{{Short description|Fossil site in Haenam-eup, South Korea}} {{Infobox rockunit | name = Uhangri Formation | image = | caption = | type = Geological formation | age = Campanian<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=C.B.|last2=Kim|first2=J.M.|last3=Huh|first3=M.|title=Age and stratification of dinosaur eggs and clutches from Seonso Formation, South Korea|journal=Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society|date=2008 |volume=29|issue=5|pages=386–395|url=https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200835741867614.pdf|doi=10.5467/JKESS.2008.29.5.386}}</ref><br>{{fossil range|81|79}} | period = Campanian | prilithology = Sandstone | otherlithology = Shale | namedfor = Uhangri, Haenam | namedby = | region = Haenam, Jeollanam-do | country = South Korea | coordinates = {{coord|34.6|N|126.4|E|display=inline,title}} | paleocoordinates = {{coord|38.5|N|115.0|E|display=inline}} | unitof = Haenam Group | subunits = | underlies = Hwangsan Tuff | overlies = Andesitic Tuff | thickness = 400 meters | extent = | area = | map = {{Location map+ | South Korea | relief = 1 | width = 250 | float = center | places = {{Location map~ | South Korea | lat_deg = 34.6 | lon_deg = 126.4 | mark = Lightgreen pog.svg | marksize = 10 }} }} | map_caption = }} The '''Uhangri Formation''' ({{Korean|hangul=우항리층|rr=Uhangni-cheung|hanja=牛項里層}}), located at the Haenam, Jeollanam-do, South Korea is a non-marine geological formation known with epiclastic fluvio-lacustrine sequence with minor volcaniclastics.<ref name="CC95">{{cite journal |last1=Chun |first1=Seung Soo |last2=Chough |first2=Sung Kwun |title=The Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, SW Korea: lacustrine margin facies |journal=Sedimentology |date=April 1995 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=293–322 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3091.1995.tb02104.x}}</ref> Ichnofossils are found in the upper part of the Uhangri Formation, and they are associated with ripple marks, indicating the part of the formation was the shallow lake margin.<ref name="HHLUW02" />
== Fossil contents == === Ichnofossils === Pterosaur, dinosaur, and bird tracks are preserved in situ, nearby the Haenam Uhangri Dinosaur Museum. Unnamed tracks of theropods, sauropods and ornithopods are known from the Uhangri Formation.<ref name="HHPCK03">{{cite journal |last1=Huh |first1=Min |last2=Hwang |first2=Koo Geun |last3=Paik |first3=In Sung |last4=Chung |first4=Chull Hwan |last5=Kim |first5=Bo Seong |title=Dinosaur tracks from the Cretaceous of South Korea: Distribution, occurrences and paleobiological significance |journal=Island Arc |date=June 2003 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=132–144 |doi=10.1046/j.1440-1738.2003.00386.x}}</ref> Star-shaped dinosaur trackway with an unknown trackmaker has been discovered and described. It is unsure whether it represents manus-only trackway made by a sauropod trackmaker during swimming,<ref name="LH02">{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Yuong-Nam |last2=Huh |first2=Min |title=Manus-only sauropod tracks in the Uhangri Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Korea and their paleobiological implications |journal=Journal of Paleontology |date=2002 |volume=76 |issue=3 |page=558-564 |doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2002)0762.0.CO;2 |url=https://doc.rero.ch/record/14948/files/PAL_E2095.pdf}}</ref><ref name="LL06">{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Yuong-Nam |last2=Lee |first2=Hang-Jae |title=A sauropod trackway in Donghae-Myeon, Goseong county, south Gyeongsang province, Korea and its plaeobiological implications of Uhangri manus-only sauropod tracks |journal=Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea |date=2006 |volume=22 |issue=1 |page=1-14 |url=https://doc.rero.ch/record/31719/files/PAL_E1243.pdf}}</ref> or undertracks made by an ornithopod trackmaker.<ref name="HLHP08">{{cite journal |last1=Hwang |first1=Koo-Geun |last2=Lockley |first2=Martin G. |last3=Huh |first3=Min |last4=Paik |first4=In Sung |title=A reinterpretation of dinosaur footprints with internal ridges from the Upper Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, Korea |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |date=13 February 2008 |volume=258 |issue=1 |pages=59–70 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.10.029}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="6" align="center" | '''Ichnofossils of the Uhangri Formation''' |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !! Description !! Images |- |rowspan=2| ''Haenamichnus''<ref name="HHLUW02">{{cite journal |last1=Hwang |first1=Koo-Geun |last2=Huh |first2=Min |last3=Lockley |first3=Martin G. |last4=Unwin |first4=David M. |last5=Wright |first5=Joanna L. |title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea |journal=Geological Magazine |date=July 2002 |volume=139 |issue=4 |pages=421–435 |doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647 |url=https://doc.rero.ch/record/15339/files/PAL_E2675.pdf}}</ref> | ''H. uhangriensis'' | Site P2 | Pes size 350mm, consistent with gigantic azhdarchid pterosaurs. Pad impressions present on pes. | |- | ''H''. isp. | Site P1, Site P4 and Site P9 | Pes size 200-220mm, consistent with azhdarchid pterosaurs wingspan of 5-6m. Length of the trackway from Site P9 is 7.3 meters long, representing the longest pterosaur trackway. | |- | ''Hwangsanipes''<ref name="YLGEL95">{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Seong‐Young |last2=Lockley |first2=Martin G. |last3=Greben |first3=Rebecca |last4=Erickson |first4=Bruce R. |last5=Lim |first5=Seong‐Kyu |title=Flamingo and duck‐like bird tracks from the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary: Evidence and implications |journal=Ichnos |date=April 1995 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=21–34 |doi=10.1080/10420949509380111}}</ref> | ''H. choughi'' | | Ornithuromorph bird tracks with webbings. | |- | ''Uhangrichnus''<ref name="YLGEL95" /> | ''U. chuni'' | | Ornithuromorph bird tracks without webbings. | |- | ''Caririchnium'' | ''C.'' isp. | | Ornithopod tracks | |- | ''Lithographus''<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Nicholas J. |last1=Minter|first2=Martin G. |last2=Lockley|first3=Min |last3=Huh|first4=Koo-Geun|last4=Hwang |first5=Jeong Yul |last5=Kim|year=2012|title=''Lithographus'', an Abundant Arthropod Trackway from the Cretaceous Haenam Tracksite of Korea|journal=Ichnos|volume=19|issue=1–2|pages=115–120|doi=10.1080/10420940.2011.625756|bibcode=2012Ichno..19..115M |s2cid=129177512 }}</ref> | ''L. hieroglypichus'' | | Arthropod tracks, associated with burrows and a resting trace. Possibly made by Dragonfly nymphs.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jung |first1=Jongyun |last2=Huh |first2=Min |last3=Choi |first3=Byung-Do |title=A comparative study on tracemaker of arthropod trace fossils in the Uhangri Formation, Haenam, Korea |journal=Journal of the Geological Society of Korea |date=29 February 2020 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=3–16 |doi=10.14770/jgsk.2020.56.1.3}}</ref> | |}
=== Ostracods === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="5" align="center" | '''Ostracods of the Uhangri Formation'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Choi |first1=Byung-Do |last2=Wang |first2=Yaqiong |year=2025 |title=Cretaceous non-marine ostracod faunas of South Korea: Synthesis of taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleoecology|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019566712400243X |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=168 |at=106070 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106070|url-access=subscription }}</ref> |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !! Description !! Images |- | ''Cypridea'' | ''C.'' sp. | | | |- | ''Candona'' | ''C.'' sp. | | | |- | ''Eucythere'' | ''E.'' sp. | | | |}
=== Paleoflora === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="5" align="center" | '''Plants of the Uhangri Formation'''<ref name=Kim&Huh2018>{{cite book|last1=Kim|first1=Jeong Yul|last2=Huh|first2=Min|year=2018|title=Dinosaurs, Birds, and Pterosaurs of Korea: A Paradise of Mesozoic Vertebrates|url=https://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-dinosaurs.pdf|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-981-10-6998-7}}</ref> |- ! Genus !! Species !! Presence !! Description !! Images |- | ''Cupressinoxylon'' | ''C. uhangriense'' | | | |- | ''Taxodioxylon'' | ''T''. cf. ''nihongii'' | | | |- |}
== See also == * List of fossil sites
== References == {{Reflist|3}}
== External links == * [http://uhangridinopia.haenam.go.kr/eng/ Haenam Uhangri Dinosaur Museum]
Category:Geologic formations of South Korea Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of Asia Category:Campanian Stage Category:Santonian Stage Category:Sandstone formations Category:Shale formations Category:Lacustrine deposits Category:Ichnofossiliferous formations Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Asia Category:Paleontology in South Korea Formations