University Teachers for Human Rights

The '''University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna)''' or '''UTHR(J)''' was formed in 1988 at the University of Jaffna, Jaffna, in Sri Lanka, as part of the national organization University Teachers for Human Rights. Its public activities as a constituent part of university life came to a standstill after the assassination on September 21, 1989 of Rajini Thiranagama, a key founding member, for which the group blamed the LTTE.

In 1990, the others who identified openly with the UTHR(J), such as its current head, Professor Rajan Hoole, were forced to leave Jaffna. Rajan Hoole lived in hiding in Colombo and permanently resettled in Jaffna only after the war ended.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stürzinger |first=Martin |date=2023-07-26 |title=Sri Lankas Tamilen haben den Black July nicht vergessen, eine Versöhnung steht weiter aus |language=de-CH |work=Neue Zürcher Zeitung |url=https://www.nzz.ch/international/sri-lanka-die-tamilen-haben-den-black-july-nicht-vergessen-ld.1748659 |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref> By the beginning of 2010 the UTHR(J) had ceased to operate following the defeat of the LTTE.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-01-29 |title=Remembering The Abduction Of TRO Staff On 29 & 30 January, 2006 |url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/remembering-the-abduction-of-tro-staff-on-29-30-january-2006/ |website=Colombo Telegraph |access-date=2023-10-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The UTHR(J) functioned as an organization to uphold its professed aim: "to challenge the external and internal terror engulfing the Tamil community as a whole through making the perpetrators accountable, and to create space for humanising the social and political spheres relating to the life of our community."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravi |first=Usha |date=17 December 2007 |title=Amplify and celebrate Tamil voices of moderation |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2007/12/17/fea01.asp |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Daily News}}</ref> Among its long-held ideals was that "the due rights of the minorities, taking into account Sinhalese concerns, could ideally be met in a united Sri Lanka under federalism."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoole |first=R. |date=2009-03-01 |title=Sri Lanka: Ethnic Strife, Fratricide, and the Peace vs. Human Rights Dilemma |url=https://academic.oup.com/jhrp/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jhuman/hun003 |journal=Journal of Human Rights Practice |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=120–139 |doi=10.1093/jhuman/hun003 |doi-access=free |issn=1757-9619 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception == The UTHR(J) is well-received by human rights NGOs such as the Human Rights Watch. In 2007 Rajan Hoole and Kopalasingham Sritharan, cofounders of the group, received the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-05-04 |title=Sri Lanka and Burundi Human Rights Defenders Win 2007 Martin Ennals Award |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2007/05/04/sri-lanka-and-burundi-human-rights-defenders-win-2007-martin-ennals-award |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref>

Due to government censorship of the war, the UTHR(J) became the main source of information on the war zones for foreign governments, NGOs and the media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Teachers for Human Rights |url=https://www.sangam.org/ANALYSIS/UTHR02_10_02.htm |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=www.sangam.org}}</ref> In 2001 the then Sri Lankan President Chandrika Kumaratunga endorsed the UTHR(J), claiming it had appreciated her human rights record, when she was asked about the allegations of human rights abuses against Tamils under her government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 30, 2001 |title=Interview With Sri Lankan President Chandrika Kumaratunga |url=https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/qa/date/2001-10-30/segment/01 |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=CNN}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|In a response to Kumaratunga's comment, it stated that her invocation of UTHR "to whitewash her government’s human rights record is a cynical appropriation of our voice."<ref>{{cite web| date = December 11, 2001|title = A Response to President Kumaratunge’s CNN Interview (10/31/2001) |url=https://www.uthr.org/Statements/cnn%20statement.htm | access-date=2023-07-29|website=UTHR}}</ref>}}

Professor Peter Schalk, who has written extensively on subjects related to Tamil Eelam, described the UTHR(J) as having "established a solid reputation of being anti-LTTE".<ref>{{cite web |last=Schalk |first=Peter |date=9 April 2006 |title=War of Words - An Obstacle to Peace, The LTTE - an Unchanging Bloc? |url=https://tamilnation.org/conflictresolution/tamileelam/seminar_06_zurich/session6_060415peterschalk.pdf |access-date=1 July 2022 |website= |publisher=Centre for Just Peace and Democracy (CJPD) |quote=}}</ref>

However, the UTHR(J) has also come under criticism from certain quarters. Brian Senewiratne, a Sinhalese advocate of Tamil Eelam who had written the foreword to its book "''The Broken Palmyra''", alleged that the group "has changed to simply being virulently anti-LTTE," and that the Sri Lankan government was using its reports to cover up human rights violations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selected Writings - Brian Senewiratne - What can the Tamils expect from 2001 Elections |url=https://tamilnation.org/forum/brian/011130elections.htm |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=tamilnation.org}}</ref> The University of Jaffna, where the UTHR(J) was formed, has repeatedly disclaimed any connection with the group and published a letter in 1996 dismissing its reports on the LTTE as being "based on hearsay". Tamil diaspora activists and organizations have also accused the UTHR(J) of having an anti-LTTE bias and of praising Sri Lankan Army officers involved in human rights abuses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna Branch) |url=https://tamilnation.org/humanrights/uthr/index.htm |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=tamilnation.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University Teachers for Human Rights |url=https://www.sangam.org/ANALYSIS/UTHR02_10_02.htm |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=www.sangam.org}}</ref> Among scholarly critiques, the UTHR(J) has also been criticized for the use of "fascist" as a pejorative being exclusively reserved for the LTTE, which is described as "sensationalist characterization" without any theoretical basis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cheran |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNKGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |title=Pathways of Dissent: Tamil Nationalism in Sri Lanka |date=2009-10-15 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=978-81-321-0432-2 |pages=38–39 |language=en}}</ref>

== TRO abductions controversy == In April 2006, echoing the Sri Lankan government's allegations, the UTHR released a report accusing the LTTE of having staged the abduction of seven TRO employees in order to implicate the pro-government TMVP and force the paramilitary issue to the forefront of the upcoming Geneva talks. The LTTE's political head of the eastern province denied the report as baseless and stated that they did not respect the UTHR. The TRO spokesperson also condemned the report, slamming the group as unreliable with a notoriety for making "ridiculous statements", and contemplated legal action against it.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 2006 |title=Tigers deny staging TRO abductions |url=https://noolaham.net/project/37/3659/3659.pdf#page=12 |work=Tamil Times |pages=12}}</ref> It was later revealed that the TRO employees had in fact been abducted and murdered by the TMVP. The UTHR later issued a correction in March 2007 admitting they were wrong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2014 |title=TRO Abductions Of January 2006 – A Second Follow-Up |url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/tro-abductions-of-january-2006-a-second-follow-up/ |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=Colombo Telegraph}}</ref>

==See also== *Human Rights in Sri Lanka

==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}}

==References== {{Reflist}} *[http://www.uthr.org/ Home Page of UTHR]

Category:Human rights organisations based in Sri Lanka Category:1988 establishments in Sri Lanka Category:University of Jaffna Category:Educational organizations established in 1988 Category:Political organizations established in 1988 {{Asia-org-stub}}