USS Thomas A. Edison

{{Use American English|date=July 2015}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}} {{Infobox ship |infobox_caption=yes |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image=USS Thomas A. Edison.jpg |image_caption=USS ''Thomas A. Edison'' (SSBN-610) }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header= |country=United States |flag={{USN flag|1983}} |name=USS ''Thomas A. Edison'' |namesake= [[Thomas Edison]] (1847–1931) |ordered=1 July 1959 |builder=[[Electric Boat]] Division of the [[General Dynamics Corporation]] |laid_down=15 March 1960 |launched=15 June 1961 |sponsor=Mrs. Madeleine Edison Sloane |acquired= |commissioned=10 March 1962 |decommissioned=1 December 1983 |struck=30 April 1986 |fate=Recycling via [[Ship and Submarine Recycling Program]] completed 1 December 1997 |motto=*''Potentia Tenebras Repellendi'' *(Power to Repel the Darkness) }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |class={{sclass|Ethan Allen|submarine}} |type=[[Ballistic Missile Submarine]] |displacement= 6,900 tons surfaced 7,900 tons submerged |length={{convert|410|ft|4|in|m}} |beam={{convert|33.1|ft|m}} |draft={{convert|27|ft|5|in|m}} |propulsion=[[S5W reactor]] – two geared steam turbines – one shaft |speed={{convert|16|kn}} surfaced, {{convert|21|kn}} submerged |range= |endurance= |test_depth={{convert|1300|ft|m}} |complement=12 Officers and 128 Enlisted (two crews Blue and Gold) |sensors= |EW= |armament=16 fleet ballistic missiles, 4 × [[American 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] torpedo tubes |notes= }} }}

'''USS ''Thomas A. Edison'' (SSBN-610)''', an {{sclass|Ethan Allen|submarine|0}} [[Nuclear submarine|nuclear-powered]] [[Ballistic missile submarine|ballistic missile]] [[submarine]], was the second ship of the [[United States Navy]] to be named for the inventor [[Thomas Edison]] (1847–1931).

==Construction and commissioning==

''Thomas A. Edison''{{'}}s keel was laid down on 15 March 1960 by the [[Electric Boat]] Division of the [[General Dynamics Corporation]] of [[Groton, Connecticut]]. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 15 June 1961, sponsored by Mrs. Madeleine Edison Sloane, daughter of [[Thomas Edison]] and [[Mina Miller Edison|Mina Miller]] and wife of [[John Eyre Sloane]], and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 10 March 1962 with [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] Charles M. Young commanding the Blue Crew and Captain Walter Dedrick commanding the Gold Crew.

==Service history== On 9 April 1962, during [[shakedown cruise|shakedown]] training off the eastern coast of the United States, ''Thomas A. Edison'' collided with the [[destroyer]] {{USS|Wadleigh|DD-689}}.<ref name="sol p34">Silverstone 2009, p. 34.</ref>

[[File:USS Thomas A. Edison (SSBN-610) underway in 1962.jpg|thumb|left|''Thomas A. Edison'' underway in the Atlantic Ocean in 1962.]]''Thomas A. Edison'' loaded sixteen [[Polaris missile|Polaris A2 missiles]], which had a range of a range of 1500 nm (1725 miles) and carried a single nuclear warhead on each missile, at the [[Charleston Naval Shipyard|naval base]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina]], and embarked upon her first deterrent patrol on November 7, 1962. She was part of the eight United States nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines which participated in the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] as part of the United States nuclear order of battle from October to November 1962.<ref name=CubanMissileCrissisNuclearOrderOfBattle>{{cite web |last=Norris |first=Robert S. |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/event/2012_10_24_Norris_Cuban_Missile_Crisis_Nuclear_Order_of_Battle.pdf |title=The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Nuclear Order of Battle October/November 1962 |work=[[Wilson Center]] |pages=16–17 |date=October 24, 2012 |access-date=February 8, 2022}}</ref>{{efn|From October 16 to November 20, 1962, the eight United States Polaris submarines that participated as part of the United States nuclear order of battle during the Cuban Missile Crisis were {{USS|George Washington|SSBN-598|6}} (SSBN 598) with Polaris A1, {{USS|Patrick Henry|SSBN-599|6}} (SSBN 599) with Polaris A1, {{USS|Robert E. Lee|SSBN-601|6}} (SSBN 601) with Polaris A1, {{USS|Theodore Roosevelt|SSBN-600|6}} (SSBN 600) with Polaris A1, {{USS|Abraham Lincoln|SSBN-602|6}} (SSBN 602) with Polaris A1, {{USS|Ethan Allen|SSBN-608|6}} (SSBN 608) with Polaris A2, {{USS|Sam Houston|SSBN-609|6}} (SSBN 609) with Polaris A2 which departed [[Charleston, South Carolina]] on October 10, 1962, and USS ''Thomas A. Edison'' (SSBN 610) with Polaris A2 which departed Charleston, South Carolina, on November 7, 1962. The first five were ''[[George Washington-class submarine|George Washington]]''-class submarines and the last three were ''[[Ethan Allen-class submarine|Ethan Allen]]''-class submarines and all carried 16 ballistic missiles with each missile carrying a single nuclear warhead.<ref name=CubanMissileCrissisNuclearOrderOfBattle/><ref>{{cite web |last=Maloney |first=Bill |url=http://militarymuseums.info/SubmarineUSSNautilus/Museum/pages/42PolarisMissile.htm |title=Museum Exhibits / 42PolarisMissile |work=[[Submarine Force Library and Museum|Submarine USS Nautilus Museum]] |location=[[Groton, Connecticut]] |date=January 14, 2007 |access-date=February 8, 2022 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209045323/http://militarymuseums.info/SubmarineUSSNautilus/Museum/pages/42PolarisMissile.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} During Edison's load out in Charleston at 1900 on October 22, 1962, DEFCON 3 was ordered for the Poliaris submarines on patrol.<ref name=CubanMissileCrissisNuclearOrderOfBattle/> At DEFCON 3, “Polaris submarines moved to their launch points.”<ref name=CubanMissileCrissisNuclearOrderOfBattle/> She concluded that patrol at the base at [[Holy Loch]], [[Scotland]], from which she operated for the next four years and conducted 17 deterrent patrols. In September 1966, her official [[home port]] was changed from [[Naval Submarine Base New London|New London, Connecticut]], to [[Naval Weapons Station Charleston|Charleston, South Carolina]], in preparation for her first major overhaul. She ended her 17th patrol at Charleston on 15 October 1966 and began her overhaul on 28 October 1966. She completed repairs on 9 May 1968; and, after post-overhaul [[sea trial]]s and shakedown, she embarked upon her 18th deterrent patrol on 22 September 1968.

After a shortened 19th patrol, she conducted a "Follow on Target" (FOT) test launch. For this test, four missiles were selected at random, their warheads were removed, and telemetry packages were fitted in place of the warheads. ''Thomas A. Edison'' then proceeded to a location just off the [[Canary Islands]] and fired these missiles into the [[Caribbean]]. Due to the accuracy and timeliness of these successful launches, the members of that Blue Crew were awarded a Meritorious Unit Citation.

Through June 1973, ''Thomas A. Edison'' operated out of New London and [[Rota, Spain]], from which ports she conducted another 19 deterrent patrols in the [[Mediterranean Sea]].

In June 1973, she was transferred to the [[United States Pacific Fleet]], arriving in San Diego, on 11 July 1973. After a short period of operations with Submarine Group 5, she moved to [[Vallejo, California]], on 6 August 1973 to begin another overhaul, this time at the [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]] at [[Vallejo, California|Vallejo]], California. On 30 November 1974, she completed repairs and, following shakedown in January and February 1975, she transited the [[Panama Canal]] again in March 1975 to fire test missiles near [[Cape Canaveral, Florida]]. She concluded that mission in July and retransited the Canal on 8 August 1975. ''Thomas A. Edison'' carried out operations along the [[United States West Coast]] until December 1975, at which time she headed for her new home port, [[Apra, Guam|Apra]], Guam.

On 6 October 1980, ''Thomas A. Edison'' completed her final deterrent patrol and was reclassified an [[attack submarine]], given [[hull classification symbol|hull number]] SSN-610.<ref name="conways47 p612">{{cite book|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Chumbley|editor2-first=Stephen| title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995|date=1995|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland |page=612 |isbn=1-55750-132-7 |oclc=34267261}}</ref> {{citation needed span|text=In 1981, in compliance with the [[SALT I treaty]],|date=February 2014}} ''Thomas A. Edison''{{'}}s missile section was deactivated. Concrete blocks were placed in the missile tubes, and the missile [[fire-control system]] and one of the ship's [[inertial navigation system]]s were removed.<ref name="cf86 p621">{{cite book|editor-last=Couhat|editor-first=Jean Labayle|title=Combat Fleets of the World 1986/87|year=1986 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |others=English language edition prepared by A.D. Baker III |page=621|isbn= 0-85368-860-5 |oclc=14161346}}</ref> {{citation needed span|text=She was retained primarily for training, ASW [[antisubmarine warfare]] exercises, and other secondary duties.|date=February 2014}}

{{citation needed span|text=In August 1982 ''Thomas A. Edison'' conducted the first Western Pacific deployment by an ex-SSBN. During deployment, her crew enjoyed visits to Japan, Korea, Thailand and the Philippines. On 29 November 1982, {{convert|40|mi}} east of Subic Bay, Philippines, ''Thomas A. Edison'' collided with {{USS|Leftwich|DD-984}} while conducting ASW exercises.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/11/30/Navy-investigates-collision/9303407480400/ |title=Navy investigates collision |work=[[United Press International|UPI]] |date=November 30, 1982 |access-date=February 17, 2022}}</ref> ''Thomas A. Edison'' was at periscope depth. Her sail and sail planes were damaged, but there was no flooding apart from a minor leak down the periscope well. After the collision the boat never submerged again. She went to Polaris Point, Guam, for temporary repairs, then made a 35-day transit across the Pacific on the surface to [[Bremerton, Washington]], where she had home ported as an SSN.|date=February 2014}}

{{citation needed span|text=The original plan{{when|date=February 2014}} for ''Thomas A. Edison'', after some preliminary testing in the Philippines, was for her to become the test platform for the Seal Delivery system, as ''Thomas A. Edison'' was in the best material shape of the ''Ethan Allen''-class boats, so she was chosen for this mission. The Navy had planned to decommission the {{USS|Ethan Allen|SSBN-608}} or {{USS|Sam Houston|SSBN-609}}, but after the collision it was decided{{by whom|date=February 2014}} to decommission ''Thomas A. Edison'' instead. In January 1983, ''Thomas A. Edison'' entered the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for inactivation.|date=February 2014}}

[[Ship decommissioning|Decommissioned]] on 1 December 1983, ''Thomas A. Edison'' was struck from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 30 April 1986. She went through the Navy's Nuclear Powered [[Ship and Submarine Recycling Program]] at [[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard]], Bremerton, Washington, beginning on 1 October 1996 and on 1 December 1997 ceased to exist as the recycling was completed.

==Elevator==

''Thomas A. Edison'' was the first and only submarine to have an [[elevator]]. In 1962, an elevator was added to ''Thomas A. Edison'' so that [[President Kennedy]] could access the submarine. President Kennedy had a back injury which prevented him from using vertical ladders. The addition was known as the ''JFK Submarine Access Elevator'' and allowed the President to enter the submarine through one of its deck hatches while standing. On April 13, 1962, President Kennedy and his naval aide to the president, Captain Tazewell Shepard, Jr., toured the recently commissioned submarine while it was at the [[Naval Station Norfolk|naval base]] in [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]], [[Virginia]]. As of February 2022, the elevator is located at the {{USS|Nautilus|SSN-571|6}} [[Submarine Force Library and Museum|Museum]] along the [[Thames River (Connecticut)|Thames River]] in [[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]], [[Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maloney |first1=Bill |last2=Bell |first2=Derek A. |url=http://militarymuseums.info/SubmarineUSSNautilus/Museum/pages/41EscapeApparatus.htm |title=Museum Exhibits / 41JFK Submarine Access Elevator |work=[[Submarine Force Library and Museum|Submarine USS Nautilus Museum]] |location=[[Groton, Connecticut]] |date=January 14, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2024 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209013648/http://militarymuseums.info/SubmarineUSSNautilus/Museum/pages/41EscapeApparatus.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |title=John F. Kennedy 1962 U.S. Atlantic Fleet Presidential Visit |url=https://auction.universityarchives.com/auction-lot/john-f-kennedy-1962-u-s-atlantic-fleet-presidenti_A1F44C0BF6 |work=University Archives (UA) |location=[[Wilton, Connecticut]] |date=April 10, 2018 |access-date=February 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/NavalInstitute/photos/pb.14136042172.-2207520000../10159228508917173/?type=3&eid=ARA7dW3OQjMjm2a8Hd-QltW8XplOWd3-XFXZ-KB06bZUGEv9SfagoOKh1h8uXOlLa4n-dvGeyEOgIImQ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220209020504/https://www.facebook.com/NavalInstitute/photos/pb.14136042172.-2207520000../10159228508917173/?type=3&eid=ARA7dW3OQjMjm2a8Hd-QltW8XplOWd3-XFXZ-KB06bZUGEv9SfagoOKh1h8uXOlLa4n-dvGeyEOgIImQ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2022-02-09 |title=President Kennedy aboard the USS Thomas A. Edison on April 13, 1962 in Norfolk, Virginia |work=[[United States Naval Institute]] |date=May 31, 2021 |access-date=February 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Knudsen |first=Robert (White House Photographer) |url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2004/Day%2013/JFKWHP-1962-04-13-E |title=Visit to the Atlantic Fleet: President Kennedy aboard submarine USS Thomas Edison, 5:00PM (KN-C21126) |work=[[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum|JFK Library]] |date=April 13, 1962 |access-date=February 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/sites/default/files/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2004/Day%2013/JFKWHP-1962-04-13-E/JFKWHP-KN-C21126.jpg |title=KN-C21126. President John F. Kennedy Aboard Submarine USS Thomas A. Edison |access-date=February 9, 2022 |archive-date=February 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209041804/https://www.jfklibrary.org/sites/default/files/archives/JFKWHP/1962/Month%2004/Day%2013/JFKWHP-1962-04-13-E/JFKWHP-KN-C21126.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Steinway piano ==

During the construction of ''Thomas A. Edison'', the commissioning captain, Charles M. "Cy" Young, purchased a [[Steinway & Sons|Steinway]] piano that was placed aboard before the hull was sealed.<ref name="Steinway"> {{cite press release |website = Steinway & Sons |title = Legendary Piano Maker Steinway & Sons to Kick-off Historic Piano Exhibit as Part of 150th Anniversary Celebrations |url = http://www.steinway.com/noteworthy/news/historic_piano_exhibit122503.shtml |access-date = 24 November 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080830040656/http://www.steinway.com/noteworthy/news/historic_piano_exhibit122503.shtml |archive-date = 30 August 2008 |url-status=dead |df = dmy-all }} </ref> This piano remained on board the submarine for 22 years (1961–1983) up until her decommissioning. The Steinway piano is the only example of a full-sized piano ever installed on a U.S. submarine conducting nuclear deterrent patrols.<ref name="Navy">{{cite web |author=United States Navy |title=030611-O-0000X-001 |url=http://www.news.navy.mil/view_single.asp?id=7977 |access-date=23 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318030928/http://www.news.navy.mil/view_single.asp?id=7977 |archive-date=18 March 2005 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== *{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/t/thomas-a-edison.html}} {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *{{cite book|last=Silverstone| first=Paul H. |title=The Navy of the Nuclear Age 1947–2007|year=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-87773-9}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas A. Edison (SSBN-610)}} [[Category:Ships built in Groton, Connecticut]] [[Category:Ethan Allen-class submarines]] [[Category:Cold War submarines of the United States]] [[Category:Nuclear submarines of the United States Navy]] [[Category:United States submarine accidents]] [[Category:Maritime incidents in 1962]] [[Category:1961 ships]]