{{Short description|City in Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine}} {{other uses}} {{Expand Ukrainian|topic=geo|date=July 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Uman | native_name = {{lang|uk|Умань}} | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_caption = {{hlist|Clockwise from top: Church of Assumption of Mary|Former City Council|Venetian Bridge|Sofiyivka Park|Manor at Shevchenka Street, 2}} | image_flag = Flag_of_Uman,_Ukraine.svg | image_shield = Coat of arms of Uman, Ukraine.svg | mapsize = 250px | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{UKR}} | subdivision_type1 = Oblast | subdivision_name1 = Cherkasy Oblast | subdivision_type2 = Raion | subdivision_name2 = Uman Raion | image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Костел і Картинна галерея-2.jpg{{!}}Church of Assumption of Mary | photo2a = P1260252 Шевченка вул., 2.jpg | photo2b = P1260211 Міська управа.jpg | photo3a = Парк «Софіївка» P1260826.jpg | photo3b = 1.8. Венеціанський міст (мур.) P1260332.jpg | size = 275 | spacing = 2 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 0 }} | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1616 | established_title1 = Magdeburg rights | established_date1 = 1760 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Iryna Pletniova | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 41 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | population_as_of = 2022 | population_note = <ref name="ua2022estimate" /> | population_total = 81525 | population_footnotes = | population_metro = | population_density_km2 = auto | pushpin_map = Ukraine Cherkasy Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Uman | pushpin_mapsize = | coordinates = {{coord|48|45|0|N|30|13|0|E|region:UA|display=it}} | elevation_m = 166 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 20300 | area_code = +380 4744 | website = https://uman-rada.gov.ua/ | footnotes = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | mapframe-point = none | mapframe-wikidata = yes | subdivision_type3 = Hromada | subdivision_name3 = Uman urban hromada | code1_name = KATOTTH | code1_info = UA71060210010010251 }} '''Uman''' ({{langx|uk|Умань}}, {{IPA|uk|ˈumɐnʲ|IPA|audio=Uk-Умань.ogg}}, locally: {{lang|uk|Гумань}}, {{IPA|uk|ˈɦumɐnʲ|IPA}};<ref>{{Cite web|title=УМАНЬ, МІСТО ЧЕРКАСЬКОЇ ОБЛ.|url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIu&P21DBN=&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Uman_mst|access-date=2026-04-16}}</ref> {{langx|pl|Humań}}; {{langx|yi|אומאַן|rtl=yes}}) is a city in Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. It is located to the east of Vinnytsia. Located in the east of the historical region of Podolia, the city rests on the banks of the Umanka River. Uman serves as the administrative center of Uman Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Uman urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.<ref name="admreform_2020_uman">{{cite web |title=Уманська територіальна громада |url=https://decentralization.gov.ua/newgromada/4860/composition |publisher=decentralization.gov.ua |language=uk}}</ref> Population: {{Ua-pop-est2022|81,525|punct=.}}
Among Ukrainians, Uman is known for its mention in Taras Shevchenko's longest poem, ''Haidamaky'' ("The Haidamaks", 1841).<ref>Magocsi, A History of Ukraine, 1996, p297</ref> The city is also a pilgrimage site for Breslov Hasidic Jews and a major center of gardening research containing the dendrological park Sofiyivka and the University of Gardening.
==History== ===Polish rule=== Uman was first mentioned in historical documents in 1616, when it was under Polish rule.<ref name=eou>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Uman|url=http://encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\U\M\Uman.htm|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Ukraine|access-date=26 September 2011}}</ref> It was a privately owned city of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, part of the Bracław Voivodeship of the Lesser Poland Province. Its role at this time was as a defensive fort to withstand Tatar raids, containing a prominent Cossack regiment that was stationed within the town. In 1648 it was taken from the Poles by Ivan Hanzha, colonel to Cossack leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and Uman was converted to the administrative center of the Cossack regiment in the region.<ref name=eou/>
Poland retook Uman in 1667, after which the town was deserted by many of its residents who fled eastward to Left-bank Ukraine.<ref name=eou/> From 1670–1674, Uman was the residence of the Hetman of right-bank Ukraine.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}. It was part of Ottoman Empire between 1672 and 1699.
Under the ownership of the Potocki family of Polish nobles (1726–1832) Uman grew in economic and cultural importance. A Basilian monastery and school were established at this time.<ref name=eou/>
The Uman region was the site of haidamaky uprisings in 1734, 1750, and 1768.<ref name=eou/> Notably during the latter, Cossack rebels Maksym Zalizniak and Ivan Gonta captured Uman during the Koliyivshchyna uprising against Polish rule. During this revolt, a massacre took place against Jews, Poles and Ukrainian Uniates.<ref name=eou/> On the very first day large numbers of Ukrainians deserted the ranks of Polish forces and joined the rebels when the city was surrounded. Thousands from the surrounding areas fled to the Cossack garrison in Uman for protection. The military commander of Uman, Mladanovich, betrayed the city's Jews and allowed the pursuing Cossacks in, in exchange for clemency towards the Polish population.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} In the span of three days an estimated{{by whom|date=September 2012}} 20,000{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} Poles and Jews were slain with extreme cruelty, according to numerous Polish sources, with one source<ref>Paul Robert Magocsi "A History of Ukraine", Univ. of Washington Press 1996, p.300</ref> giving an estimate of 2,000 casualties.
The Polish 8th National Cavalry Brigade was garrisoned in the city in 1790.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gembarzewski|first=Bronisław|title=Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831|year=1925|language=pl|publisher=Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej|location=Warszawa|page=10}}</ref>
===19th and 20th centuries=== ====Russian rule==== With the 1793 Second Partition of Poland, Uman became part of the Russian Empire and a number of aristocratic residences were built there. In 1795, Uman became a povit/uezd center in Voznesensk Governorate, and in 1797, in Kyiv Governorate.<ref name=eou/>
Into the 20th century, Uman was linked by rail to Kyiv and Odesa, leading to the rapid development of its industrial sector.<ref name=eou/> Its population grew from 10,100 in 1860 to 29,900 in 1900 and over 50,000 in 1914.<ref name=eou/> According to the Russian census of 1897, Uman with a population of 31,016 was the second largest city of Podolia after Kamianets-Podilskyi.
==== Ukrainian People's Republic ==== {{Infobox |bodyclass = toccolours |abovestyle = background-color:#eee; text-align:center; |tnavbar=Zemli UPR |above=Pobozhzhya |image=250px |image2={{legend|#CE9DFF|Pobozhzhya on the map}} |label1=Capital |data1=Uman |label2= Founded |data2= 6 March 1918 |label3= Abolished |data3= 29 April 1918 }} '''Pobozhzhya''' was a zemlia of the Ukrainian People's Republic centered in Uman. Established on 6 March 1918 according to the Law "On the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine" approved by the Central Council of Ukraine, it was disbanded on 29 April 1918 by Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadsky, who brought back old governorate division of the Russian Empire.
The administrative unit included: * Uman and part Lypovets povits of Kiev Governorate; * Haisyn and part of Balta povits of Podolia Governorate; * part of Yelysavethrad povit of Kherson Governorate.
====Soviet rule==== In 1941, the Battle of Uman took place in the vicinity of the town, where the German army encircled Soviet positions. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini visited Uman in 1941. Uman was occupied by German forces from 1 August 1941, to 10 March 1944.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} The Germans operated the AGSSt 16 assembly center for prisoners of war in 1941, and the Stalag 349 POW camp from September 1941 to October 1943.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|pages=49, 350|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref>
In January 1989 the population was 90,596 people.<ref>[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу]</ref><ref>Умань // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 2. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.525</ref>
===Independent Ukraine=== As of 2011, the city has optical and farm-machinery plants, a cannery, a brewery, a vitamin factory, a sewing factory, a footwear factory, and other industrial enterprises. The main architectural monuments are the catacombs of the old fortress, the Basilian monastery (1764), the city hall (1780–1782), the Dormition Roman Catholic church in the Classicist style (1826), and 19th-century trading stalls.<ref name=eou/>
[[File:Yman 116.jpg|thumb|240px|Sofiyivka Park in Uman]] Uman's landmark is a famous park complex, Sofiyivka ({{langx|uk|Софiївка}}; {{langx|pl|Zofiówka}}), founded in 1796 by Count Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, a Polish noble, who named it for his wife Sofia. The park features a number of waterfalls and narrow, arching stone bridges crossing the streams and scenic ravines.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
Until 18 July 2020, Uman was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Uman Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four, the city was merged into Uman Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |date=17 July 2020 |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=uk}}</ref>
During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Uman was hit by Russian artillery on 24 February 2022, which led to the death of a cyclist. The incident was caught on camera.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine Casualties in the Hundreds As Civilians Bear Brunt of Russia's Attack |date=24 February 2022 |url=https://www.newsweek.com/russia-ukraine-putin-kyiv-attack-1682154 |publisher=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> Another Russian missile strike on 28 April 2023 hit a residential building in the city, killing at least 23 people including 6 children and injuring dozens more.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 April 2023 |title=Death toll in Uman rises to 14 including 2 children |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/04/28/7399800/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |publisher=Ukrainska Pravda}}</ref><ref name=ISW_2023-04-28>{{cite web|url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-28-2023 |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 28, 2023 |publisher=ISW |date=2023-04-28|access-date=2023-04-29 |website=understandingwar.org |author=Karolina Hird |author2=Riley Bailey |author3=Grace Mappes |author4=George Barros |author5=Layne Philipson |author6=Frederick W. Kagan |quote=Geolocated footage shows large-scale damage to a residential building in Uman, with the death toll reaching 20 civilians, including children, as of 1700 local time on April 28.}}</ref> The airstrike was quickly followed by a Telegram post by the Russian Ministry of Defense of an image of a missile launch with the caption "right on target".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-war-missile-attack-54c9ceec1418a0780aa0cee1427a540d|title=Russian missile and drone attack in Ukraine kills 23 people|first1=Andrea|last1=Rosa|first2=Hanna|last2=Arhirova|first3=David|last3=Rising|publisher=Associated Press|date=28 April 2023}}</ref>
== Demographics == {{historical populations|1897|31016|1926|43821|1939|44384|1959|44546|1970|63378|1979|78897|1989|90596|2001|88735|2011|87437|2022|81525|align=right|cols=1|source=<ref>{{cite web|title=Cities & Towns of Ukraine|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm}}</ref>}}
Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:<ref>{{cite web | language=uk | url=https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/ | title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України}}</ref><ref name=ukrcensus>{{cite web|url=http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Database/Census/databasetree_en.asp |title=All-Ukrainian population census |publisher=State Statistics Service of Ukraine |date= |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=db.ukrcensus.gov.ua |language=en }}</ref> {| class="standard" |- ! Language ! Number ! Percentage |- | Ukrainian | align="right"| 81 933 ||align="right"| 93.27% |- | Russian | align="right"| 5 600 || align="right"| 6.38% |- | Other{{ref label|rounding|a|a}} | align="right"| 310 || align="right"| 0.35% |- | Total | align="right"| 87 843 || align="right"| 100.00% |} {| |- |{{note label|rounding|a|a}} Those who did not indicate their native language or indicated a language that was native to less than 1% of the local population. |}
=== Economy === The city possesses some 21 large and 450 small businesses among which agricultural, pharmaceuticals, food and spirits companies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uman Greenhouse Works |url=https://www.utk.org.ua/en/ |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.utk.org.ua}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukrainian beer company 'Umanpivo'. Ukrainian plant for the production of beer, cider |url=https://umanpivo.ua/en |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=Umanpivo |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Jewish community === A large Jewish community lived in Uman in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the Second World War, in 1941, the Battle of Uman took place in the vicinity of the town, during which the German army encircled Soviet positions. The Germans deported the entire Jewish community, murdering around 17,000 Jews,<ref name="Rosh Hashana">[http://www.breslov.com/bri/umanrh.html#chapter4 "Uman! Uman! Rosh HaShanah! A guide to Rebbe Nachman's Rosh HaShanah in Uman".] Breslov.</ref> and completely destroyed the Jewish cemetery—the burial place of the victims of the 1768 uprising and Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. After the war, a Breslov Hasid managed to locate the Rebbe's grave and preserved it when the Soviets turned the entire area into a housing project.<ref name= "Rosh Hashana" /> Since the 1990s, a small but growing Jewish population has been concentrated around the tomb of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov on Pushkina Street. The local Jews are mostly involved in serving Jewish tourists who arrive in the town. In 2018, the community saw significant growth, with about 10–20 families from Israel, accompanied by a small movement of young American couples.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} Newcomers to the city are concentrating around Skhidna Street, with some toward the Nova Uman area. In conjunction with the community's growth, a new Yiddish-language school was established.{{Citation needed|date = June 2013}}
==== Jewish cemetery ==== The Jewish cemetery in Uman served as the burial site for local Jews, including victims of the 1768 ''Haidamak'' uprising and Rebbe Nachman of Breslov, a prominent Hasidic leader and founder of the Breslov Hasidic dynasty. The cemetery was destroyed by Nazi forces during World War II, and much of the site was later redeveloped into residential and urban infrastructure during the Soviet era. Despite extensive construction in the area, the grave of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov was preserved by members of the Breslov Hasidic community, particularly through efforts led by Reb Michel Dorfman, who organized discreet visits and obtained Soviet assurances to protect the site during development.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maimon |first=Nasan |date=2021-09-02 |title=Saving the Kever of Rebbi Nachman |url=https://anash.org/saving-the-kever-of-rebbi-nachman/ |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Anash.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, unauthorized construction continued on the former cemetery grounds, including residential and commercial developments, often without full archaeological or religious consideration. Efforts to halt further construction and to mark or preserve the cemetery have faced legal and political challenges. In 1994, a presidential decree designated the area surrounding Rebbe Nachman’s grave as a Historical and Cultural Center, prohibiting new construction. This designation was reaffirmed in 1995 by the Cherkasy Regional Council, which recognized the cemetery as a cultural monument. Despite these protections, illegal construction has continued since the 1990s. In 2024, the Uman City Council adopted a plan that significantly reduced the protected zone, raising concerns over the site’s vulnerability to further encroachment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-29 |title=Єврейські громади всього світу вимушені просити уряд США захистити їхню святиню в Умані |url=https://www.golos.com.ua/article/377754 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.golos.com.ua |language=uk}}</ref>
International Jewish organizations and other advocacy groups have called for preservation and partial restoration of the site, but enforcement has been inconsistent, and some new buildings remain atop known burial areas. The United States government has also expressed concern. The U.S. Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad, a federal agency responsible for protecting cultural sites related to the heritage of U.S. citizens, has approved a project to erect a monument on the cemetery grounds to help protect it from further desecration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uman Cemetery Marker |url=https://www.heritageabroad.gov/project/uman-cemetery-marker |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=U.S Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad |language=en-US}}</ref> The Historical and Cultural Center of Uman, established in 2022 with the participation of Hasidic community members and heritage experts, also works to preserve the site and promote awareness of its historical significance.
===Pilgrimage to Rebbe Nachman's grave=== {{main|Rosh Hashana kibbutz}} [[File:Ouman3.JPG|thumb|240px|The tomb of Nachman of Breslov]] Every Rosh Hashana, there is a major pilgrimage by tens of thousands of Hasidim and others from around the world to the burial site of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov, located on the former site of the Jewish cemetery in a rebuilt synagogue.<ref>David M. Gitlitz & Linda Kay Davidson ''Pilgrimage and the Jews'' (Westport: CT: Praeger, 2006), 115-117.</ref> Rebbe Nachman Me'Uman spent the last five months of his life in Uman,<ref>Kaplan, Aryeh (1985). "Until the Mashiach: Rabbi Nachman's biography: an annotated chronology". Jerusalem/New York: Breslov Research Institute. Chapter 24: Uman 5570 (1810).</ref> and specifically requested to be buried there. As believed by the Breslov Hasidim, before his death he solemnly promised to intercede on behalf of anyone who would come to pray on his grave on Rosh Hashana, "be he the worst of sinners"; thus, a pilgrimage to this grave provides the best chance of getting unscathed through the stern judgement which, according to Jewish faith, God passes everybody on Yom Kippur.<ref>"Anyone in the world, be he the worst and most corrupt of sinners, would he come to my grave, give a penny to charity on my behalf and chant the Ten Mizmorim, then would I overturn the very Heavens on his behalf, and from the Most High of Heights would I descend to the Deepest Depths of Hell, to pull him out" (Breslov website (Hebrew) [http://vitaminim.org/1/index.php?topic=1918.0;wap2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607104559/http://vitaminim.org/1/index.php?topic=1918.0;wap2 |date=7 June 2015 }}).</ref>
The Rosh Hashana pilgrimage dates back to 1811, when the Rebbe's foremost disciple, Nathan of Breslov, organized the first such pilgrimage on the Rosh Hashana after the Rebbe's death. The annual pilgrimage attracted hundreds of Hasidic Jews from Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and Poland throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, until the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 sealed the border between Soviet Russia (later the Ukrainian SSR within the Soviet Union) and Poland. A handful of Soviet Hasidic Jews continued to make the pilgrimage clandestinely; some were discovered by the KGB and exiled to Siberia, where they died.{{Citation needed|date = June 2013}}
The pilgrimage ceased during World War II and resumed on a drastically smaller scale in 1948. From the 1960s until end of the Cold War in 1989, several hundred American and Israeli Hasidic Jews made their way to Uman, both legally and illegally, to pray at the grave of Rebbe Nachman. In 1988, the Soviets allowed 250 men to visit the Rebbe's grave for Rosh Hashana. In 1989, over 1,000 Hasidic Jews gathered in Uman for Rosh Hashana 1989. In 1990, 2,000 attended.<ref name="Rosh Hashana"/><ref>See the article "A New Phase in Jewish-Ukrainian Relations" by Mitsuharo Akao</ref> In 2008, attendance reached 25,000 men and boys.<ref>[https://jta.org/news/article/2008/10/02/110639/umanroshhashana "Hasidic Jews celebrate holiday in Uman"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514065924/http://jta.org/news/article/2008/10/02/110639/umanroshhashana |date=2010-05-14 }} Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2009-08-01.</ref> In 2018, over 30,000 Jews made the Rosh Hashanah pilgrimage to Uman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/israel-news/1586099/30000-israelis-heading-to-uman-for-rosh-hashanah.html|title = 30,000 Israelis Heading to Uman for Rosh Hashanah|date = 5 September 2018}}</ref>
In the mid-2010s, Israelis from many sectors of Israel's Ultra-Orthodox community, including many Mizrahi Jewish rabbis, make the pilgrimage. The event brings together a wide variety of Orthodox society, from Yemenite yeshiva students, to former Israeli prison inmates, and American hippies.<ref name="jpost.com">[https://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Rosh-Hashana-in-Uman-A-Jewish-anarchy-468990 Rosh Hashana in Uman: A Jewish anarchy] By NATAN ODENHEIMER, 10/02/2016, Jerusalem Post</ref> In 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the number of pilgrims coming to Uman for Jewish New Year was approximately 10,000, or about one-third of the number in 2021.<!-- per Hromadske text in the accompanying video --><ref name=hromadske20221004>[https://twitter.com/Hromadske/status/1577281883913822213 This year's Jewish New Year celebrations in Uman were unlike the previous years], Hromadske International, via Twitter. 4 October 2022.</ref>
The annual pilgrimage is regarded as Uman's main economic industry.<ref name="slate.com">[http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/dispatches/2010/09/how_do_you_say_shofar_in_ukrainian.html] ''How Do You Say Shofar in Ukrainian? The strange and wonderful Hasidic pilgrimage to Uman, Ukraine.'', By Menachem Kaiser</ref>
==Sports and facilities== === WFC Pantery Uman === Pantery Uman is Ukrainian professional women's football club from Uman. The team play in the Top Division, and in the Women's Cup.<ref>{{cite web|title=Пантери (Умань) |url=https://womensfootball.com.ua/club/pantery-uman/ |website=womensfootball.com.ua |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref>
==Geography== ===Climate=== {{Weather box |location = Uman (1991–2020) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 12.2 |Feb record high C = 18.3 |Mar record high C = 23.6 |Apr record high C = 28.8 |May record high C = 34.3 |Jun record high C = 35.0 |Jul record high C = 38.9 |Aug record high C = 37.3 |Sep record high C = 32.8 |Oct record high C = 28.1 |Nov record high C = 21.2 |Dec record high C = 15.8 |year record high C = 38.9 |Jan high C = -0.9 |Feb high C = 0.9 |Mar high C = 6.9 |Apr high C = 15.4 |May high C = 21.5 |Jun high C = 24.9 |Jul high C = 26.8 |Aug high C = 26.5 |Sep high C = 20.6 |Oct high C = 13.4 |Nov high C = 5.8 |Dec high C = 0.6 |year high C = 13.6 |Jan mean C = -3.4 |Feb mean C = -2.3 |Mar mean C = 2.5 |Apr mean C = 9.7 |May mean C = 15.4 |Jun mean C = 19.0 |Jul mean C = 20.9 |Aug mean C = 20.1 |Sep mean C = 14.5 |Oct mean C = 8.3 |Nov mean C = 2.8 |Dec mean C = -1.8 |year mean C = 8.8 |Jan low C = -5.9 |Feb low C = -5.0 |Mar low C = -1.4 |Apr low C = 4.2 |May low C = 9.3 |Jun low C = 13.2 |Jul low C = 15.0 |Aug low C = 14.3 |Sep low C = 9.2 |Oct low C = 4.1 |Nov low C = 0.1 |Dec low C = -4.3 |year low C = 4.4 |Jan record low C = -32.2 |Feb record low C = -30.0 |Mar record low C = -23.8 |Apr record low C = -11.1 |May record low C = -3.4 |Jun record low C = 0.0 |Jul record low C = 6.0 |Aug record low C = 2.0 |Sep record low C = -6.0 |Oct record low C = -10.0 |Nov record low C = -20.0 |Dec record low C = -27.2 |year record low C = -32.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 38 |Feb precipitation mm = 34 |Mar precipitation mm = 36 |Apr precipitation mm = 41 |May precipitation mm = 52 |Jun precipitation mm = 81 |Jul precipitation mm = 68 |Aug precipitation mm = 49 |Sep precipitation mm = 61 |Oct precipitation mm = 43 |Nov precipitation mm = 43 |Dec precipitation mm = 40 |year precipitation mm = 586 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 7.6 |Feb precipitation days = 6.7 |Mar precipitation days = 7.8 |Apr precipitation days = 6.9 |May precipitation days = 8.3 |Jun precipitation days = 8.4 |Jul precipitation days = 7.8 |Aug precipitation days = 5.8 |Sep precipitation days = 6.7 |Oct precipitation days = 5.8 |Nov precipitation days = 6.3 |Dec precipitation days = 7.6 |year precipitation days = 85.7 |Jan humidity = 84.9 |Feb humidity = 81.6 |Mar humidity = 74.5 |Apr humidity = 64.4 |May humidity = 65.9 |Jun humidity = 69.1 |Jul humidity = 69.2 |Aug humidity = 66.9 |Sep humidity = 73.2 |Oct humidity = 79.3 |Nov humidity = 85.3 |Dec humidity = 86.8 |year humidity = 75.1 |source 1 = World Meteorological Organization<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250422022345/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Uman_33587.csv | archive-date = 22 April 2025 | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Uman_33587.csv | title = Uman Climate Normals 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) | publisher = World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 22 April 2025}}</ref> |source 2 = Climatebase.ru (extremes)<ref name = climatebase > {{cite web | url = http://climatebase.ru/station/33587?lang=en | title = Uman, Ukraine Climate Data | publisher = Climatebase | access-date = 5 November 2021}}</ref> }}
==Science and education== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope=row | Universities |{{flatlist}} * Tychyna Pedagogical University * University of Gardening * European University <small>(Uman campus)</small> {{endflatlist}} |- ! scope=row | Institutes and colleges |{{flatlist}} * Agrarian and Technical College * Demutsky Music College * Medical College * Shevchenko Humanitarian and Pedagogical College {{endflatlist}} |- ! scope=row | Academy of Sciences <small>(research institutes)</small> |{{flatlist}} * Sofiyivsky Park {{endflatlist}} |}
The city's highest educational institutions are the Uman National University of Horticulture and the Uman State Pedagogical University.<ref name=eou/>
==Notable people== *Ivan Gonta ({{circa|1705}}-1768) - Ukrainian rebel and commander of Uman Cossack militia * Yehuda Magidovitch (1886-1961) - Israeli architect *Nachman of Breslov - Jewish religious leader *Yuriy Smolych (1900-1976) - Ukrainian Soviet writer
==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}} Uman is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Міжнародні зв'язки|url=http://uman-rada.gov.ua/index.php/mizhnarodni-zviazky|website=uman-rada.gov.ua|publisher=Uman|language=uk|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} <!--rest - not twinning--> *{{flagicon|ISR}} Ashkelon, Israel *{{flagicon|USA}} Davis, California, United States *{{flagicon|POL}} Gniezno, Poland *{{flagicon|EST}} Haapsalu, Estonia *{{flagicon|POL}} Kórnik, Poland *{{flagicon|POL}} Łańcut, Poland *{{flagicon|UK}} Milford Haven, Wales, United Kingdom *{{flagicon|ISR}} Nof HaGalil, Israel *{{flagicon|LTU}} Radviliškis, Lithuania *{{flagicon|FRA}} Romilly-sur-Seine, France *{{flagicon|ISR}} Safed, Israel {{div col end}}
==Gallery== <gallery> File:Умань, Церква Св. Миколая (мур.), вулиця Небесної Сотні 39.jpg|Church (19th century) File:Uman-2007-08-12-02.jpg|The Ohel of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov File:Gorky Street, 35a, Uman.jpg|An office building File:71-108-0021 Uman DSC 2727.jpg|Late 19th century architecture File:Умань-ДЮСШ.JPG|School building (mid-19th century) File:Hotel Sofievskiy in Uman.JPG|Hotel Sofiivskyi File:Умань. Головний корпус УНУС (вул. Інститутська, 4).jpg|Uman University File:Lenina street, 35 (Uman).jpg|Soviet apartment blocks File:Uman Zhovtnevoi Revolutsyi 21 (2).jpg|Agrotechnical college File:Uman Zhovtnevoi Revolutsyi 35 (1).jpg|Police department File:Умань, Міська управа (мур.), Садова вул. 2.jpg|Sadova Street File:Умань Комерційний банк.jpg|Commercial Bank (mid-19th century) File:Стадіон імені Котовського 3.jpg|{{center|Tsentralnyi Stadium}} </gallery>
==See also== *Sofiyivka Park – a landscape park near the city
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Bibliography== * {{in lang|uk}} (1972) ''Історіа міст і сіл Української CCP - Черкаська область (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR - Cherkasy Oblast)'', Kyiv.
==External links== {{Commons category|Uman}} {{wikivoyage|Uman}} {{in lang|en}} [http://encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\U\M\Uman.htm Uman] in the [http://encyclopediaofukraine.com Encyclopedia of Ukraine] *{{in lang|uk}} [http://uman.info/ Uman informational portal] *{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.vch-uman.in.ua/ Evening Uman. Uman informational portal and newspaper] *{{in lang|uk}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150810045729/http://media-uman.com/ Uman photos. Uman biggest photos collection portal] *{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.youtube.com/user/UmanchaninIgor Uman videos. YouTube channel of videos of Uman] *[https://www.algemeiner.com/2023/09/05/the-remarkable-and-tragic-history-of-a-ukrainian-jewish-town/ The Remarkable-And Tragic History-Of a Ukrainian Jewish Town] *{{in lang|en}} [http://www.humania.com.ua/ua/index.php?newlang=english All about Uman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026195623/http://www.humania.com.ua/ua/index.php?newlang=english |date=2007-10-26 }} *[http://jewua.org/uman/ History of Jewish Community in Uman] *[http://umanshalom.co.il/ Uman News and informational portal ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204003109/http://www.umanshalom.co.il/ |date=4 February 2017 }} {{Cherkasy Oblast}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Uman Category:Cities in Cherkasy Oblast Category:Breslov Hasidism Category:Jewish pilgrimage sites Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine Category:Populated places established in 1616 Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Category:1616 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine