Ummidia

{{Short description|Genus of spiders}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Palaeogene|present}} | taxon = Ummidia | image = Ummidia_sp.jpg | image_caption = Trap-Door Spider, ''Ummidia sp.'', from Austin, Texas | authority = Thorell, 1875<ref name=NMBE /> | type_species = ''U. picea'' | type_species_authority = Thorell, 1875 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 56, see text | synonyms = *''Pachylomerides'' Strand, 1934<ref name=Roew1955>{{cite book| last=Roewer| first=C. F.| year=1955| title=Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). 2. Band, Abt. b (Salticiformia, Cribellata) (Synonyma-Verzeichnis, Gesamtindex)| publisher=Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles| page=1715}}</ref> | synonyms_ref = <ref name=NMBE /> }}

'''''Ummidia''''' is a genus of mygalomorph spiders in the family Halonoproctidae, and was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1875.<ref name=Thor1875>{{cite journal| last=Thorell| first=T.| year=1875| title=Descriptions of several European and North African spiders.| journal=Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar| pages=1–203| volume=13| issue=5}}</ref> It is a genus of small to large trapdoor spiders that are usually black to very dark brown in color. It is a widely-distributed genus found in the southwestern Mediterranean, Central Asia, and in the Americas from Ohio south to Brazil. They live in hard-to-find silk-lined burrows hidden in leaf litter.

== Taxonomy == ''Ummidia'' split from the morphologically similar genus ''Conothele'' over 50 million years ago.<ref name=":0" />

== Description == ''Ummidia'' species are small to large trapdoor spiders, usually black to very dark brown in color. The abdominal coloration is generally dark grey, occasionally with a bright white dorsal patch, pale opalescence, or light patches at the apodemes. The cephalothorax is longer than it is wide. The pars cephalica is highest behind the eyes and sloping posteriorly. The carapace is evenly sclerotized, and is rough in males and smooth in females. The fovea is procurved and deep. At least the median eyes are on the tubercle, with the eye diameter being variable. The anterior eye row is procurved, while the posterior eye row is relatively straight to slightly recurved or procurved. The sternum is usually approximately as wide as it is long.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Godwin |first=Rebecca L. |last2=Bond |first2=Jason E. |date=2021-04-02 |title=Taxonomic revision of the New World members of the trapdoor spider genus Ummidia Thorell (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae) |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/54888/ |journal=ZooKeys |language=en |volume=1027 |pages=1–165 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.1027.54888 |issn=1313-2970 |pmc=8035127 |pmid=33867800 |doi-access=free}}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes|url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/54888/ |authors=Godwin, Bond}}</ref>

''Ummidia'' can be differentiated from all other halonoproctid genera except ''Conothele'' by the presence of a dorsal, glabrous, saddle-like depression on tibia III. ''Ummidia'' can be further distinguished from ''Bothriocyrtum'', ''Cyclocosmia'', and ''Hebestatis'' by the presence of clavate trichobothria and the absence of lateral sternal sigilla.<ref name=":0" />

==Distribution and habitat== ''Ummidia'' is a wide-ranging genus, found in the southwestern Mediterranean, Central Asia, and in the Americas from as far north as Ohio and Maryland west to Arizona and south to Brazil, including the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Ballooning, a peculiar behavior among most mygalomorphs, has been observed in a few species. This behavior explains the genus' presence on multiple islands in the Caribbean, including the volcanic island of St. Vincent and possibly Bermuda.<ref name=":0" />

''Ummidia'' spiders construct silk-lined burrows, usually with cork-type doors. These burrows are cryptic and difficult to find and are often covered in leaf litter.<ref name=":0" />

==Species== {{as of|2022|04}} it contained fifty-six species.<ref name="NMBE">{{cite journal |last1=Gloor |first1=Daniel |last2=Nentwig |first2=Wolfgang |last3=Blick |first3=Theo |last4=Kropf |first4=Christian |year=2022 |title=Gen. Ummidia Thorell, 1875 |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/656 |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |doi=10.24436/2 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=World Spider Catalog Version 23.0}}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=24em}} *''Ummidia aedificatoria'' (Westwood, 1840) – Morocco *''Ummidia algarve'' Decae, 2010 – Portugal *''Ummidia algeriana'' (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria, Tunisia *''Ummidia anaya'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Mexico *''Ummidia armata'' (Ausserer, 1875) – Unknown *''Ummidia asperula'' (Simon, 1889) – Venezuela *''Ummidia audouini'' (Lucas, 1835) – USA *''Ummidia beatula'' (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940) – USA *''Ummidia brandicarlileae'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Mexico *''Ummidia carabivora'' (Atkinson, 1886) – USA *''Ummidia carlosviquezi'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Nicaragua, Costa Rica *''Ummidia cerrohoya'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Panama *''Ummidia colemanae'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia cuicatec'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Mexico *''Ummidia erema'' (Chamberlin, 1925) – Panama *''Ummidia ferghanensis'' (Kroneberg, 1875) – Central Asia *''Ummidia frankellerae'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Belize *''Ummidia funerea'' (Gertsch, 1936) – USA *''Ummidia gabrieli'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Mexico *''Ummidia gandjinoi'' (Andreeva, 1968) – Tajikistan *''Ummidia gertschi'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia gingoteague'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia glabra'' (Doleschall, 1871) – Brazil *''Ummidia hondurena'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Honduras, El Salvador *''Ummidia huascazaloya'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Mexico *''Ummidia insularis'' Santos, Ortiz & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2022 – Dominican Republic *''Ummidia macarthuri'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia matagalpa'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Nicaragua *''Ummidia mercedesburnsae'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia mischi'' Zonstein, 2014 – Afghanistan *''Ummidia modesta'' (Banks, 1901) – USA *''Ummidia neblina'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Venezuela *''Ummidia neilgaimani'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia nidulans'' (Fabricius, 1787) – Jamaica, West Indies *''Ummidia okefenokee'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia paulacushingae'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia pesiou'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Mexico *''Ummidia picea'' Thorell, 1875 (type) – Spain *''Ummidia pustulosa'' (Becker, 1879) – Mexico *''Ummidia quepoa'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Costa Rica *''Ummidia quijichacaca'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Colombia *''Ummidia richmond'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia riverai'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Guatemala *''Ummidia rodeo'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Mexico *''Ummidia rongodwini'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia rosillos'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia rugosa'' (Karsch, 1880) – Nicaragua, Costa Rica *''Ummidia salebrosa'' (Simon, 1892) – St. Vincent *''Ummidia tibacuy'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Colombia *''Ummidia timcotai'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia tunapuna'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Trinidad and Tobago *''Ummidia varablanca'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – Costa Rica *''Ummidia waunekaae'' Godwin & Bond, 2021 – USA *''Ummidia zebrina'' (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) – Mexico, Guatemala *''Ummidia zilchi'' Kraus, 1955 – Mexico, El Salvador, Belize {{Div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

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Category:Halonoproctidae Category:Mygalomorphae genera Category:Spiders of Asia Category:Spiders of North America Category:Spiders of South America Category:Taxa named by Tamerlan Thorell Category:Taxa described in 1875

Ummidia

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