Ulvales

{{Short description|Order of algae}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Ulva lactuca - Sowerby.jpg | image_caption = ''Ulva'' | taxon = Ulvales | authority = Blackman & Tansley | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision_ref = <ref name="Algaebase">{{cite web | url = http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=4584 | publisher = AlgaeBase version 4.2 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway | access-date = 2018-04-09 | title = Order: Ulvales taxonomy browser |author1=Guiry, M.D. |author2=Guiry, G.M. |name-list-style=amp | year = 2007 }}</ref> | subdivision = * Bolbocoleonaceae * Cloniophoraceae * Ctenocladaceae * Kornmanniaceae * Phaeophilaceae * Ulvaceae * Ulvellaceae }}

'''Ulvales''' is an order of green algae in the class Ulvophyceae. Algae of this order are most commonly found in aquatic habitats (mainly marine or brackish waters); some are found in fresh water or are terrestrial. They are found free-floating, attached to a substrate, or endophytic.<ref name=Skaloud/> Well-known examples include ''Ulva'' (including ''Enteromorpha''), which is commonly known as sea lettuce and is a ubiquitous seaweed.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hayden |first1=Hillary S. |last2=Waaland |first2=J. Robert |title=Phylogenetic systematics of the Ulvaceae (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences |journal=Journal of Phycology |date=2002 |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=1200–1212 |doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01167.x}}</ref>

The Ulvales consist of macroscopic or microscopic algae with diverse morphologies (filamentous, pseudoparenchymatous, tubular or blade-like). Cells generally contain a single parietally placed chloroplast with one or multiple pyrenoids, and one or multiple nuclei.<ref name=Skaloud/>

Asexual reproduction occurs via biflagellate or quadriflagellate zoospores. Sexual reproduction is variable, but has not been reported from all taxa. Sexual reproduction is isogamous or anisogamous, with gametes (which are biflagellate) being formed from unisexual or bisexual thalli. The cell cycle is diplohaplontic, and generations may be isomorphic or heteromorphic.<ref name=Skaloud/>

==Phylogeny== Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest the following relationships between families:<ref name=Skaloud>{{cite book | last1 = Škaloud | first1 = Pavel | last2 = Rindi | first2 = Fabio | last3 = Boedeker | first3 = Christian | last4 = Leliaert | first4 = Frederik | title = Chlorophyta: Ulvophyceae | series = Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa | volume = 13 | publisher = Springer Spektrum | location = Berlin, Germany | year = 2018 | isbn = 978-3-662-55494-4 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-662-55495-1 | url = https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-55495-1 | pages=i-x, 1–289 }}</ref>

{{clade |1= {{clade |label1=Ulvales |1= {{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Ulvaceae |2=Ulvellaceae }} |2=Cloniophoraceae }} |2={{clade |1=Bolbocoleonaceae |2=Kornmanniaceae }} }} |2={{clade |1=Phaeophilaceae |2=Ctenocladaceae }} }} |2=Chlorocystidales (outgroup) }} }}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * {{cite web|title=Ulvales|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=9331|website=ITIS Report|publisher=Integrated Taxonomic Information System|access-date=24 April 2015}} * {{cite web|title=Bibliography for Ulvales by Page|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Ulvales|website=Biodiversity Heritage Library|access-date=24 April 2015}}

Category:Ulvales Category:Chlorophyta orders