Ulaangom

{{Short description|District and provincial capital of Uvs Province, Mongolia}} {{Infobox settlement  | name = Ulaangom | native_name = {{nativename|mn|'''Улаангом'''}}<br>{{nativename|xal|'''Уланһом'''}}<br>{{lower|0.2em|{{MongolUnicode|ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠮ}}}} | native_name_lang = mn | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Districts of Mongolia|District]] | official_name = {{raise|0.1em|Ulaangom District}}<br>{{lang|xal|Уланһом сум}}<br>{{lower|0.2em|{{MongolUnicode|ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠮ}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠰᠤᠮᠤ}}}} | translit_lang1 = Official Cyrillic | translit_lang1_type = [[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|Mongolian Cyrillic]] | translit_lang1_info = {{lang|mn|Улаангом сум}} | translit_lang2 = Classical Mongolian | translit_lang2_type = [[Mongolian script]] | translit_lang2_info = {{lower|0.2em|{{MongolUnicode|ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠮ}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠰᠤᠮᠤ}}}} | motto =  | image_skyline = Panoramic view of Ulaangom.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Panoramic view of Ulaangom in 2020 | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Mongolia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Mongolia | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_mapsize =  | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Mongolia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Mongolia|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Uvs Province]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 =  | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 =  | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1686 | established_title2 =  | established_date2 = | established_title3 =  | established_date3 =  | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 =  | area_land_km2 =  | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = 46 | area_urban_sq_mi = 17.761 | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi =  | population_as_of = 2024 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 39045 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi =  | timezone = [[Time in Mongolia|HOVT]] | utc_offset = +07:00 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|49|59|11|N|92|04|19|E|region:MN|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes =  | elevation_m = 939 | elevation_ft =  | postal_code_type =  | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = }}

'''Ulaangom''' ({{IPAc-en|ʊ|ˈ|l|aː|n|g|ə|m}}; {{langx|mn|Улаангом}} {{IPA|mn|ʊˈɮaˑɴɢɜm|}}; {{langx|xal|Уланһом}} {{IPA|mn|ʊˈlaŋɣɔm|}}) is the capital of [[Uvs Province]] in Mongolia. It is located on the slopes of the [[Kharkhiraa|Kharkhiraa mountain]], {{convert|26|km|mi|0|}} southwest from [[Uvs Lake]] shore and {{convert|120|km|mi|-1|disp=or}} south from the [[Russia]]n border.

== Description == The city has a population of 37,754 (2022 census), 26,319 (2000 census), 23,000 (2006 est.),<ref>Ministry of Health of Mongolia. National Center for Health Development. Health Indicators 2006 {{cite web|url=http://www.nchd.mn/pdf/uzuulelt/2006.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025091501/http://www.nchd.mn/pdf/uzuulelt/2006.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-25 }}</ref> 22,300 (end of 2008 est.)<ref>[http://www.statis.mn/portal/content_files/comppmedia/cdoc0x347.doc Uvs Aimag Statistical Office.2008 Annual Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722220953/http://www.statis.mn/portal/content_files/comppmedia/cdoc0x347.doc |date=2011-07-22 }}</ref> or 37.8% of the total population of Uvs aimag. It is divided into two [[suburban]] areas named Chandmani ({{lang|mn|Чандмань}}) and Uliasny Khev ({{lang|mn|Улиасны Хэв}}).

A Consulate of [[Tuva Republic]] of [[Russia]] is located in Ulaangom, and a Representative Office of Uvs Province in [[Kyzyl]], the capital of Tuva.

== History == Ulaangom is believed to have been founded in 1686. The foundation of the Ulaangom Monastery was erected in 1871 as Dechinravjaa Monastery. Historical evidence indicates that there were grain plantations in operation in late 17th century in the area of Ulaangom.<ref> {{cite journal|title=The Physical Remains of the Zunghar Legacy in Central Eurasia: Some Notes from the Field |journal=Paper Presented at the Social and Environmental Changes on the Mongolian Plateau Workshop, Canberra, ACT, Australia |last1=Haines |first1=R Spencer |date=2016 |publisher=The Australian National University }}</ref>

==Climate== Ulaangom experiences an extremely continental cold [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk'') with long, dry, frigid winters and short, warm summers. Precipitation is very low, with an annual average of {{convert|130|mm|in|2|disp=or}}. Owing to its location in a deep valley near the center of the Siberian High, Ulaangom is subject to [[inversion (meteorology)|temperature inversions]] reaching up to {{convert|13.0|C-change|F-change|disp=or}} colder than middle and upper mountain slopes. It is thus one of the coldest places in Mongolia<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Gerelchuluun Bayasgalan|author2=Ahn Joong-Bae|title=Air temperature distribution over Mongolia using dynamical downscaling and statistical correction|journal=International Journal of Climatology|volume=34|pages=2464–2476|year=2014}}</ref> despite lying at a lower altitude than most of the country. Temperatures can reach {{convert|−45|°C|°F}} or lower in the winter and {{convert|35|°C|°F}} or more in the summer.{{Citation needed|reason=NOAA records suggest a high of 36.4˚C are there records of temperatures reaching this high?|date=January 2013}}

{{Weather box|width = auto |location = Ulaangom, elevation {{convert|939|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1990–2023) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = -2.2 |Feb record high C = -4.6 |Mar record high C = 13.4 |Apr record high C = 28.0 |May record high C = 35.9 |Jun record high C = 36.5 |Jul record high C = 38.2 |Aug record high C = 38.4 |Sep record high C = 30.8 |Oct record high C = 24.6 |Nov record high C = 15.9 |Dec record high C = 7.1 |Jan high C = -25.6 |Feb high C = -20.9 |Mar high C = -9.0 |Apr high C = 9.6 |May high C = 19.5 |Jun high C = 25.8 |Jul high C = 27.1 |Aug high C = 24.8 |Sep high C = 17.9 |Oct high C = 8.4 |Nov high C = -4.5 |Dec high C = -19.0 | year high C = |Jan mean C = -31.4 |Feb mean C = -28.0 |Mar mean C = -15.9 |Apr mean C = 2.9 |May mean C = 12.1 |Jun mean C = 18.6 |Jul mean C = 20.6 |Aug mean C = 17.7 |Sep mean C = 10.5 |Oct mean C = 1.7 |Nov mean C = -8.7 |Dec mean C = -23.4 | year mean C = |Jan low C = -36.4 |Feb low C = -33.9 |Mar low C = -22.1 |Apr low C = -2.8 |May low C = 4.2 |Jun low C = 10.6 |Jul low C = 13.5 |Aug low C = 10.5 |Sep low C = 3.9 |Oct low C = -4.0 |Nov low C = -13.1 |Dec low C = -28.5 | year low C = |Jan record low C = −49.6 |Feb record low C = -47.7 |Mar record low C = −41.7 |Apr record low C = -24.7 |May record low C = -8.3 |Jun record low C = -3.1 |Jul record low C = 1.7 |Aug record low C = -6.3 |Sep record low C = -8.7 |Oct record low C = -22.5 |Nov record low C = −35.3 |Dec record low C = −45.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 2.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 2.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 4.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 4.4 |May precipitation mm = 7.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 19.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 39.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 29.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 10.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 6.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 9.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 5.8 |year precipitation mm = 142.6 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1.4 |Feb precipitation days = 1.3 |Mar precipitation days = 2.0 |Apr precipitation days = 1.6 |May precipitation days = 1.8 |Jun precipitation days = 4.3 |Jul precipitation days = 6.5 |Aug precipitation days = 5.7 |Sep precipitation days = 2.6 |Oct precipitation days = 2.3 |Nov precipitation days = 3.4 |Dec precipitation days = 2.4 |year precipitation days = 35.3 |Jan humidity = 70.4 |Feb humidity = 71.7 |Mar humidity = 76.5 |Apr humidity = 56.2 |May humidity = 40.7 |Jun humidity = 45.6 |Jul humidity = 52.2 |Aug humidity = 55.9 |Sep humidity = 56.3 |Oct humidity = 64.6 |Nov humidity = 77.0 |Dec humidity = 75.2 |year humidity = 61.9 |Jan sun = 117.7 |Feb sun = 152.3 |Mar sun = 214.0 |Apr sun = 247.0 |May sun = 302.8 |Jun sun = 306.3 |Jul sun = 292.1 |Aug sun = 287.9 |Sep sun = 252.4 |Oct sun = 196.0 |Nov sun = 78.0 |Dec sun = 70.8 |year sun = 2517.3 |source 1 =[[NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web |url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Mongolia/CSV/Ulaangom_44212.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = January 20, 2024}}</ref>Starlings Roost Weather<ref>{{cite web |url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/worldclimate/graphs.php?climate=9120&code=44212 |title=ULAANGOM Climate: 1991–2020 |publisher=Starlings Roost Weather |access-date=3 January 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> |source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat> {{cite web | url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-1778-1957-2023.php | title = Station Ulaangom | publisher = Meteo Climat | language = fr | access-date = 10 October 2018}}</ref> |date=August 2014}}

== Culture == The city has monuments from the [[communist]] era, such as a monument of [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]], who was born in Uvs aimag and led the country for more than 40 years, in front of the Provincial Government Building. There are many educational and cultural organizations and institutions in the city. There is a branch of a university, a vocational college and 5 secondary schools.

==Tourist attractions== * [[Museum of Uvs Province]]

== Transportation == [[File:Ulaangom Airport Deglii Tsagaan.jpg|thumb|[[Ulaangom Airport]]]] Ulaangom is connected to the Russian border by highway, and imports its electricity from the Russian Federation. The old airport is no longer in service. New [[Ulaangom Airport]] is called Deglii Tsagaan and it is situated north of the city. The new runway and terminal were completed in June 2011 and the first jetliner of [[Eznis Airways]] landed on June 26, 2011 from Ulaanbaatar. As of May 2017, [[Hunnu Air]] was the only airline that had regular scheduled flight from [[Ulaanbaatar]].

==Notable natives== * [[Norovyn Altankhuyag]], 25th [[Prime Minister of Mongolia]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{commons category}} {{Wikivoyage|Ulaangom}} {{Districts of Uvs}} {{Provincial capitals of Mongolia}} {{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ulaangom| ]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1686]] [[Category:1686 establishments in Asia]]