Jagera people

{{Short description|Aboriginal Australian people}} {{Use Australian English|date=June 2020}} {{use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} alt=Watson in the 1940s collated historical information to create his Vocabularies of four representative tribes of South Eastern Queensland – he groups the Brisbane languages under the umbrella term of Yugarabul.|thumb|Watson in the 1940s collated historical information to create his ''Vocabularies of four representative tribes of South Eastern Queensland''{{sfn|Watson|1944}} – he groups the Brisbane languages under the umbrella term of Yugarabul.

The '''Jagera''' people, also written '''Yagarr''', '''Yaggera''', '''Yuggera''', '''Yagara''', '''Yugara''' and other variants, are the Australian First Nations people who speak the Yugara language. The Yagara / Yugara Language Group includes the Jagera, Yuggera People. The Yagara language encompasses a number of dialects spoken by the traditional owners of the territories from Moreton Bay to the base of the Toowoomba ranges including the city of Brisbane. There is debate over whether the Turrbal people of the Brisbane area should be considered a subgroup of the Jagera or a separate people.{{Sfn|Watson|1944|pp=4-5}}{{Sfn|AustLII|2015|loc=paragraphs 36-37, 40-43}}

==Language== Yuggera belongs to the Durubalic subgroup of the Pama–Nyungan languages, and is sometimes treated as the language of the Brisbane area.{{sfn|Dixon|Ramson|Thomas|2006|p=42}} However, Turrbal is also sometimes used as the name for the Brisbane language or the Yugerra dialects of the Brisbane area.{{Sfn|Tindale|1974|p=169}}{{Sfn|Steele|2015|pp=85, 121}}{{Sfn|Dixon|2002|p=xxxiv}}{{Sfn|Bowern|2013|pp=lix, lxiv}} The Australian English word "yakka" (loosely meaning "work", as in "hard yakka") came from the Yuggera language (''yaga'', "strenuous work").{{sfn|Dixon|Ramson|Thomas|2006|p=209}}

According to Tom Petrie, who provided several pages listing words and placenames in the languages spoken in the area of Brisbane (''Mianjin''),{{sfn|Petrie|Petrie|1904|pp=315–319}} ''yaggaar'' was the local word for "no".{{sfn|Petrie|Petrie|1904|p=319}} (The word for "no" in Aboriginal languages was often an ethnonymic marker of difference between Aboriginal groups.){{sfn|Petrie|Petrie|1904|p=319}} Mianjin is a Yuggera/Turrbal word meaning "spike place" or "tulip wood". It was used for the area now covered by Gardens Point and the Brisbane central business district.{{Sfn|Steele|2015|pp=122, 129}}{{sfn|Petrie|Petrie|1904|pp=315–319}} The Yuggera word for the Aboriginal people of Brisbane was Miguntyun.{{sfn|The Queenslander|1934|p=13}}

Ludwig Leichhardt recorded the name for the land holding area from Gardens Point to Breakfast Creek as Megandsin or Makandschin.{{Sfn|Jefferies|2013|p=640}}

==Country== The precise territorial boundaries of the Jagera are not clear.{{Sfn|AustLII|2015|loc=paragraphs 35-37}}{{Sfn|Ford|Blake|1998|p=11}} Norman Tindale defined the "Jagara" (Jagera) lands as encompassing the area around the Brisbane River from the Cleveland district west to the dividing range and north to the vicinity of Esk.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=169}} According to Watson, the "Yugarabul tribe" (Jagera) inhabited the territories from Moreton Bay to Toowoomba to the west, extending almost to Nanango in the northwest.{{sfn|Crump|2015}} He also describes their territory as "the basins of the Brisbane and Caboolture Rivers" and states that a sub-group of the Yugarabul was the "Turaubul" (Turrbal) people whose territory included the site of the modern city of Brisbane.{{Sfn|Watson|1944|pp=4-5}} According to Steele, the territory of the "Yuggera people" (Jagera) extended south to the Logan river, north almost to Caboolture and west to Toowoomba.{{Sfn|Steele|2015|p=xiv}} However, he considered that Turrbal speakers covered much of Brisbane from the Logan river to the Pine river.{{Sfn|Steele|2015|p=121}} Ford and Blake state that the Jagera and Turrbal were distinct peoples, the Jagera generally living south of the Brisbane river and the Turrbal mostly living north.{{Sfn|Ford|Blake|1998|p=11}}

At the time of European settlement, the Jagera people comprised local groups each of which had a specific territory.{{Sfn|Watson|1944|pp=4-5}} The European names for the locality groups, sometimes called clans, of the Brisbane area include the Coorpooroo, Chepara, Yerongpan and others.{{Sfn|Steele|2015|p=121}}{{sfn|Crump|2015}}

Jagera territory adjoined that of the Wakka Wakka and the Gubbi Gubbi (also written Kabi Kabi or Gabi Gabi) to the north, and that of the Yugambeh and the Bundjalung people to the south.{{Sfn|Steele|2015|p=46, 85}}

==Native title==

{{further|Native title in Australia}} Descendants of both the Jagera (Yugara) and the Turrbal consider themselves traditional custodians of the land over which much of Brisbane is built.{{sfn|Riga|2015}} Native claim applications were lodged respectively by the Turrbal in 1998 and the Jagera in 2011, and the two separate claims were combined in 2013.{{sfn|Riga|2015}} In January 2015, Justice Christopher Jessup for the Federal Court of Australia, in ''Sandy on behalf of the Yugara People v State of Queensland (No 2)'',{{sfn|AustLII|2015}} rejected the claims on the basis that under traditional law, which was now lacking, none of the claimants would be considered to have such a land right.{{sfn|Riga|2015}} The decision was appealed before the full bench of the Federal Court, which on 25 July 2017 rejected both appeals, confirming the 2015 decision that native title does not exist in the greater Brisbane area.{{sfn|Singleton|Testro|2017}}{{sfn|CCW|2017}}{{sfn|Carseldine|2017}}{{sfn|NNTT|2015}}

An Indigenous land use agreement (ILUA) was signed over the site of the historic 1843 Battle of One Tree Hill, now known as Table Top Mountain, when the warrior Multuggerah from the Ugarapul tribe and a group of men ambushed and won a battle with settlers in the area. The ILUA was signed between Toowoomba City Council and a body representing the "Jagera, Yuggera and Ugarapul people" as the traditional owners of the area, in 2008 {{harv|Ilua|2008}}.

==Variant names and spellings== * ''Jagarabal'' (''jagara'' = no) * ''Jergarbal'' * ''Yagara'' * ''Yaggara'' * ''Yuggara'' * ''Yugg-ari'' * ''Yackarabul'' * ''Turubul'' (language name) * ''Turrbal'' * ''Turrubul'' * ''Turrubal'' * ''Terabul'' * ''Torbul'' * ''Turibul'' * ''Yerongban'' * ''Yeronghan'' * ''Ninghi'' * ''Yerongpan''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=169}} * ''Biriin''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|pp=169,171}}

==Place names== [[File:Map of Traditional Lands of Australian Aboriginal peoples in SE Qld.png|thumb|Traditional lands of Aboriginal Australians around Brisbane]]

* Meebatboogan, Mount Greville, Moogerah Peaks National Park * Cooyinnirra, Mount Mitchell, Main Range National Park * Booroongapah, Flinders Peak, Flinders Peak Group * Ginginbaar, Mount Blaine, Flinders Peak Group

==Notable people== * Multuggerah, 19th-century warrior * Hon. Neville Bonner, former Australian senator, Jagera elder{{sfn|Rolls|Johnson|2010|p=38}} * Jeanie Bell, Australian linguist{{sfn|Russo|2015|p=215}} * Faye Carr, 2017 National NAIDOC Awards Winner Female Elder of the Year{{sfn|Queensland Govt|2017}}{{sfn|Morelli|2017}}{{sfn|Zhou|2017}} * Latia Schefe, 2017 National NAIDOC Awards Winner Youth of the Year{{sfn|Queensland Govt|2017}}{{sfn|ABC News|2017}}{{sfn|Zhou|2017}} * Susan McCarthy, originally Bunjoey, daughter of Moonpago{{sfn|The Courier-Mail|1947|p=2}}{{sfn|The Telegraph|1936|p=11}}{{efn|Bunjoey was the original informant for the stories in Edin Bell's ''Legends of the Coochin Valley''. Bell identified the local tribe around Wallaces Creek, as ''Ugarapul'', a form that has not gained acceptance in later Aboriginal studies.}}

* Uncle Desmond Sandy, Aunty Ruth James and Aunty Pearl Sandy, claimants in the 2015 native title case{{sfn|AustLII|2015}}

==Notes== {{notelist}}

===Citations=== {{Reflist|20em}}

==Sources== {{refbegin|30em}} *{{Cite news| title = Aboriginal Language | newspaper = The Queenslander | location = Brisbane | page = 13 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23331938 | via = Trove | date = 18 January 1934 | access-date = 27 October 2017 | ref = {{harvid|The Queenslander|1934}} }} *{{Cite book| title = Legends of the Coochin Valley | last = Bell | first = Edin | year = 1946 | publisher = Bunyip Press | url = http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21312648?selectedversion=NBD2267501 | via = Trove }} *{{Cite book |title=The Oxford Guide to Australian Languages |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780198824978 |editor-last=Bowern |editor-first=Claire}} *{{Cite web| title = Negative determination of native title over Brisbane upheld | last = Carseldine | first = Amy | publisher = Crown Law (Queensland Govt) | url = http://www.crownlaw.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/yugara | date = 18 September 2017 | access-date = 31 October 2017 }} *{{Cite web| title = Aboriginal languages of the Greater Brisbane Area | last = Crump | first = Des | publisher = State Library of Queensland | series = Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages | url = http://blogs.slq.qld.gov.au/ilq/2015/03/16/aboriginal-languages-of-the-greater-brisbane-area/ | date = 16 March 2015 | access-date = 31 October 2017 }} *{{Cite book| title = Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development | last = Dixon | first = Robert M. W. | year = 2002 | author-link = Robert M. W. Dixon | publisher = Cambridge University Press | volume = 1 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MSqIBNJtG0AC&pg=PR33 | isbn = 978-0-521-47378-1 }} *{{Cite book| title = Australian Aboriginal Words in English: Their Origin and Meaning | edition = 2nd | last1 = Dixon | first1 = R. M. W. | last2 = Ramson | first2 = W.S. | last3 = Thomas | first3 = Mandy | author1-link = Robert M. W. Dixon | year = 2006 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-195-54073-4 }} *{{Cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Roger |title=Indigenous Peoples in Southeast Queensland: an annotated guide to ethno-historical sources |last2=Blake |first2=Thom |publisher=The Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action |year=1998 |isbn=1876487003 |location=Woolloonbabba, Qld}} *{{Cite book| title = Leichhardt, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1813–1849) | edition = 2: 1788–1850 I-Z | last = Erdos | first = Renee | year = 1967 | publisher = Australian National University | location = Melbourne | via = Australian Dictionary of Biography | url = https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/leichhardt-ludwig-2347 | pages = 102–104 | isbn = 0-522-84236-4 }} *{{Cite web| title = Full Federal Court determines native title does not exist over a large part of greater Brisbane | publisher = Corrs Chambers Westgarth | url = http://www.corrs.com.au/publications/corrs-in-brief/full-federal-court-determines-native-title-does-not-exist-over-a-large-part-of-greater-brisbane/ | date = 26 September 2017 | access-date = 31 October 2017 | ref = {{harvid|CCW|2017}} }} *{{Cite book| title = The native tribes of South-East Australia | last = Howitt | first = A. W. (Alfred William) | year = 1904 | others = Robarts – University of Toronto | publisher = Macmillan | location = London | url = https://archive.org/details/nativetribesofso00howiuoft | via = Internet Archive }} *{{Cite journal |last=Jefferies |first=Anthony |date=2013 |title=Leichhardt: His contribution to Australian Aboriginal linguistics and ethnography 1843-44 |journal=Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Culture |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=633–652 |issn=1440-4788}} *{{Cite news| title = Indigenous land use agreement signed in Toowoomba | publisher = National Native Title Tribunal | url = http://www.nntt.gov.au/news-and-communications/media-releases/pages/indigenouslanduseagreementsignedintoowoomba.aspx | date = 27 February 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140211230619/http://www.nntt.gov.au/news-and-communications/media-releases/pages/indigenouslanduseagreementsignedintoowoomba.aspx | access-date = 30 May 2022 | archive-date = 11 February 2014 | ref = {{harvid|Ilua|2008}} }} *{{cite news| title = Last of Her Tribe-- Ugaraphul Princess Buried At Coochin | newspaper = The Telegraph | location = Brisbane | page = 11 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article182340674 | via = National Library of Australia | date = 30 May 1936 | access-date = 19 May 2017 | ref = {{harvid|The Telegraph|1936}} }} *{{Cite book| title = Voices in the Wilderness: Images of Aboriginal People in the Australian Media | last = Meadows | first = Michael | year = 2001 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Cacl7b8faEEC&pg=PA25 | isbn = 978-0-313-31566-4 }} *{{Cite news| title = Mills takes out Person of the Year at NAIDOC Awards | publisher = ABC News | url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-02/naidoc-awards-patty-mills-takes-out-person-of-the-year/8670600 | date = 2 July 2017 | access-date = 3 July 2017 | ref = {{harvid|ABC News|2017}} }} *{{Cite news| title = This Yuggera Grandmother of 47 scores Female Elder of the year award at NAIDOC | last = Morelli | first = Laura | publisher = NITV | url = http://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2017/06/28/yuggera-grandmother-47-scores-female-elder-year-award-naidoc | date = 3 July 2017 | access-date = 3 July 2017 }} *{{Cite book| title = Tom Petrie's reminiscences of early Queensland (dating from 1837) | last1 = Petrie | first1 = Constance Campbell | last2 = Petrie | first2 = Tom | year = 1904 | others = Cornell University Library | publisher = Watson, Ferguson & co. | location = Brisbane | url = https://archive.org/details/cu31924063745495 | via = Internet Archive }} *{{Cite web| title = QCD2015/001 – Yugara/YUgarapul People and Turrbal People | publisher = National Native Title Tribunal | url = http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleClaims/Pages/Determination_details.aspx?NNTT_Fileno=QCD2015/001 | date = 16 March 2015 | access-date = 31 October 2017 | ref = {{harvid|NNTT|2015}} }} *{{Cite news| title = Queenslanders Honoured at National NAIDOC Awards | publisher = Queensland Government | url = http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/7/1/queenslanders-honoured-at-national-naidoc-awards | date = 1 July 2017 | access-date = 3 July 2017 | ref = {{harvid|Queensland Govt|2017}} }} *{{Cite news| title = Turrbal-Yugara native title claim over Brisbane rejected | last = Riga | first = Rachel | publisher = ABC News | url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-28/long-running-native-title-claim-over-brisbane-rejected/6051554 | date = 28 January 2015 | access-date = 30 May 2022 }} *{{Cite book| title = Historical Dictionary of Australian Aborigines | last1 = Rolls | first1 = Mitchell | last2 = Johnson | first2 = Murray | year = 2010 | publisher = Scarecrow Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a9ppOE30u8EC&pg=PA38 | isbn = 978-0-810-87475-6 }} *{{Cite book| chapter = Semantic Change: Intersubjectivity and Social Knowledge in the ''Sydney Morning Herald'' | last = Russo | first = Katherine E. | year = 2015 | title = Variation and Change in Postcolonial Contexts | editor1-last = Calabrese | editor1-first = Rita | editor2-last = Chambers | editor2-first = J. K. | editor3-last = Leitner | editor3-first = Gerhard | publisher = Cambridge Scholars Publishing | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=naDWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 | pages = 209–227 | isbn = 978-1-443-88493-8 }} *{{cite AustLII| litigants = Sandy on behalf of the Yugara People v State of Queensland (No 2) | source = FCA | num = 15 | year = 2015 | courtname = auto | date = 27 January 2015 | ref = {{harvid|AustLII|2015}} }}. *{{Cite web| title = Full Federal Court confirms native title does not exist over greater Brisbane | last1 = Singleton | first1 = Scott | last2 = Testro | first2 = Nick | publisher = King & Wood Mallesons | url = http://www.kwm.com/en/au/knowledge/insights/native-title-greater-brisbane-area-20170726 | date = 26 July 2017 | access-date = 31 October 2017 }} *{{Cite book| title = Aboriginal Pathways: in Southeast Queensland and the Richmond River | last = Steele | first = John Gladstone | year = 2015 | publisher = University of Queensland Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e6WBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT124 | isbn = 978-0-702-25742-1 }} *{{cite news| title = This Week'S Book Reviews | newspaper = The Courier-Mail | location = Brisbane | issue = 3168 | page = 2 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49342310 | via = National Library of Australia | date = 18 January 1947 | access-date = 19 May 2017 | ref = {{harvid|The Courier-Mail|1947}} }} *{{Cite book | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | year = 1974 | author-link = Norman Tindale | publisher = Australian National University Press | url =https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstreams/accca907-ea47-4eb1-8217-aa5d3184e3a0/download | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 }} *{{Cite journal | title = Vocabularies of four representative tribes of South Eastern Queensland: with grammatical notes thereof and some notes on manners and customs, also, a list of Aboriginal place names and their derivations | last = Watson | first = F. J. | journal = Journal of The Royal Geographical Society of Australasia | location = Brisbane | via = Trove | year = 1944 | volume = 48 | number = 34 | url = http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/26342797 | access-date = 31 October 2017 | oclc = 682056722 }} *{{Cite news| title = Naidoc awards: Dianne Ryder, Ollie George and Patty Mills among winners | last = Zhou | first = Naaman | newspaper = The Guardian | url = https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jul/01/naidoc-awards-dianne-ryder-ollie-george-and-patty-mills-among-winners | date = 1 July 2017 | access-date = 3 July 2017 | issn = 0261-3077 }} {{refend}}

Category:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland Category:Brisbane