United Restoration Army

{{Short description|Chilean–Peruvian Army}} {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = United Restoration Army | native_name = Ejército Unido Restaurador | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | dates = 1837; 1838–1839 | disbanded = | country =  | allegiance = {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]] {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = {{flagicon|Peru|1825}} Peruvian dissidents |bullets=yes |{{flagicon|Peru|1825}} [[Peruvian Republic (1837)|La Fuente government]] (1837) |{{flagicon|Peru|1825}} [[Restoration (Peru)|Gamarra government]] (1838–39) }} | branch = [[Chilean Army]] [[Restoration Army of Peru]] | type = [[Field army]] | role =  | size = | command_structure = | garrison = | garrison_label = | nickname = | patron = | motto = | colors =  | colors_label =  | march = | mascot = | anniversaries = | equipment = | equipment_label = | battles = [[War of the Confederation]] [[Iquicha War of 1839]] | battles_label = | decorations = | battle_honours = | battle_honours_label = | flying_hours =  | commander1 = [[Manuel Blanco Encalada]] (1837) [[Manuel Bulnes]] (1838–39) | commander1_label = Chief Generals  | identification_symbol = | identification_symbol_label = }}

[[File:Confederacion Perú Boliviana cronologia.png|thumb|right|275px|{{Collapsible list | title = Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia: | 1 = {{Legend|#C00000|[[Peru–Bolivian Confederation|Peru-Bolivia]]}} {{Legend|#0000FE|Controlled by the United Restoration Army}} {{Legend|#FCC300|[[Peruvian Republic (1837)|First Provisional Government of Peru]]}} {{Legend|#1dacd6|[[Peruvian Republic (1838-1839)|Northern Peruvian Republic]]}} {{Legend|#FFFF00|[[Agustín Gamarra#Second presidency and invasion of Bolivia|Second Provisional Government of Peru]]}} {{Legend|#800080|[[José Miguel de Velasco|Provisional Government of Bolivia]]}} {{Legend|#E65F00|New [[Peru]]vian State}} {{Legend|#006400|New [[Bolivia]]n State}} {{Legend|#000000|Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the ''[[#Restoration (1839–1841)|restoration]]''}} {{legend-line|solid 2px #000000;|''[[De facto]]'' borders after the dissolution}} {{Legend|#FE0000|Disputed between [[Peru–Bolivian Confederation|Peru-Bolivia]] and [[Argentine Confederation|Argentina]]}} {{Legend|#0BDA51|Disputed between [[Bolivia]] and [[Argentine Confederation|Argentina]]}}}}]]

The '''United Restoration Army''', also called simply as the '''Restoration Army''', was a land military force that operated between the years 1837 and 1839, which had the objective of ending the [[Peru-Bolivian Confederation]], led by General [[Andrés de Santa Cruz]], and restore the independence of Peru to its situation prior to the [[Salaverry-Santa Cruz War]].

This military force was made up of the [[Chilean Army]] and the army of the dissident governments formed in Peru, first that of [[Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente]] in 1837 and then that of [[Agustín Gamarra]] between 1838 and 1839. Its first commander was [[Manuel Blanco Encalada]] in the failed expedition of 1837. During the second expedition of 1838-1839, [[Manuel Bulnes Prieto]] was appointed as its general in chief.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Chile y Perú. La historia que nos une y nos separa 1535-1883|last=Villalobos Rivera|first=Sergio|publisher=Editorial Universitaria|year=2002|isbn=978-956-11-1601-6|location=Santiago|pages=53|language=Spanish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xsZGOX8IGe4C&dq=Ej%C3%A9rcito+Unido+Restaurador+-&pg=PA53|author-link=Sergio Villalobos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Documentos relativos a reclamos al gobierno del Perú sobre propiedades britanicas tomadas por autoridades peruanas, desde 1835 hasta 1839|publisher=[[Government of Peru|Peru]]|year=1840|pages=72–73|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EUIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA73}}</ref>

Among its members were the North Peruvian military and politicians [[Juan Crisóstomo Torrico]] and [[Ramón Castilla]], among others, who were exiled in Chile. There were also General [[Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco]], Andrés Martínez and the politician [[Felipe Pardo y Aliaga]], who negotiated the deal with Chile to intervene in favor of the North-Peruvian State, joining forces in order to [[Dissolution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation|break]] the Confederation.<ref name="tamayo">{{Cite book|title=Nuevo Compendio de Historia del Perú|last=Tamayo Herrera|first=José|author-link=José Tamayo Herrera|publisher=Editorial Lumen|year=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2gaAAAAYAAJ|isbn=|pages=255–256}}</ref> Likewise, former North Peruvian president Agustín Gamarra and his followers were also refugees, who finally formed an alliance with Chile in 1838 to establish a new government in Peru. After the war, the military campaigns were paid by Peru to the [[government of Chile]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Convención celebrada con el gobierno de Chile para el pago de la deuda peruana, de 11 de diciembre de 1849|year=1849|url=http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/Imagenes/LeyesXIX/1849093.pdfar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002912/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/Imagenes/LeyesXIX/1849093.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Battle of Yungay|defeat]] of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation occurred in the town of [[Yungay, Peru|Villa de Yungay]], in the Department of Huaylas on January 20, 1839.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Recopilacion de leyes i decretos supremos concernientes al ejército, desde abril de 1812 a [diciembre de 1887] ...: Abril de 1812 a abril de 1839.|last=Varas|first=José Antonio|publisher=Imprenta nacional|year=1870|location=Santiago|pages=520–521|language=Spanish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GsEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA520}}</ref> In commemoration of this victory, the Department of Huaylas took the name of the [[Department of Ancash]], as it is known today.

Later the term was used again during the Peruvian revolutions where one of the parties called restoration to the cause they defended, such was the case of the [[Peruvian Civil War of 1865|revolution]] led by General [[Mariano Ignacio Prado]] in 1865.<ref>{{Cite book|title=La primera centuria: causas geográficas, políticas y económicas que han detenido el progreso moral y material del Perú en el primer siglo de su vida independiente|last=Dávalos y Lissón|first=Pedro|publisher=Librería e Imprenta Gil|year=1926|location=Lima|pages=143|language=Spanish|volume=IV: Causas políticas y económicas|chapter=XIII: San Román y Pezet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Guerra internacional, revolución y dictadura: los partidos parlamentarios y la política peruana entre 1865 y 1867|last=Peralta Ruiz|first=Victor|publisher=[[Pontifical Catholic University of Peru|Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]]|year=2018|pages=97|language=Spanish|url=https://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/historica/article/download/20266/20222/|trans-title=International War, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Parliamentary Parties and Peruvian Politics between 1865-1867}}</ref>

==See also== *[[Restoration Army of Peru]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/Imagenes/LeyesXIX/1839010.pdf Disponiendo que el departamento de Huaylas se denomine Ancash] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235945/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/Imagenes/LeyesXIX/1839010.pdf |date=2007-09-26 }} * [http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/Imagenes/LeyesXIX/1839005.pdf Determinando la medalla que debe darse a los vencedores de Ancach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925051808/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/Imagenes/LeyesXIX/1839005.pdf |date=2012-09-25 }}

[[Category:Military history of Chile]] [[Category:Military history of Peru]] [[Category:War of the Confederation]] [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1837]] [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1838]] [[Category:Disbanded armies]]