبرگزاری میراث فرهنگی - متن کامل کتیبه بیستون |url=http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=85356 |access-date=2025-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201224334/http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=85356 |archive-date=1 February 2014 }}</ref>
{{Quote box | quote = A man named Vahyazdāta, residing in a city called Tārvā in a region named Yautiyā in Persia, rose up for a second time in Persia. He told the people: "I am Bardiya, the son of Cyrus." After that, the Persian army at the palace, which had previously come from Anshan, disobeyed me and turned to Vahyazdāta. He became king in Persia. | author = Darius the King | source = Behistun Inscription, 2nd Column, Clause 5<ref name=":0" /> }}
The Utians are generally believed to have ranged over southern Carmania near its border with Gedrosia.<ref name="discovering" /> Other scholars, notably Josef Markwart, have proposed that Herodotus was confusing his references, and was actually talking about a group of Armenian people from Utik, the Vitii, possibly the ancestors of the Udi people.<ref>{{cite book | last =Potts | first =D. T. | title =Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era | publisher =Oxford University Press | series = | volume = | date =2014 | pages =103, 106 | language =English | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ssLADwAAQBAJ | isbn = 9780199330805 | accessdate=2023-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =Marquart | first =Joseph | authorlink =Josef Markwart | title =Untersuchungen zur Geschichte von Eran II | publisher = | series = | volume = | date =1896 | pages = | language =German | url = | isbn = | accessdate=}}</ref><ref>Pliny the Elder, ''Natural History'' 6.42</ref> Still other scholars, such as Amélie Kuhrt, have proposed the Utians are identical to the Uxii.<ref>{{cite book | last =Kuhrt | first =Amélie | authorlink =Amélie Kuhrt | title =The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period | publisher =Taylor & Francis | date =2013 | pages =528 | language =English | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=bb7eH1LHRcAC | isbn = 9781136016943 | accessdate=2023-06-15}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Historical Iranian peoples Category:Iranian nomads Category:Classical antiquity Category:Tribes described primarily by Herodotus Category:Near East in classical antiquity